磁致伸缩直线位移传感器弹性波机理研究
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摘要
磁致伸缩直线位移传感器是一种利用磁致伸缩效应及逆磁致伸缩效应实现位移测量的传感器。国内外该种传感器的研究大多集中于材料制备、基础材料理论、系统集成等方面,而对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的基础理论研究尚处于起步阶段。
本研究通过对电磁学、力学、磁固体力学、信号学、计算机仿真、数值分析、计算机控制等多学科相关知识进行综合应用,研究传感器中弹性波的产生机理；在非线性耦合理论框架下,利用有限元分析手段,解决多场耦合作用下的非线性问题；通过数值分析手段,结合实验研究,获得磁致伸缩线材上的磁场分布特性,建立激励源分布场与弹性波信号波形之间的关系。针对影响传感器性能的易磁化方向、固支波、磁致伸缩材料结构等问题进行理论研究和实验验证。研究对于提高传感器性能指标具有积极的意义。
论文第一章介绍磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的研究背景,对比了国内外研究现状和研究热点,论述了本课题的研究内容和研究意义。
论文第二章介绍与磁致伸缩直线位移传感器相关的基础理论知识和基本概念,对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器弹性波机理研究的问题进行了闸述,构建了弹性波相关理论模型,建立了激励磁场分布特性与磁致伸缩分布特性、应力场分布特性之间的关系。
论文第三章对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的关键部件,以及影响传感器的相关技术参量进行实验测试和相关理论的讨论。研究对激励源激励方式进行理论分析和实验测试；并通过计算机仿真及数值计算方法,获得线材内部的磁场分布数据；对检测系统的振荡现象进行分析讨论,对所采集信号进行了频谱分析,给出所采集信号的信号特征；对本文所使用线材的弹性波波速进行实验研究和数据测定。
论文第四章构建了磁致伸缩直线位移传感器系统实验及评估平台,采用了实验研究确定的相关参数,将仿真计算所得的磁致伸缩线材内部的分布磁场数据,应用于所构建的激励源相关模型,对激励源分布参数进行计算和分析,建立力学、磁学分布特性与弹性波波形特性之间的对应关系,以验证传感器系统模型的合理性。并对影响传感器系统性能的易磁化方向、固支波及磁致伸缩线材结构等因素进行分析、讨论和评估。
论文第五章对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的现阶段研究进行了总结,概括了本课题阶段性研究成果,讨论了现有研究中存在的问题和进一步研究的方案和课题。
论文提出的激励源合成模型和磁极化强度模型解释了磁致伸缩直线位移传感器输入量与输出信号间的关系问题,通过计算机仿真和数值分析所得数据,对模型的合理性进行了验证,并通过大量的实验研究获得了传感器中的关键技术参数。
Magnetostrictive linear position sensor is a kind of sensor with magnetostrictive effect and inverse magnetostrictive effect. At present, both at home and abroad, the theories and practices on this kind of sensor were focused largely on material preparation, basic materials theory, systems integration etc, but rather the lack of researches on the basis theory of the sensor system.
In order to explain the generation mechanism of elastic wave in the sensor system, multi-disciplinary application of knowledge were utilized, such as magnetic, mechanical, electrical, signal, computer simulation, numerical analysis, computer control, and so on. Within the framework of nonlinear coupling theory, the nonlinear problem of multi-field coupling effect was discussed using finite element analysis. The magnetic field distribution data of magnetostrictive line was obtained and the relationship between impulse source and elastic waves were constructed and discussed with the help of numerical analysis and the data from experiments. The easy magnetization direction, fixed end wave and the structure of sensor line were studied, which affect the performance of the sensor system. The study has positive influence on the enhancement of the performance of the sensor.
ChapterⅠis an introduction on issues of the background and object of research, content, significance, methods and structure of the framework.
In chapterⅡ, basic theories and concepts of magnetostrictive linear position sensor were described, and the research approaches and relative results associated with the magnetostrictive linear position sensor were introduced, which provided theoretical support for further relevant models discussed. Based on the basic theories and previous works, theory models of elastic wave were constructed, which explained the mechanism of elastic wave. The relationship between magnetic field and characteristics of elastic waveform, the stress field and the distribution of the magnetostriction were discussed.
In chapterⅢ, the important components and key parameters of the magnetostrictive line sensor were studied with special experiments and relative theories. The parameters of the impulse source were delimited based on abundant of experiments and theories. The circumference magnetic field and the permanent magnetic field were detected and analyzed, and further more magnetic field distribution data in the magnetostrictive line were calculated with computer simulation and numerical calculation method. The oscillation phenomena of detecting system were discussed and spectral analyses of collected signals reveal the characteristic of signals in the sensor. Finally, the elastic wave velocity of the material we used was measured with special experiment system.
In chapterⅣ, Experimental and assessment platform of the magnetostrictive line position sensor were designed and implemented, using the definite values of impulse source, signal detection and position calculation studied in chapterⅢ. The distribution data of impulse source were calculated and analyzed based on relative mathematic models established, using the magnetic field distribution data inside the material of magnetostrictive line of the sensor, which resulted from experiments, ANSYS simulation platform and numerical analysis methods. And the relationship between impulse source and the distribution characteristics of stress field, magnetic field and magnetostrictive field were discussed to prove the rationality of the established mathematic model. On the assessment platform, the easy magnetization direction, fixed end wave and the structure of sensor line were studied, which affect the performance of the sensor system.
Finally, in chapter V, the research achievements in present phase of the magnetostrictive position line sensor were summarized and the problems existed in the study at present are put forward, as well as the future research orientation.
