基于DSP的超声波风速风标测量系统研究
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摘要
软测量技术刚刚兴起,利用超声波进行风速风标测量的系统现如今还不成熟,许多问题有待解决。当超声波在空气中传播时,由于受到风速的影响,顺风和逆风的情况下会产生一个可以测量的时间差。因此,基于这个原理制成的时差法超声波风速测量仪表,具有精度高、可靠性强、集成度高等优点。超声波风速风标仪表与传统的机械式仪表、电磁式仪表相比,具有安装简单、维护方便,不需要考虑机械磨损、精度较高,不需要人为的参与、并且可完全智能化的优势。
TMS320F2812作为32位的微处理器,具有丰富的片上资源,高达150M的系统时钟,而且功耗很小,适合作为智能仪表的核心处理器。本文研究了基于TMS320F2812的风速风标测量系统,可以实现风速的测量、风向的辨别、显示以及与上位机之间的通信等功能。
系统硬件电路采用模块化进行设计,这种思想大大简化了系统硬件电路设计的复杂性,增强了系统的稳定性与可靠性。系统硬件电路包括超声波的发射模块、超声波的接收模块、显示模块以及与上位机通信模块。另外,根据超声波信号的特点,选用CX20106集成电路,在准确判断超声波到达时间的问题上有所改进。
系统软件设计采用了模块化设计方法,增强了软件的可移植性、可读性和稳定性。软件采用C语言与汇编语言混合编程。C语言具有编程简单,可以移植等优点,但是产生代码较长,对硬件的直接控制能力相对较弱;汇编语言产生的代码较小,控制硬件灵活,但是可读性差,移植困难,因此为了发挥各自优点,产生高速度、高效率的代码混合编程是最好的选择。
文章最后进行了对比实验和误差分析进而得出结论。
There are many advantages when ultrasonic is utilized to measure the velocity and vane of the wind. The ultrasonic velocity, influenced by the wind speed, could show a measurable difference when it transmits in the direction of forward flow or in the opposite flow. An ultrasonic anemometer and vane based on the theory was developed, with the superiorities of high precision, high dependability and high integration. Possessing the merits of simple installation, easy maintenance, no mechanical wear, high precision, no participation of man and complete intellectualization, compared to traditional mechanical or electromagnetic instrumentations. The proficient technique has not been widely used in related scale. There are many problems to be researched.
TMS320F2812 is a 32bit microprocessor with abundant on-chip resources, and its handling capacity is up to 150M with low power consumption. It is suitable to make up an intelligent instrumentation. Therefore, the ultrasonic wind velocity and vane measurement system based on TMS320F2812 was researched in this study. The multiple variables including wind velocity and vane detection, display and communicate with PC by serial interface were discussed.
The system hardware was modularly designed, and as a result, the complexity of complicacy system hardware design was predigested, while the system stabilization and reliability were enhanced. Considering the characteristics of ultrasonic signals, CX20106 was chosen to determine the arrival time of ultrasonic signals.
The system software was modularly designed as well, and its portability, readability and stabilization were developed. Software was programmed by a mixing of both C language and assembly language. C language has the advantages of simple programming and good portability, however, the code generated is relatively longer, and the control power to hardware is not so satisfied. On the other hand, assembly language is just of the opposite quality: shorter code, better control to hardware, yet the programming are complex. In order to integrate the virtues of C and assembler language, mixed programming is the best way to achieve the goal of high speed and maximum code efficiency.
At the end of the thesis, a contrastive experiment was completed and the system error analysis was given. Then a conclusion is drawn.
TMS320F2812作为32位的微处理器,具有丰富的片上资源,高达150M的系统时钟,而且功耗很小,适合作为智能仪表的核心处理器。本文研究了基于TMS320F2812的风速风标测量系统,可以实现风速的测量、风向的辨别、显示以及与上位机之间的通信等功能。
系统硬件电路采用模块化进行设计,这种思想大大简化了系统硬件电路设计的复杂性,增强了系统的稳定性与可靠性。系统硬件电路包括超声波的发射模块、超声波的接收模块、显示模块以及与上位机通信模块。另外,根据超声波信号的特点,选用CX20106集成电路,在准确判断超声波到达时间的问题上有所改进。
系统软件设计采用了模块化设计方法,增强了软件的可移植性、可读性和稳定性。软件采用C语言与汇编语言混合编程。C语言具有编程简单,可以移植等优点,但是产生代码较长,对硬件的直接控制能力相对较弱;汇编语言产生的代码较小,控制硬件灵活,但是可读性差,移植困难,因此为了发挥各自优点,产生高速度、高效率的代码混合编程是最好的选择。
文章最后进行了对比实验和误差分析进而得出结论。
There are many advantages when ultrasonic is utilized to measure the velocity and vane of the wind. The ultrasonic velocity, influenced by the wind speed, could show a measurable difference when it transmits in the direction of forward flow or in the opposite flow. An ultrasonic anemometer and vane based on the theory was developed, with the superiorities of high precision, high dependability and high integration. Possessing the merits of simple installation, easy maintenance, no mechanical wear, high precision, no participation of man and complete intellectualization, compared to traditional mechanical or electromagnetic instrumentations. The proficient technique has not been widely used in related scale. There are many problems to be researched.
