基于DSP的三电平SVPWM逆变器的研究
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摘要
多电平逆变器由于具有效率高动态性能好，对电动机产生的谐波较少，适合高压大容量等优点，在高压大容量交流调速领域得到了广泛的运用。本文对多电平变换器的控制技术和装置的发展应用进行了综述，研究了多电平变换器的发展前景。论文首先详细地介绍了两电平逆变器的工作原理，并在此基础上研究了三电平逆变器中空间电压矢量调制技术的基本原理，分析了空间电压矢量调制算法相对于其它方法的优点。同时研究了三电平逆变器的工作原理，重点详细分析了三电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡问题的产生。对三电平逆变器空间电压矢量调制算法进行了改进，并详细推导了该调制算法的计算公式，分析并绘制了所有三角形区域内各相输出电压波形，对开关矢量作了有利于中点电压控制的优化，结合中点电位控制来确定开关矢量的作用顺序，使仿真和实现都比较容易。并采用了中点电位平衡的新方法，使三电平逆变器转化为传统的两电平逆变器，使控制更加方便，实现容易。最后采用MATLAB仿真软件对所推导的三电平逆变器SVPWM调制算法进行了仿真分析，证明了该调制算法的正确性。
另外，采用TI公司的TMS320LF2407数字信号处理器作为信号处理器件，完成了大部分软件的编制，通过评估板获得了触发脉冲，并完成了系统硬件电路的设计。
Because of having the high and dynamic function of efficiency, pro-ducing less harmonic wave to electric motor, and suiting high-performance voltage large capacity, multilevel inverters are applied in high-voltage and high-power applications. This paper overviews the controlling technique and the device's development of the multilevel inverters, studies the development foreground of multilevel inverters.
The thesis introduces work principle of two levels inverters in detail, studies the principle of the voltage vector modulating technique, analyzes the advantage of the voltage vector modulating calculation comparing with other means. The neutral-point balancing problem of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter has received a large amount of attention in recent years. This paper mainly introducesa new way of balancing the neutral-point voltage. Multilevel inverters offer the advantage of effectively stacking the switching devices in series, thereby providing a higher dc-bus voltage than can be obtained by conventional techniques .At the same time, the harmonic content ofthe output voltage waveform is significantly reduced compared to con-ventionaltwo-level inverters .At last we simulate the SVPWM modulating means of three-level inverters by MATLAB, and prove the correction of modulating means.
What is more, this paper introduces the TMS320F2407 DSP (TI), and completes the designation of the system hardware by the TMS320F2407 DSP.
另外，采用TI公司的TMS320LF2407数字信号处理器作为信号处理器件，完成了大部分软件的编制，通过评估板获得了触发脉冲，并完成了系统硬件电路的设计。
Because of having the high and dynamic function of efficiency, pro-ducing less harmonic wave to electric motor, and suiting high-performance voltage large capacity, multilevel inverters are applied in high-voltage and high-power applications. This paper overviews the controlling technique and the device's development of the multilevel inverters, studies the development foreground of multilevel inverters.
The thesis introduces work principle of two levels inverters in detail, studies the principle of the voltage vector modulating technique, analyzes the advantage of the voltage vector modulating calculation comparing with other means. The neutral-point balancing problem of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter has received a large amount of attention in recent years. This paper mainly introducesa new way of balancing the neutral-point voltage. Multilevel inverters offer the advantage of effectively stacking the switching devices in series, thereby providing a higher dc-bus voltage than can be obtained by conventional techniques .At the same time, the harmonic content ofthe output voltage waveform is significantly reduced compared to con-ventionaltwo-level inverters .At last we simulate the SVPWM modulating means of three-level inverters by MATLAB, and prove the correction of modulating means.
What is more, this paper introduces the TMS320F2407 DSP (TI), and completes the designation of the system hardware by the TMS320F2407 DSP.
