多电平逆变器软开关技术的研究及有源滤波控制器的研制
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摘要
电力电子设备的大量使用使得谐波问题日益严重。谐波成为影响电能质量的主要因素，有源电力滤波器(APF)以其独特的优点作为谐波治理的有效手段成为科技人员研究的热点。目前APF的研究主要是对低压配电网的应用，关于高电压大容量APF的理论研究刚刚起步，主要集中在基本拓扑结构以及补偿分量的检测算法和控制策略上，对软开关技术和吸收电路的研究还比较少。
本文首先从拓扑结构及控制策略两个方面对多电平逆变器作了详细介绍，并就多电平逆变器软开关技术进行了深入研究，提出了一种三相三电平逆变器零电流关断电路的设计，理论上对其开关过程进行分析证明了它实现软开关的能力，并通过仿真验证了该电路的可行性。
电能质量综合治理装置是结合武汉大学与华中电力集团公司合作项目“复杂电力系统谐波、负序、无功综合治理装置的研究”研制的，本文从主回路拓扑、控制回路和检测回路三个方面介绍了装置的电路设计，讨论了各元件参数选择的依据。并对全数字化的控制器的软硬件设计，尤其是人机界面的程序和功能作了详细说明。
实验部分对DSP控制器的主要功能进行了测试，验证了控制器软硬件设计的可行性。利用APF装置主电路对其谐波补偿特性、直流侧电压的升压控制和APF控制策略进行了实验研究，并作了24小时并网实验，证明电能质量综合治理装置基本能完全补偿系统中低于25次的谐波。
The wide use of power electronic equipment makes harmonic problem deteriorated increasingly. Harmonic becomes the primary factor influencing power quality. As an effective means of harmonic restraint, active power filtering (APF) technique becomes the research focus of scientific and technological personnel.
Nowadays, APF is mainly used for the low voltage network and the research of APF with high voltage and large capacity are barely commenced, which focused on the basic topology, detection of the current distortion and control scheme, but less on soft-switching and snubber circuit.
The topology and control scheme of multi-level converter were introduced firstly in this thesis. Then the soft-switch for multi-level converter was lucubrated and a novel zero-current-turn off circuit for three phases three-level inverter was brought out. We proved its ability of soft-switch theoretically by analyze its switch process and authenticated the feasibility of the circuit by simulation.
Power quality harnessed synthetically equipment was developed combine with the item of equipment researching for harmonic, negative sequence and reactive power harnessed synthetically. The circuit design of this equipment was introduced from three aspects containing major loop, control loop and detecting loop. And the hardware and software design of a digital control device and especially the program and function of an operating interface were lucubrated in this thesis.
The experiment part of the thesis introduces the experiment result of testing main function of the control device, which testified the feasibility of the hardware and software design. Additionally, we made use of the APF equipment carried out some experiments include compensation capability, boosting control of DC side, control scheme of APF as well as join the system lasting out 24 hours, which proved the equipment can almost compensate harmonics under 25 times of power system.
本文首先从拓扑结构及控制策略两个方面对多电平逆变器作了详细介绍，并就多电平逆变器软开关技术进行了深入研究，提出了一种三相三电平逆变器零电流关断电路的设计，理论上对其开关过程进行分析证明了它实现软开关的能力，并通过仿真验证了该电路的可行性。
电能质量综合治理装置是结合武汉大学与华中电力集团公司合作项目“复杂电力系统谐波、负序、无功综合治理装置的研究”研制的，本文从主回路拓扑、控制回路和检测回路三个方面介绍了装置的电路设计，讨论了各元件参数选择的依据。并对全数字化的控制器的软硬件设计，尤其是人机界面的程序和功能作了详细说明。
实验部分对DSP控制器的主要功能进行了测试，验证了控制器软硬件设计的可行性。利用APF装置主电路对其谐波补偿特性、直流侧电压的升压控制和APF控制策略进行了实验研究，并作了24小时并网实验，证明电能质量综合治理装置基本能完全补偿系统中低于25次的谐波。
The wide use of power electronic equipment makes harmonic problem deteriorated increasingly. Harmonic becomes the primary factor influencing power quality. As an effective means of harmonic restraint, active power filtering (APF) technique becomes the research focus of scientific and technological personnel.