TMS320F2812 is a 32bit microprocessor with abundant on-chip resources, and its handling capacity is up to 150M with low power consumption. It is suitable to make up an intelligent instrumentation. Therefore, the ultrasonic wind velocity and vane measurement system based on TMS320F2812 was researched in this study. The multiple variables including wind velocity and vane detection, display and communicate with PC by serial interface were discussed.
The system hardware was modularly designed, and as a result, the complexity of complicacy system hardware design was predigested, while the system stabilization and reliability were enhanced. Considering the characteristics of ultrasonic signals, CX20106 was chosen to determine the arrival time of ultrasonic signals.
The system software was modularly designed as well, and its portability, readability and stabilization were developed. Software was programmed by a mixing of both C language and assembly language. C language has the advantages of simple programming and good portability, however, the code generated is relatively longer, and the control power to hardware is not so satisfied. On the other hand, assembly language is just of the opposite quality: shorter code, better control to hardware, yet the programming are complex. In order to integrate the virtues of C and assembler language, mixed programming is the best way to achieve the goal of high speed and maximum code efficiency.
At the end of the thesis, a contrastive experiment was completed and the system error analysis was given. Then a conclusion is drawn.
引文
[1]李海青,黄志尧.软测量技术原理及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[2]俞金寿.软测量技术及其应用[J].自动化仪表,2008,(1):1-7
[3]李福进,孙福兆.软测量技术的发展及其应用[J].公路交通科技,2008,(11):99-101
[4]王傲胜,魏波.智能化电子仪器仪表研制[J].计测技术,2004,(7):6-7
[5]Mohajer Kim.ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERS[J].Proeeedings of the International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement,1983:422-424
[6]蒲诚.超声波气体流量计伪码相关测量技术的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005
[7]Ying Zheng.Ultrasonic measurement of gas flow using electrostatic transducers[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2003,8(2):137-140
[8]张俊.基于DSP的超声波流量计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[9]黄建军.关于改进超声波流量计性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2002
[10]阮建富.基于回振法的超声波传播时间测量方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[11]元月刚.双频超声波多普勒流量计的研究与设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[12]丁丽品.基于DSP技术的超声波多普勒流量计的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2002
[13]仪器仪表电器.http://www.con-sen.com/type/meter.html
[14]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军等.声学理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[15]王莹.高精度超声波测距仪的研究设计[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[16]潘仲明.大量程超声波测距系统研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006
[17]张卫东,张圣训.超声换能器驱动电路的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,1993,(4):27-29
[18]过元恺.压电式换能器[J].电子技术,1980,(10):32-38
[19]张静,董胜林.空气中应用的超声波换能器[J].换能器技术,1993,(6):31-33
[20]李广峰,刘防,高勇.时差法超声波流量计的研究[J].电测与仪表,2000,(9):13-16
[21]王伯雄.测试技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[22]陈非凡.工程测试技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[23]章云,谢莉萍,熊红艳.DSP控制器及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[24]苏涛,吴顺君等.高性能DSP与高速实时信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[25]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等.DSP实用技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[26]颜友钧,朱宇光.DSP应用技术教程[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[27]徐科军,黄云志.定点DSP的原理、开发与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[28]雷勇.DSP系统设计与实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[29]江思敏.TMS320C2000系列DSP开发应用技巧-重点与难点剖析(TI-DSP系列开发应用技巧丛书)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated.Digital Signal Processing Selection Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2008
[31]宁改娣,杨栓科.DSP控制器原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[32]张卫宁.TMS320C2000系列DSPs原理及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[33]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS32OC2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[34]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU与外设[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[35]许守群.超声波换能器优化设计[J].数理统计与管理,1987,(6):9-12.