引文
[1] 张贤，邹云屏，胡坚刚等．三相辅助二极管谐振极逆变器的研究．通信电源技术．2002，21(1)：19-22
[2] Jie Zhang, Yunping Zou, Xian Zhang. Study on a Modified MultilevelCascade InveTter with Hybrid Modulation. Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2001 Proceedings 2001 4th IEEE International Conference on, 2001, 31 (1): 379-383
[3] 丁凯．级连多电平功率变换技术研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文]武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001，34-41
[4] 冯垛生，曾岳南．无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践．北京：机械工业出版社，1996，3-8
[5] Heinz Willi Van, Hans-Christon Skudelny.Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage space vector. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 1988, 24 (1): 142-150
[6] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1995, 89-103
[7] 钟彦儒，高永军，曾光．采用空间电压矢量PWM方法三电平逆变器研究．电力电子技术，2000，20(1)：10-13
[8] 钟述文．电压矢量“等效”三电平PWM变频调速原理．电气传动，1998，19(4)：7-11
[9] H.T.Mouton.Natural balancing of three-level neutral-point-clamped PWM inverters.Trans. Power Electron, 2002, 29(4): 1017-1025
[10] 王志泳，刘文华，詹长江．三电平变流器脉冲发生器的研制．电力系统自动化，2000, 40(15)：23-26
[11] 詹长江，韩郁，赵良炳．基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究．电工技术学报，1999，30(2)：1-7
[12] Yo-Han Lee Bum-Seok Sub, and Dong-Seok Hyufl.A novel PWM scheme for a three-level voltage source inverter with GTO thyristors IEEE Trans, 1996, 32(2): 260-268
[13] N.Celanovix and D.Boroyevich.A comprehensive study of neutral-point voltage balancing problem in three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters.IEEE Trans Ind. 2000, 36(5): 1336-1341
[14] 宁改娣，杨拴科，DSP控制器原理及应用，北京：科学出版社，2002, 76-89
[15] Y. Zhao and T.A. Lipo, Modeling and Control of a Multi-Phase Induction
Machine with Structural Unbalance, Part Ⅱ: Field-Oriented Control and Experimental Verification, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, 1996, 11(3): 578-584
[16] Hamid A. Toliyat, Analysis and simulation of five-phase variable speed induction motor drives under asymmetrical connections, IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1998, 13(4): 748-756
[17] 李永东．交流电机数字控制系统．北京：机械工业出版社，2002, 177-184
[18] 章云，谢莉萍．DSP控制器及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001，152-187
[19] 黄英哲，董胜源．TMS320C240原理与C语言控制应用实习．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003，183-204
[20] 刘和平．TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002，185-206
[21] 杨勇．DSP控制器——数字信号处理数据手册．武汉：武汉力源电子股份有限公司出版，2000，35-43．
[22] 朱秋花SPWM高频逆变电源数字控制的研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文]武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001，41-52．
[23] 程善美等．空间矢量PWM的仿真．微电机，2002, 35(8)：24-29
[24] 王长兵．空间矢量PWM的快速算法．佳木斯学报，2002，34(10)：54-58
[25] 陈伯时．电力拖动自动控制系统(第2版)．北京：机械工业出版社，1995，234-256
[26] 郭卫衣，陈坚．电压型逆变器输出波形控制技术通信电源技术．2001，69(3)：5-9
[27] Dante Casini, Mdrio Machesoni, Luciano Puglisi. Sliding mode multilevel control forimproved performances in power conditioning systems.IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(4): 453-463
[28] L.M.T.G.Habetler.Novel multilevel inverter carrier-Based PWM methods.in:ConferenceRecordofIAS'98.St.Louis, MO, USA.1998, 45 (2): 1424-1431
[29] Celanovlc. N, Boroyevlch. D. A fast space-vector modulation algorithm for multilevel three-phase converters.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 2001, 37 (2) :637-641
[30] H.du Toit Mouton. Natural balancing of three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverters, IEEE trans. on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 10(5):1017-1025
[31] Jerry ThunesRussel Kerkman, David Schlesel, and Timothy Rowan. Current regulator instabilities on parallel voltage-source inverters. IEEE, Transactlon on
Industry Application, 1999, 35 (1) :70-77
[32] M.Gonbu.Paraller operation techniques of GTO inverter sets for large motor drives. 1983, IEEE, 19 (2): 198-205
