烟气脱硝技术在火电厂项目中的应用研究
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摘要
氮氧化物是大气主要污染物之一,是造成酸雨和光化学烟雾的主要原因。迄今为止,世界各国开发的燃煤烟气氮氧化物治理技术种类比较多,选择性催化还原(Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR)烟气脱硝技术和选择性非催化还原(Selective non-Catalytic Reduction,SNCR)烟气脱硝技术在大型燃煤电厂获得商业应用,其中SCR法在全球范围内有数百台的成功应用业绩和十几年的运行经验,日本和德国95%的烟气脱硝装置采用SCR技术,由于该方法技术成熟、脱硝率高、几乎无二次污染,应是国内烟气脱硝引进、消化的重点。本课题着重从火电厂脱硝(SCR)工艺技术国内外研究动态、可行性研究、工艺原理概述、影响因素、常见问题、应用现状及经济效益分析等六个方面论述该项技术国产化应用研究。
Nitrogen oxides are among the major atmospheric pollutants, also the main factor causing acid rain and photochemical smog. So far, there are a variety of coal-burning flue gas nitrogen oxide treatment technologies in many countries. Both SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) and SNCR (Selective non-Catalytic Reduction) are commercially applied in large-scale coal-burning power plants. SCR has been successfully applied in hundreds of units worldwide for more than ten years. In Japan and Germany 95% of the flue gas denitrification devices adopt SCR technology. Because this technology is mature, with a high denitrification rate, almost having no secondary pollution, it should be a focus for our country to introduce and digest flue gas denitrification technology. This paper will focus on five aspects, i.e. power plant denitrification (SCR) technology and its engineering application, status quo of domestic equipment, liquid ammonia environmental risk analysis, system design, construction, commissioning, and operation management experience as well as technical and economic analysis etc to discuss the applied research on the localization of this technology.
Nitrogen oxides are among the major atmospheric pollutants, also the main factor causing acid rain and photochemical smog. So far, there are a variety of coal-burning flue gas nitrogen oxide treatment technologies in many countries. Both SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) and SNCR (Selective non-Catalytic Reduction) are commercially applied in large-scale coal-burning power plants. SCR has been successfully applied in hundreds of units worldwide for more than ten years. In Japan and Germany 95% of the flue gas denitrification devices adopt SCR technology. Because this technology is mature, with a high denitrification rate, almost having no secondary pollution, it should be a focus for our country to introduce and digest flue gas denitrification technology. This paper will focus on five aspects, i.e. power plant denitrification (SCR) technology and its engineering application, status quo of domestic equipment, liquid ammonia environmental risk analysis, system design, construction, commissioning, and operation management experience as well as technical and economic analysis etc to discuss the applied research on the localization of this technology.
引文
[1]苏亚欣,毛玉如,徐璋.燃煤氮氧化物排放控制技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[2]钟秦.燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[3]韦章兵,姜旭峰,吴艳丽.燃煤SO2、NOX污染和防治及同时脱硫脱硝技术[J].洁净煤技术,1997(2):49-51
[4]李勇.后石电厂600MW机组烟气脱硝系统及工艺特点介绍[J].山东电力技术,2001(4):41-44
[5]李靖华.德国火电厂烟气净化的法规及技术[J].中国电力,1997(2):56-57
[6]刘天齐.三废处理工程技术手册(废气卷).北京:化学工业出版社,1999
[7]童志权.工业废气净化与利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[8]赵惠富.污染气体NOX的形成与控制.北京:科学出版社,1990
[9]陈梅倩,何伯述.氨法脱出烟气中气态污染物的应用分析.北方交通大学学报,2003
[10]李敏,仲兆平.氨选择性催化还原(SCR)脱出氮氧化物的研究.能源研究与利用,2004
[11]蔡天赐.大气环境保护中的催化方法.大连理工大学,1995
[12]王兰新.烟气脱硫脱硝的进展.化学研究与应用,1997
[13]宣小平,姚强,岳长涛等.选择性催化还原法脱硝研究进展.煤炭转化,2002
[14]史忠标.大气污染控制技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[15]张强,许世森,王志强,史忠标.选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术进展及工程应用.热力发电,2004
[16]毛健雄,毛健全,赵树民.煤的清洁燃烧.北京[27]科学出版社,1998
[17]张琳,张秀玲,代斌等.催化脱除大气污染物NOX研究进展.低温与特气,2000
[18]曾汉才.燃烧与污染.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992
[19]陈代宾.燃煤电厂选择性催化脱硝工艺的实践与探讨.电力环境保护,2003
[20]徐学基,褚定昌.气体放电物理.上海:复旦大学出版社,1996
[21]张强,顾潘,余刚等.氮氧化物在等离子体中的分解与转化.燃烧科学与技术,2002
[22]王银尘,季学李.脉冲电晕等离子体脱硫脱氮与除尘技术.大气污染防治,2000,19(1) :17-19
[23]Radojevie M. Reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas[J]. Environmental Pollution,1998(102): 685-689
[24]Control nitrogen oxide emissions: Seletive Catalytic Reduction [R]. U.S. Department of Energy,1997
[25]Selective Non-Catalytic reduction for controlling NOx emissions [R]. Institute of Clean Air Companies,Inc.,2000
[26]Demonstration of selective catalytic reduction technology to control nitrogen oxide emissions from high-sulfur,coal-fired boilers: A DOE assessment
[27]U.S. Department of Energy,1998
[28]Forzatti P. Environmental Catalysis for Stationary Applications Catal Today,2000
[29]Soud H N,Fukasawa k.Developments in Nox abatement and control.London:IEA Coal Research,1996
[30]Wallman P H Carlsson R C J.NO Reduction by Ammonia:the Effect of Pressure and Mineral Surfaces.Fuel,1993
[31]Iwamotom.Process of Meeting Catalytic Techology for Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide. Tokyo,japan,19990,17-22
[32]Iwamotom,Hamadah.Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide form Exhaust GASES Through Novel Catalytic Processes. Catalysis Today,19991,10,57-71
[33]H.Gutberlet, Influence of furnace type on poisoning of deNOx catalyst by arsenic[J]. VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 1988, 68 (3), p.264-271.