[36]徐玮.一款基于51单片机的超声波学习板[J].无线电,2008, (7):79-82
[37]吴正友,邵家玉.基于两种协议的PC机与DSP之间串行通信的典型方法[J].微计算机信息(测控仪表自动化) ,2003, (10):1-5
[38]王炼红,章兢.TMS320F2812 DSP与PC机的串口通信设计[J].微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC) ,2006, 7Z:173-175
[39]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x DSP Serial Communication Interface (SCI) Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[40]陈汝全.微机接口技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1995
[41]施云贵,李艳,姜德龙等.带有串行接口的8位LED控制驱动器MAX7219的应用[J].吉林化工学院学报,2005,(1):27-29
[42]彭启琼,张诗雅,常冉.TIDSP集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[43]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TI DSP集成化开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[44]张雄伟.DSP集成开发与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[45]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[46]Texas Instruments Incorporated.Code Composer Studio Development Tools v3.3 Getting Started Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2006
[47]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[48]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[49]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x Boot Rom Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[50]李红,唐明新等.TMS320F2812定点DSP芯片的.cmd文件配置[J].仪器仪表用户,2004(5):54-56
[51]曹梦婷.基于TMS320F2812的数据采集及数字滤波[D].山西:中北大学,2008
[52]奚刚,吴清华.TMS320F2812内存管理与FLASH引导模式实现[J].现代电子技术,2007, 22:58-60
[53]Texas Instrument Incorporated.TMS320F2810, TMS320F2811, TMS320F2812, TMS320C2810, TMS320C2811, TMS320C2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[54]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[2]俞金寿.软测量技术及其应用[J].自动化仪表,2008,(1):1-7
[3]李福进,孙福兆.软测量技术的发展及其应用[J].公路交通科技,2008,(11):99-101
[4]王傲胜,魏波.智能化电子仪器仪表研制[J].计测技术,2004,(7):6-7
[5]Mohajer Kim.ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERS[J].Proeeedings of the International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement,1983:422-424
[6]蒲诚.超声波气体流量计伪码相关测量技术的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005
[7]Ying Zheng.Ultrasonic measurement of gas flow using electrostatic transducers[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2003,8(2):137-140
[8]张俊.基于DSP的超声波流量计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[9]黄建军.关于改进超声波流量计性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2002
[10]阮建富.基于回振法的超声波传播时间测量方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[11]元月刚.双频超声波多普勒流量计的研究与设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[12]丁丽品.基于DSP技术的超声波多普勒流量计的设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2002
[13]仪器仪表电器.http://www.con-sen.com/type/meter.html
[14]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军等.声学理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[15]王莹.高精度超声波测距仪的研究设计[D].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[16]潘仲明.大量程超声波测距系统研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006
[17]张卫东,张圣训.超声换能器驱动电路的设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,1993,(4):27-29
[18]过元恺.压电式换能器[J].电子技术,1980,(10):32-38
[19]张静,董胜林.空气中应用的超声波换能器[J].换能器技术,1993,(6):31-33
[20]李广峰,刘防,高勇.时差法超声波流量计的研究[J].电测与仪表,2000,(9):13-16
[21]王伯雄.测试技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[22]陈非凡.工程测试技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[23]章云,谢莉萍,熊红艳.DSP控制器及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[24]苏涛,吴顺君等.高性能DSP与高速实时信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[25]苏涛,蔺丽华,卢光跃等.DSP实用技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[26]颜友钧,朱宇光.DSP应用技术教程[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[27]徐科军,黄云志.定点DSP的原理、开发与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[28]雷勇.DSP系统设计与实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[29]江思敏.TMS320C2000系列DSP开发应用技巧-重点与难点剖析(TI-DSP系列开发应用技巧丛书)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated.Digital Signal Processing Selection Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2008
[31]宁改娣,杨栓科.DSP控制器原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[32]张卫宁.TMS320C2000系列DSPs原理及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[33]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS32OC2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[34]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU与外设[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[35]许守群.超声波换能器优化设计[J].数理统计与管理,1987,(6):9-12.
[36]徐玮.一款基于51单片机的超声波学习板[J].无线电,2008, (7):79-82
[37]吴正友,邵家玉.基于两种协议的PC机与DSP之间串行通信的典型方法[J].微计算机信息(测控仪表自动化) ,2003, (10):1-5
[38]王炼红,章兢.TMS320F2812 DSP与PC机的串口通信设计[J].微计算机信息(嵌入式与SOC) ,2006, 7Z:173-175
[39]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x DSP Serial Communication Interface (SCI) Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[40]陈汝全.微机接口技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1995
[41]施云贵,李艳,姜德龙等.带有串行接口的8位LED控制驱动器MAX7219的应用[J].吉林化工学院学报,2005,(1):27-29
[42]彭启琼,张诗雅,常冉.TIDSP集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[43]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TI DSP集成化开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[44]张雄伟.DSP集成开发与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[45]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[46]Texas Instruments Incorporated.Code Composer Studio Development Tools v3.3 Getting Started Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2006
[47]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[48]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[49]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x Boot Rom Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003
[50]李红,唐明新等.TMS320F2812定点DSP芯片的.cmd文件配置[J].仪器仪表用户,2004(5):54-56
[51]曹梦婷.基于TMS320F2812的数据采集及数字滤波[D].山西:中北大学,2008
[52]奚刚,吴清华.TMS320F2812内存管理与FLASH引导模式实现[J].现代电子技术,2007, 22:58-60
[53]Texas Instrument Incorporated.TMS320F2810, TMS320F2811, TMS320F2812, TMS320C2810, TMS320C2811, TMS320C2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[54]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TMS320F28x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide [DB/OL].Texas: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003