The theory models of elastic waves explained the relationship between input parameters and output signals in the magnetostrictive line sensor. The rationality of the models can be proved with the data resulted from simulated and numerical analyzed. The key parameters of the sensor are discussed by lots of experiments in this paper.
本研究通过对电磁学、力学、磁固体力学、信号学、计算机仿真、数值分析、计算机控制等多学科相关知识进行综合应用,研究传感器中弹性波的产生机理；在非线性耦合理论框架下,利用有限元分析手段,解决多场耦合作用下的非线性问题；通过数值分析手段,结合实验研究,获得磁致伸缩线材上的磁场分布特性,建立激励源分布场与弹性波信号波形之间的关系。针对影响传感器性能的易磁化方向、固支波、磁致伸缩材料结构等问题进行理论研究和实验验证。研究对于提高传感器性能指标具有积极的意义。
论文第一章介绍磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的研究背景,对比了国内外研究现状和研究热点,论述了本课题的研究内容和研究意义。
论文第二章介绍与磁致伸缩直线位移传感器相关的基础理论知识和基本概念,对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器弹性波机理研究的问题进行了闸述,构建了弹性波相关理论模型,建立了激励磁场分布特性与磁致伸缩分布特性、应力场分布特性之间的关系。
论文第三章对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的关键部件,以及影响传感器的相关技术参量进行实验测试和相关理论的讨论。研究对激励源激励方式进行理论分析和实验测试；并通过计算机仿真及数值计算方法,获得线材内部的磁场分布数据；对检测系统的振荡现象进行分析讨论,对所采集信号进行了频谱分析,给出所采集信号的信号特征；对本文所使用线材的弹性波波速进行实验研究和数据测定。
论文第四章构建了磁致伸缩直线位移传感器系统实验及评估平台,采用了实验研究确定的相关参数,将仿真计算所得的磁致伸缩线材内部的分布磁场数据,应用于所构建的激励源相关模型,对激励源分布参数进行计算和分析,建立力学、磁学分布特性与弹性波波形特性之间的对应关系,以验证传感器系统模型的合理性。并对影响传感器系统性能的易磁化方向、固支波及磁致伸缩线材结构等因素进行分析、讨论和评估。
论文第五章对磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的现阶段研究进行了总结,概括了本课题阶段性研究成果,讨论了现有研究中存在的问题和进一步研究的方案和课题。
论文提出的激励源合成模型和磁极化强度模型解释了磁致伸缩直线位移传感器输入量与输出信号间的关系问题,通过计算机仿真和数值分析所得数据,对模型的合理性进行了验证,并通过大量的实验研究获得了传感器中的关键技术参数。
Magnetostrictive linear position sensor is a kind of sensor with magnetostrictive effect and inverse magnetostrictive effect. At present, both at home and abroad, the theories and practices on this kind of sensor were focused largely on material preparation, basic materials theory, systems integration etc, but rather the lack of researches on the basis theory of the sensor system.
In order to explain the generation mechanism of elastic wave in the sensor system, multi-disciplinary application of knowledge were utilized, such as magnetic, mechanical, electrical, signal, computer simulation, numerical analysis, computer control, and so on. Within the framework of nonlinear coupling theory, the nonlinear problem of multi-field coupling effect was discussed using finite element analysis. The magnetic field distribution data of magnetostrictive line was obtained and the relationship between impulse source and elastic waves were constructed and discussed with the help of numerical analysis and the data from experiments. The easy magnetization direction, fixed end wave and the structure of sensor line were studied, which affect the performance of the sensor system. The study has positive influence on the enhancement of the performance of the sensor.
ChapterⅠis an introduction on issues of the background and object of research, content, significance, methods and structure of the framework.
In chapterⅡ, basic theories and concepts of magnetostrictive linear position sensor were described, and the research approaches and relative results associated with the magnetostrictive linear position sensor were introduced, which provided theoretical support for further relevant models discussed. Based on the basic theories and previous works, theory models of elastic wave were constructed, which explained the mechanism of elastic wave. The relationship between magnetic field and characteristics of elastic waveform, the stress field and the distribution of the magnetostriction were discussed.
In chapterⅢ, the important components and key parameters of the magnetostrictive line sensor were studied with special experiments and relative theories. The parameters of the impulse source were delimited based on abundant of experiments and theories. The circumference magnetic field and the permanent magnetic field were detected and analyzed, and further more magnetic field distribution data in the magnetostrictive line were calculated with computer simulation and numerical calculation method. The oscillation phenomena of detecting system were discussed and spectral analyses of collected signals reveal the characteristic of signals in the sensor. Finally, the elastic wave velocity of the material we used was measured with special experiment system.
In chapterⅣ, Experimental and assessment platform of the magnetostrictive line position sensor were designed and implemented, using the definite values of impulse source, signal detection and position calculation studied in chapterⅢ. The distribution data of impulse source were calculated and analyzed based on relative mathematic models established, using the magnetic field distribution data inside the material of magnetostrictive line of the sensor, which resulted from experiments, ANSYS simulation platform and numerical analysis methods. And the relationship between impulse source and the distribution characteristics of stress field, magnetic field and magnetostrictive field were discussed to prove the rationality of the established mathematic model. On the assessment platform, the easy magnetization direction, fixed end wave and the structure of sensor line were studied, which affect the performance of the sensor system.
Finally, in chapter V, the research achievements in present phase of the magnetostrictive position line sensor were summarized and the problems existed in the study at present are put forward, as well as the future research orientation.
The theory models of elastic waves explained the relationship between input parameters and output signals in the magnetostrictive line sensor. The rationality of the models can be proved with the data resulted from simulated and numerical analyzed. The key parameters of the sensor are discussed by lots of experiments in this paper.
引文
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