[33] R.Sommer, A.Mertens, C.Brunotte.Medium voltage drive system with NPC three-level inverter using IGBTs. The Institution of Electric Engineers, 2000, 25 (2) :31-35
[34] JiSheng Lai, Fang Zheng Peng. Multilevel converter-a new bread of power converter.IEEE, Trans, on Industrial Applications, 1996, 32 (5):509-514
[35] Ginsepper Carrara. A new multilevel PWM method: a theoretical analysis. IEEE Trans, On power, electionics, 1992, 17 (3) :497-505
[36] Mennes. R. R. Five-level GTO inverter for larger inductors motor drivers. IEEE Trans, on Industrial Applications, 1994, 30 (4):938-943
[37] Jurgen. K, Sternke .Switching frequency optimal PWM control of a threelevel inverter.IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, 1996, 7 (3): 487-496
[38] J. Shen, and N. Butterworth. Analysis and design of a three-level PWM converter system for railway-traction applications, IEEE Pro. Electr, Power Appl, 1997, 144 (5) :357-371
[39] Josep Pou. New feedforward space-vector PWM method to obtain balanced AC output voltages in a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped converter.IEEE Trans, on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 9 (5) :1026-1035
[40] Steffen Bernet.Recent developments of high power converters for industry and traction application. IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, 2000, 15 (6): 1102-1117
[41] Jie zhang. High performation control of a three-level IGBT inverter fed ac drive. Industry applications conference record of the 1995 IEEE, 1995, 16 (1) :22-28
[42] B.Kaku, I.Miyashita, S.Sone.Switching loss minimized space vector PWM method for IGBT yhree-level inverter .IEEE Proc, Electr.Power , 1997, 144 (4) :182-190
[43] 庄朗辉，熊有伦．一种简单的三电平逆变器PWM控制算法．电工技术学报，2001，20(4)：46-50
[44] M.Tolbert, Fang zheng peng , and Thomas G.Habelteler.Multilevel converters for large electric drives .IEEE Trans on IA, 1999, 35 (1) :36-43
[2] Jie Zhang, Yunping Zou, Xian Zhang. Study on a Modified MultilevelCascade InveTter with Hybrid Modulation. Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2001 Proceedings 2001 4th IEEE International Conference on, 2001, 31 (1): 379-383
[3] 丁凯．级连多电平功率变换技术研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文]武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001，34-41
[4] 冯垛生，曾岳南．无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践．北京：机械工业出版社，1996，3-8
[5] Heinz Willi Van, Hans-Christon Skudelny.Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage space vector. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 1988, 24 (1): 142-150
[6] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1995, 89-103
[7] 钟彦儒，高永军，曾光．采用空间电压矢量PWM方法三电平逆变器研究．电力电子技术，2000，20(1)：10-13
[8] 钟述文．电压矢量“等效”三电平PWM变频调速原理．电气传动，1998，19(4)：7-11
[9] H.T.Mouton.Natural balancing of three-level neutral-point-clamped PWM inverters.Trans. Power Electron, 2002, 29(4): 1017-1025
[10] 王志泳，刘文华，詹长江．三电平变流器脉冲发生器的研制．电力系统自动化，2000, 40(15)：23-26
[11] 詹长江，韩郁，赵良炳．基于电压空间矢量PWM脉宽调制方式的新型三电平高频整流器研究．电工技术学报，1999，30(2)：1-7
[12] Yo-Han Lee Bum-Seok Sub, and Dong-Seok Hyufl.A novel PWM scheme for a three-level voltage source inverter with GTO thyristors IEEE Trans, 1996, 32(2): 260-268
[13] N.Celanovix and D.Boroyevich.A comprehensive study of neutral-point voltage balancing problem in three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters.IEEE Trans Ind. 2000, 36(5): 1336-1341
[14] 宁改娣，杨拴科，DSP控制器原理及应用，北京：科学出版社，2002, 76-89
[15] Y. Zhao and T.A. Lipo, Modeling and Control of a Multi-Phase Induction
Machine with Structural Unbalance, Part Ⅱ: Field-Oriented Control and Experimental Verification, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, 1996, 11(3): 578-584