[34]Hans Sobolewski, Michael Harrell, Large particle ash (LPA) screen retrofits at coal fired units in Indiana and Ohio [A]. Proceeding of 2006 Environmental Controls Conference, U.S Department of Energy.
[35]Karina Rigby, Robert Johnson, Ronald Neufert, SCR catalyst design issues and operating experience: coals with high arsenic concentrations and coals from the Powder River Basin. [A]. Proceeding of International Joint Power Generation Conference, Jul.23-26, 2000, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
[36]Scort Pritchard, Shozo Kaneko, Kohei Suyama, Optimizing SCR catalyst design and performance for coal-fired boilers.[A]. Joint symposium of stationary combustion NOx control, May.16-19, 1995. U.S.A.
[2]钟秦.燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[3]韦章兵,姜旭峰,吴艳丽.燃煤SO2、NOX污染和防治及同时脱硫脱硝技术[J].洁净煤技术,1997(2):49-51
[4]李勇.后石电厂600MW机组烟气脱硝系统及工艺特点介绍[J].山东电力技术,2001(4):41-44
[5]李靖华.德国火电厂烟气净化的法规及技术[J].中国电力,1997(2):56-57
[6]刘天齐.三废处理工程技术手册(废气卷).北京:化学工业出版社,1999
[7]童志权.工业废气净化与利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[8]赵惠富.污染气体NOX的形成与控制.北京:科学出版社,1990
[9]陈梅倩,何伯述.氨法脱出烟气中气态污染物的应用分析.北方交通大学学报,2003
[10]李敏,仲兆平.氨选择性催化还原(SCR)脱出氮氧化物的研究.能源研究与利用,2004
[11]蔡天赐.大气环境保护中的催化方法.大连理工大学,1995
[12]王兰新.烟气脱硫脱硝的进展.化学研究与应用,1997
[13]宣小平,姚强,岳长涛等.选择性催化还原法脱硝研究进展.煤炭转化,2002
[14]史忠标.大气污染控制技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[15]张强,许世森,王志强,史忠标.选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术进展及工程应用.热力发电,2004
[16]毛健雄,毛健全,赵树民.煤的清洁燃烧.北京[27]科学出版社,1998
[17]张琳,张秀玲,代斌等.催化脱除大气污染物NOX研究进展.低温与特气,2000
[18]曾汉才.燃烧与污染.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992
[19]陈代宾.燃煤电厂选择性催化脱硝工艺的实践与探讨.电力环境保护,2003
[20]徐学基,褚定昌.气体放电物理.上海:复旦大学出版社,1996
[21]张强,顾潘,余刚等.氮氧化物在等离子体中的分解与转化.燃烧科学与技术,2002
[22]王银尘,季学李.脉冲电晕等离子体脱硫脱氮与除尘技术.大气污染防治,2000,19(1) :17-19
[23]Radojevie M. Reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas[J]. Environmental Pollution,1998(102): 685-689
[24]Control nitrogen oxide emissions: Seletive Catalytic Reduction [R]. U.S. Department of Energy,1997
[25]Selective Non-Catalytic reduction for controlling NOx emissions [R]. Institute of Clean Air Companies,Inc.,2000
[26]Demonstration of selective catalytic reduction technology to control nitrogen oxide emissions from high-sulfur,coal-fired boilers: A DOE assessment
[27]U.S. Department of Energy,1998
[28]Forzatti P. Environmental Catalysis for Stationary Applications Catal Today,2000
[29]Soud H N,Fukasawa k.Developments in Nox abatement and control.London:IEA Coal Research,1996
[30]Wallman P H Carlsson R C J.NO Reduction by Ammonia:the Effect of Pressure and Mineral Surfaces.Fuel,1993
[31]Iwamotom.Process of Meeting Catalytic Techology for Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide. Tokyo,japan,19990,17-22
[32]Iwamotom,Hamadah.Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide form Exhaust GASES Through Novel Catalytic Processes. Catalysis Today,19991,10,57-71
[33]H.Gutberlet, Influence of furnace type on poisoning of deNOx catalyst by arsenic[J]. VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 1988, 68 (3), p.264-271.
[34]Hans Sobolewski, Michael Harrell, Large particle ash (LPA) screen retrofits at coal fired units in Indiana and Ohio [A]. Proceeding of 2006 Environmental Controls Conference, U.S Department of Energy.
[35]Karina Rigby, Robert Johnson, Ronald Neufert, SCR catalyst design issues and operating experience: coals with high arsenic concentrations and coals from the Powder River Basin. [A]. Proceeding of International Joint Power Generation Conference, Jul.23-26, 2000, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
[36]Scort Pritchard, Shozo Kaneko, Kohei Suyama, Optimizing SCR catalyst design and performance for coal-fired boilers.[A]. Joint symposium of stationary combustion NOx control, May.16-19, 1995. U.S.A.