基于SOA的工作流架构研究与系统实现
摘要
随着各企事业单位信息化工作的开展,这些单位都建有若干应用系统。由于时间跨度较大和缺乏统一建设规划,这些应用系统的开发及运行平台、数据结构等很可能是异构的,加上这些系统自身独立运行,于是出现了“信息孤岛”的问题。随着应用的深入,这些单位迫切需要应用系统之间实现信息共享和跨系统的流程,提出了集成的需求。传统的集成方式一般是点对点的集成方式,即系统之间彼此提供接口,系统之间耦合度增大。这种方式下接口数量大,开发工作量大,不易于维护和扩展。
为了解决多系统之间集成问题,同时避免点对点集成方式的缺点,本文提出了一种基于SOA的工作流架构,这种架构下的集成可以发挥SOA架构和工作流技术的双重优点,既满足了信息和流程集成的功能需求,又具有充分利用现有资源、接口规范统一、提高软件开发速度、实现软件复用、易于维护和扩展等优点。
本文在对中间件技术、web service技术、适配器技术、本体资源描述和语义映射技术等关键技术进行了较深入研究的基础上,采用了消息中间件来进行语义解析与封装,通过web service方式进行通信,通过适配器进行服务注册和抽取,通过owl进行本体资源描述等关键技术;在SOA与工作流技术结合、本体资源描述和语义映射技术两个方面有所创新。
文中针对集成技术的研究背景,对相关领域国内外现状进行了分析,提出了一种基于SOA的工作流架构,对实现这种架构的关键技术进行了研究;设计并实现了一个基于此架构的原型系统;通过一个实例验证了该原型系统的功能并进行了性能分析。通过分析结果可以看出该架构在接口规范和减少中间传输数据量方面具有明显优势,具有实际应用的意义。
With the rapid development of Information Technology, most corporations have built many application systems for there bussines. Because they were not built on unified marking out and the time-span was large and the developing-and-running platforms and data structures were likely isomerous, meanwhile those systems were running separately, Information-island problem came out. With the deepening of application, information sharing and system-independent workflow are badly needed to integrate these different systems.
Traditional integration mode is point-to-point mode, which means two systems offering interface to each other, and the relationship of systems is close-coupled. By this mode, the amount of interfaces is huge, the workload of developing is big, the maintenance and expanding of system is difficult.
In order to resolve the above problems, and avoid the disadvantages of point-to-point integration mode, this paper presents a SOA-based workflow architecture. This architecture owns both the advantages of SOA architecture and workflow technology. This architecture can meet the requirement of information and function integrations, at the same time it has excellences in making the best use of existing systems, having standard interfaces, fast developing, realizing reuse of software, maintaining and easily expanding, having high usability and so on.
During the research, we go deep into the research of middle-ware, web service, adapter, ontology resource describing, and semantic mapping, and use message- middle-ware, web service pattern, service register and cramp out adapter, OWL-based ontology resource describing. We also make some innovations in combining SOA and workflow technology and application of semantic mapping and ontology describing.
Through the research background and research actuality domestic and abroad, the main part of this paper proposes an SOA-based workflow architecture with its advantages and key technologies; designs and realizes an protype system based on this architecture; describes the function validating and capabilities analyzing. The result shows that this architecture hase obvious advantage in interface standards and decreasing the exchange of intermediate data. It means this architecture has practical value.
为了解决多系统之间集成问题,同时避免点对点集成方式的缺点,本文提出了一种基于SOA的工作流架构,这种架构下的集成可以发挥SOA架构和工作流技术的双重优点,既满足了信息和流程集成的功能需求,又具有充分利用现有资源、接口规范统一、提高软件开发速度、实现软件复用、易于维护和扩展等优点。
本文在对中间件技术、web service技术、适配器技术、本体资源描述和语义映射技术等关键技术进行了较深入研究的基础上,采用了消息中间件来进行语义解析与封装,通过web service方式进行通信,通过适配器进行服务注册和抽取,通过owl进行本体资源描述等关键技术;在SOA与工作流技术结合、本体资源描述和语义映射技术两个方面有所创新。
文中针对集成技术的研究背景,对相关领域国内外现状进行了分析,提出了一种基于SOA的工作流架构,对实现这种架构的关键技术进行了研究;设计并实现了一个基于此架构的原型系统;通过一个实例验证了该原型系统的功能并进行了性能分析。通过分析结果可以看出该架构在接口规范和减少中间传输数据量方面具有明显优势,具有实际应用的意义。
With the rapid development of Information Technology, most corporations have built many application systems for there bussines. Because they were not built on unified marking out and the time-span was large and the developing-and-running platforms and data structures were likely isomerous, meanwhile those systems were running separately, Information-island problem came out. With the deepening of application, information sharing and system-independent workflow are badly needed to integrate these different systems.