[16] Hamid A. Toliyat, Analysis and simulation of five-phase variable speed induction motor drives under asymmetrical connections, IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1998, 13(4): 748-756
[17] 李永东．交流电机数字控制系统．北京：机械工业出版社，2002, 177-184
[18] 章云，谢莉萍．DSP控制器及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001，152-187
[19] 黄英哲，董胜源．TMS320C240原理与C语言控制应用实习．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003，183-204
[20] 刘和平．TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002，185-206
[21] 杨勇．DSP控制器——数字信号处理数据手册．武汉：武汉力源电子股份有限公司出版，2000，35-43．
[22] 朱秋花SPWM高频逆变电源数字控制的研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文]武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001，41-52．
[23] 程善美等．空间矢量PWM的仿真．微电机，2002, 35(8)：24-29
[24] 王长兵．空间矢量PWM的快速算法．佳木斯学报，2002，34(10)：54-58
[25] 陈伯时．电力拖动自动控制系统(第2版)．北京：机械工业出版社，1995，234-256
[26] 郭卫衣，陈坚．电压型逆变器输出波形控制技术通信电源技术．2001，69(3)：5-9
[27] Dante Casini, Mdrio Machesoni, Luciano Puglisi. Sliding mode multilevel control forimproved performances in power conditioning systems.IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(4): 453-463
[28] L.M.T.G.Habetler.Novel multilevel inverter carrier-Based PWM methods.in:ConferenceRecordofIAS'98.St.Louis, MO, USA.1998, 45 (2): 1424-1431
[29] Celanovlc. N, Boroyevlch. D. A fast space-vector modulation algorithm for multilevel three-phase converters.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 2001, 37 (2) :637-641
[30] H.du Toit Mouton. Natural balancing of three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverters, IEEE trans. on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 10(5):1017-1025
[31] Jerry ThunesRussel Kerkman, David Schlesel, and Timothy Rowan. Current regulator instabilities on parallel voltage-source inverters. IEEE, Transactlon on
Industry Application, 1999, 35 (1) :70-77
[32] M.Gonbu.Paraller operation techniques of GTO inverter sets for large motor drives. 1983, IEEE, 19 (2): 198-205
[33] R.Sommer, A.Mertens, C.Brunotte.Medium voltage drive system with NPC three-level inverter using IGBTs. The Institution of Electric Engineers, 2000, 25 (2) :31-35
[34] JiSheng Lai, Fang Zheng Peng. Multilevel converter-a new bread of power converter.IEEE, Trans, on Industrial Applications, 1996, 32 (5):509-514
[35] Ginsepper Carrara. A new multilevel PWM method: a theoretical analysis. IEEE Trans, On power, electionics, 1992, 17 (3) :497-505
[36] Mennes. R. R. Five-level GTO inverter for larger inductors motor drivers. IEEE Trans, on Industrial Applications, 1994, 30 (4):938-943
[37] Jurgen. K, Sternke .Switching frequency optimal PWM control of a threelevel inverter.IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, 1996, 7 (3): 487-496
[38] J. Shen, and N. Butterworth. Analysis and design of a three-level PWM converter system for railway-traction applications, IEEE Pro. Electr, Power Appl, 1997, 144 (5) :357-371
[39] Josep Pou. New feedforward space-vector PWM method to obtain balanced AC output voltages in a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped converter.IEEE Trans, on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 9 (5) :1026-1035
[40] Steffen Bernet.Recent developments of high power converters for industry and traction application. IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, 2000, 15 (6): 1102-1117
[41] Jie zhang. High performation control of a three-level IGBT inverter fed ac drive. Industry applications conference record of the 1995 IEEE, 1995, 16 (1) :22-28
[42] B.Kaku, I.Miyashita, S.Sone.Switching loss minimized space vector PWM method for IGBT yhree-level inverter .IEEE Proc, Electr.Power , 1997, 144 (4) :182-190
[43] 庄朗辉，熊有伦．一种简单的三电平逆变器PWM控制算法．电工技术学报，2001，20(4)：46-50
[44] M.Tolbert, Fang zheng peng , and Thomas G.Habelteler.Multilevel converters for large electric drives .IEEE Trans on IA, 1999, 35 (1) :36-43