Nowadays, APF is mainly used for the low voltage network and the research of APF with high voltage and large capacity are barely commenced, which focused on the basic topology, detection of the current distortion and control scheme, but less on soft-switching and snubber circuit.
The topology and control scheme of multi-level converter were introduced firstly in this thesis. Then the soft-switch for multi-level converter was lucubrated and a novel zero-current-turn off circuit for three phases three-level inverter was brought out. We proved its ability of soft-switch theoretically by analyze its switch process and authenticated the feasibility of the circuit by simulation.
Power quality harnessed synthetically equipment was developed combine with the item of equipment researching for harmonic, negative sequence and reactive power harnessed synthetically. The circuit design of this equipment was introduced from three aspects containing major loop, control loop and detecting loop. And the hardware and software design of a digital control device and especially the program and function of an operating interface were lucubrated in this thesis.
The experiment part of the thesis introduces the experiment result of testing main function of the control device, which testified the feasibility of the hardware and software design. Additionally, we made use of the APF equipment carried out some experiments include compensation capability, boosting control of DC side, control scheme of APF as well as join the system lasting out 24 hours, which proved the equipment can almost compensate harmonics under 25 times of power system.
引文
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[3] 程浩忠，电力系统谐波技术，上海交通大学出版社，1998．7
[4] H. Sasaki & T. Machida、"A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Flux Compensation-Consideration on Basic Design", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems、May 1971、Vol. 90、No. 5、PP. 2009～2019
[5] 王晓雷，高压逆变器主回路拓扑结构的研究，郑州纺织工学院学报，1999年6月，第10卷第2期
[6] 王广柱，洪春梅 多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压的平衡与控制《电力系统自动化》2002．1．
[7] 刘刚，张爱萍 大功率变频调速技术的现状与发展趋势，《鞍钢技术》1999．5．
[8] 李永东，倚鹏，大功率高性能逆变器技术发展综述，《电气传动》2000．6．
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[10] 费万民，姚文熙 吕征宇，吴兆麟等，中高压变频调速技术综述，《电力电子技术》2002．4．
[11] A. Nabae, A. etal. A New Nrutral-clamped PWM Inverter. IAS'80:761～766
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[13] 刘文华，胡雨辰．刘炳等，IGCT和IEGT—适用于STATCOM的新型大功率开关器件，电力系统自动化，Dec．10，2000．Pages：66-70；
[14] 徐永海，肖湘宁，杨以涵、“电力系统谐波与无功功率综合补偿方式的研究”、电力系统及其自动化学报、1999．8、Vol．11、No．3、PP．28～33
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[16] 彭春萍 “基于DSP的串联型电能质量调节器的研究”，武汉大学硕士学位论文，2003．6
[17] 杨君，王兆安、“三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究”、电工技术学报、1995．5、Vol．10、No．2、PP．43～48
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[19] 杨君，王兆安，邱关源、“不对称三相电路谐波及基波负序电流实时检测方法研究”、西安交通大学学报、1996．3、Vol．30、No．3、PP．94～99
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[22] 王卫勤，刘汉奎，徐殿国、“电力有源滤波器控制回路补偿参考电流的一种检测方法”、电工技术学报、1999．2、Vol．14、No．1、PP．68～72
[23] 罗世国，侯振程、“一种谐波及无功电流的自适应检测方法”、电工技术学报、1993．7、Vol．8、No．3、PP．42～46
[24] 吴洪洋、何湘宁、“级联型多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究”、中国电机工程学报、2001．8、Vol．21、No．8、PP．42～46
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[29] Xiaoming Yuan; Barbi, I. ;A new diode clamping multilevel inverter. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1999. APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual. Volume: 1, 14-18 March 1999 Pages:495-501 vol. 1
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