Traditional integration mode is point-to-point mode, which means two systems offering interface to each other, and the relationship of systems is close-coupled. By this mode, the amount of interfaces is huge, the workload of developing is big, the maintenance and expanding of system is difficult.
In order to resolve the above problems, and avoid the disadvantages of point-to-point integration mode, this paper presents a SOA-based workflow architecture. This architecture owns both the advantages of SOA architecture and workflow technology. This architecture can meet the requirement of information and function integrations, at the same time it has excellences in making the best use of existing systems, having standard interfaces, fast developing, realizing reuse of software, maintaining and easily expanding, having high usability and so on.
During the research, we go deep into the research of middle-ware, web service, adapter, ontology resource describing, and semantic mapping, and use message- middle-ware, web service pattern, service register and cramp out adapter, OWL-based ontology resource describing. We also make some innovations in combining SOA and workflow technology and application of semantic mapping and ontology describing.
Through the research background and research actuality domestic and abroad, the main part of this paper proposes an SOA-based workflow architecture with its advantages and key technologies; designs and realizes an protype system based on this architecture; describes the function validating and capabilities analyzing. The result shows that this architecture hase obvious advantage in interface standards and decreasing the exchange of intermediate data. It means this architecture has practical value.
引文
1. 尉飞新.用Web Services实现基于SOA的企业应用集成研究.同济大学硕士毕业论文
2. WFMC――工作流参考模型.工作流管理联盟标准. http://www.wfmc.org/standards/publicdocuments.htm
3. 工作流技术杂谈(2007). http://cancanwyq.cnblogs.com/articles/343325.html
4. Sandy Carter.The New Language of Business SOA & Web2.0.Original English Language Edition Published by IBM press
5. 徐罡,黄涛,刘绍华,叶丹.分布应用集成核心技术研究综述[J].计算机学报,2005,(04)
6. 黄安安.基于 SOA 的企业应用系统框架研究.西北工业大学硕士毕业论文,2007
7. Keith Swenson,Chief Architect, Groupware,Fujitsu OSSI.The Difference Between Workflow and BPR.PPT
8. Dan L. Shunk; Joong-In Kim; Hee Yerl Nam.The application of an integrated enterprise modeling methodology-FIDO-tosupply chain integration modeling.Computers & Industrial Engineering,2003,45(1).-167-193
9. Yun Zeng; Roger H.L. Chiang; David C. Yen.Enterprise integration with advanced information technologies: ERP and datawarehousing.Information Management & Computer Security,2003,11(23).-115-122
10. 孔令波,唐世渭,杨冬青,王腾蛟,高军.XML 数据查询技术.软件学报,Vol.18,No.6,June 2007:1401-1418
11. 周竞涛,张数生,赵寒,王明徽,张超,王克飞,董小锋.基于语意模型的总线式企业信息集成框架.计算机集成制造系统,Vol.12, No.3, Mar 2006: 407-412
12. 朱青,王珊,丁博麟,张孝,蔡宏艳,姚佳丽.基于数据网格面向服务的查询算法[J].计算机学报,2006 年 07 期:1234-1240
13. IBM 认证 SOA 解决方案设计师认证考试准备《SOA 最佳实践》第一部分,https://www6.software.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/education/webservices/ws-soacert1/section2.html
14. 分布式 SOA 基础架构降低集成门槛.《计算机世界》www.ccw.com.cn/server/yyjq/htm2007/20070410_249924.shtml
15. 李巍.下一代软件架构—SOA.http://dev2dev.bea.com.cn/techdoc/200404186.html
16. 刘英丹,董传良.利用 Web Service 实现企业应用集成[J].计算机应用,2003,(07)
17. 侯健.基于 SOA 架构的通用数据交换平台的设计与实现.华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2007
18. 张伟. 基于 SOA 的可重构 ERP 构架设计与实现. 中山大学硕士学位论文,2007
19. 司莹莹.基于 SOA 的流程平台的设计与开发.北京交通大学硕士学位论,2007
20. 林泽坚.基于网格的工作流引擎集成研究.中山大学硕士学位论文,2007
21. 梁玲.基于 Web Service 的面向服务的工作流管理系统研究与实现.中北大学硕士学位论文,2007
22. 李红臣,史美林,工作流模型及其形式化描述,计算机学报,Vol.26 No.11 Nov.2003:1456-1463
23. Papazoglou M, Delis A, Bouguettaya Aetal. Class library support for workflow environments and applications .IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1997, 46(6) :673~686
24. Georgakopolous D, Hornick M, Sheth A. An overview of workflow management : from process modelling to workflow automation infrastructure .Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1995, 3(2) :119~152
25. Leymann F, Altenhuber W. Managing business processes as an information resource .IBM Systems Journal, 1994, 33(2) :326~348
26. Kacmar C, Carey J, Alexaander M. Providing workflow services using a programmable hypermedia environment .Information and Software Technology, 1998, 40(7) :381~396
27. Geppert A, Tombros D, Dittrich K R. Defining the semantics of reactive components in event -driven workflow execution with event histories .Information Systems, 1998, 23(34) :235~252
28. Koulopoulos T M. The Workflow Imperative .New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995, :35-42
29. AGARWAL R, BRUNO G, TORCHIANO M. An operational approach to the design of workflow systems .Information and Software Technology, 2000, 42 :547-555
30. Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi El A, et al. Functionality and Limitations of Current Workflow Management Systems .IEEE Expert, 1997, 1 2( 5)
31. ROBERT J, JAY M, BART M. An XML framework for agent-based e-commerce .Communications of the ACM, 1999, 42(3) :106-114
32. Huang G Q, Huang J, Mak K L. Agent -based workflow management in collaborative product development on the Internet .Computer -Aided Design, 2000, 32 :133~144
33. Li Conghua. ERP packages: What' s next .Information System Management, 1999, 16(3) :31-35
34. AALST van der W M. On the automatic generation of workflow processes based on product structures .Computers in Industry, 1999, 39(1) :97-111
35. [35] Herb Krasner. Ensuring E-business success by learning from ERP failures .IT Professional, 2000, 2(1) :22-27
36. WIL M P, AALST V D. Process-oriented architectures for electronic commerce and interorganizational workflow .Information Systems, 1999, 24(8) :639-671
37. GREFEN P, VRIES de R R. A reference architecture for workflow managementsystems .Data&Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 27(1) :31-57
38. 卫欣,李志蜀.基于 Web 的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用研究,2004,(07)
39. 潘铁军.虚拟企业过程集成中几个关键问题的研究[D].浙江大学,2001
40. 张志君,范玉顺.工作流系统异常处理实现方法[J].高技术通讯,2004,(08).
41. Shin David. Service-oriented architectures .Scientific Computing and Instrumentation, 2004, 21(6) :26-28
42. 叶钰,应时,李伟斋,张韬.面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(02)
43. P. Barford, and M. E. Crovella. A performance evaluation of Hyper Text Transfer Protocols .Proc. ACM Sigmetrics,1999, :pages 188
44. 覃正,原欣伟,卢致杰,宋敏.面向服务的广义企业信息系统架构研究[J].计算机应用,2004,(S1)
45. 张明宝,夏安邦.基于面向服务体系架构的敏捷虚拟企业信息系统框架[J].计算机集成制造系-CIMS, 2004,(08)
46. WOODLEY T,GAGNON S,BPM and SOA:Synergies and Chal-lenges[A],Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on WebInformation Systems Engineering(WISE)[C],2005
47. 叶钰,应时,李伟斋,张韬.面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(02)
48. 魏东,陈晓江,房鼎益.基于 SOA 体系结构的软件开发方法研究[J].微电子学与计算机,2005,(06)
2. WFMC――工作流参考模型.工作流管理联盟标准. http://www.wfmc.org/standards/publicdocuments.htm
3. 工作流技术杂谈(2007). http://cancanwyq.cnblogs.com/articles/343325.html
4. Sandy Carter.The New Language of Business SOA & Web2.0.Original English Language Edition Published by IBM press
5. 徐罡,黄涛,刘绍华,叶丹.分布应用集成核心技术研究综述[J].计算机学报,2005,(04)
6. 黄安安.基于 SOA 的企业应用系统框架研究.西北工业大学硕士毕业论文,2007
7. Keith Swenson,Chief Architect, Groupware,Fujitsu OSSI.The Difference Between Workflow and BPR.PPT
8. Dan L. Shunk; Joong-In Kim; Hee Yerl Nam.The application of an integrated enterprise modeling methodology-FIDO-tosupply chain integration modeling.Computers & Industrial Engineering,2003,45(1).-167-193
9. Yun Zeng; Roger H.L. Chiang; David C. Yen.Enterprise integration with advanced information technologies: ERP and datawarehousing.Information Management & Computer Security,2003,11(23).-115-122
10. 孔令波,唐世渭,杨冬青,王腾蛟,高军.XML 数据查询技术.软件学报,Vol.18,No.6,June 2007:1401-1418
11. 周竞涛,张数生,赵寒,王明徽,张超,王克飞,董小锋.基于语意模型的总线式企业信息集成框架.计算机集成制造系统,Vol.12, No.3, Mar 2006: 407-412
12. 朱青,王珊,丁博麟,张孝,蔡宏艳,姚佳丽.基于数据网格面向服务的查询算法[J].计算机学报,2006 年 07 期:1234-1240
13. IBM 认证 SOA 解决方案设计师认证考试准备《SOA 最佳实践》第一部分,https://www6.software.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/education/webservices/ws-soacert1/section2.html
14. 分布式 SOA 基础架构降低集成门槛.《计算机世界》www.ccw.com.cn/server/yyjq/htm2007/20070410_249924.shtml
15. 李巍.下一代软件架构—SOA.http://dev2dev.bea.com.cn/techdoc/200404186.html
16. 刘英丹,董传良.利用 Web Service 实现企业应用集成[J].计算机应用,2003,(07)
17. 侯健.基于 SOA 架构的通用数据交换平台的设计与实现.华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2007
18. 张伟. 基于 SOA 的可重构 ERP 构架设计与实现. 中山大学硕士学位论文,2007
19. 司莹莹.基于 SOA 的流程平台的设计与开发.北京交通大学硕士学位论,2007
20. 林泽坚.基于网格的工作流引擎集成研究.中山大学硕士学位论文,2007
21. 梁玲.基于 Web Service 的面向服务的工作流管理系统研究与实现.中北大学硕士学位论文,2007
22. 李红臣,史美林,工作流模型及其形式化描述,计算机学报,Vol.26 No.11 Nov.2003:1456-1463
23. Papazoglou M, Delis A, Bouguettaya Aetal. Class library support for workflow environments and applications .IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1997, 46(6) :673~686
24. Georgakopolous D, Hornick M, Sheth A. An overview of workflow management : from process modelling to workflow automation infrastructure .Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1995, 3(2) :119~152
25. Leymann F, Altenhuber W. Managing business processes as an information resource .IBM Systems Journal, 1994, 33(2) :326~348
26. Kacmar C, Carey J, Alexaander M. Providing workflow services using a programmable hypermedia environment .Information and Software Technology, 1998, 40(7) :381~396
27. Geppert A, Tombros D, Dittrich K R. Defining the semantics of reactive components in event -driven workflow execution with event histories .Information Systems, 1998, 23(34) :235~252
28. Koulopoulos T M. The Workflow Imperative .New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995, :35-42
29. AGARWAL R, BRUNO G, TORCHIANO M. An operational approach to the design of workflow systems .Information and Software Technology, 2000, 42 :547-555
30. Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi El A, et al. Functionality and Limitations of Current Workflow Management Systems .IEEE Expert, 1997, 1 2( 5)
31. ROBERT J, JAY M, BART M. An XML framework for agent-based e-commerce .Communications of the ACM, 1999, 42(3) :106-114
32. Huang G Q, Huang J, Mak K L. Agent -based workflow management in collaborative product development on the Internet .Computer -Aided Design, 2000, 32 :133~144
33. Li Conghua. ERP packages: What' s next .Information System Management, 1999, 16(3) :31-35
34. AALST van der W M. On the automatic generation of workflow processes based on product structures .Computers in Industry, 1999, 39(1) :97-111
35. [35] Herb Krasner. Ensuring E-business success by learning from ERP failures .IT Professional, 2000, 2(1) :22-27
36. WIL M P, AALST V D. Process-oriented architectures for electronic commerce and interorganizational workflow .Information Systems, 1999, 24(8) :639-671
37. GREFEN P, VRIES de R R. A reference architecture for workflow managementsystems .Data&Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 27(1) :31-57
38. 卫欣,李志蜀.基于 Web 的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用研究,2004,(07)
39. 潘铁军.虚拟企业过程集成中几个关键问题的研究[D].浙江大学,2001
40. 张志君,范玉顺.工作流系统异常处理实现方法[J].高技术通讯,2004,(08).
41. Shin David. Service-oriented architectures .Scientific Computing and Instrumentation, 2004, 21(6) :26-28
42. 叶钰,应时,李伟斋,张韬.面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(02)
43. P. Barford, and M. E. Crovella. A performance evaluation of Hyper Text Transfer Protocols .Proc. ACM Sigmetrics,1999, :pages 188
44. 覃正,原欣伟,卢致杰,宋敏.面向服务的广义企业信息系统架构研究[J].计算机应用,2004,(S1)
45. 张明宝,夏安邦.基于面向服务体系架构的敏捷虚拟企业信息系统框架[J].计算机集成制造系-CIMS, 2004,(08)
46. WOODLEY T,GAGNON S,BPM and SOA:Synergies and Chal-lenges[A],Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on WebInformation Systems Engineering(WISE)[C],2005
47. 叶钰,应时,李伟斋,张韬.面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(02)
48. 魏东,陈晓江,房鼎益.基于 SOA 体系结构的软件开发方法研究[J].微电子学与计算机,2005,(06)