湘西山区生态农村建设研究
摘要
长期以来,农业、农村、农民问题一直是决定我国全面建设小康社会进程和现代化进程的关键性问题,也是关系党和国家工作全局的根本性问题。没有农业的牢固基础和农业的积累与支持,就不可能有国家的自立和工业的发展;没有农村的稳定和全面进步,就不可能有整个社会的稳定和全面进步;没有农民的小康就不可能有全国人民的小康。农业丰,则基础牢;农村稳,则社会安;农民富,则国家昌。党中央审时度势,在十六届五中全会上作出了建设社会主义新农村的重大战略决策,为今后我国农村勾画出了“生产发展、生活富裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的新蓝图。党的十七大又提出统筹城乡发展,推进社会主义新农村建设的思想。新农村建设工作在祖国各地如火如荼开展。生态农村建设作为社会主义新农村建设的客观需要和重要内容,需要更多的理论研究和实践探讨与推广。
粗放的工业、滞后的农业、待发展的旅游业和保存较为完好的古镇文化等是我省湘西山区最为显著的特征,本着“保护、开发”的原则,加强生态农村建设研究意义重大。
本文综合运用农业生态学、生态经济学原理、规划学、建筑学等交叉学科知识和农业农村可持续发展理论,将生态农村作为新农村建设的范畴,在解析生态农村的内涵、特征和理论基础,分析生态农村的功能,总结回顾国内外新农村建设成功经验的基础上,将“资源节约型,环境友好型”社会建设理念纳入湘西山区新农村建设研究中,结合湘西农村特点,提出“农村田园化”概念,指出农村田园化是指农村居民的生活生产方式遵循自然规律,肯定农村传统生活生产方式不透支土地、不透支资源、不透支环境,与自然和谐共处的合理部分,创造性地利用现代技术,如沼气、太阳能、地热等技术以提高农村居民物质精神生活质量,采纳吸收湘西民居中选址考究、建筑空间布局巧妙、紧密结合地形地貌、注重生态循环、建筑节能的优良传统,设计出基于生态人居理念的生态农村人居环境。宏观上通过空间和村庄功能(工业村、文化村、农业村、混合村)的科学合理规划谋划新农村美好蓝图,微观上将“两型”社会理念强有力地落实在从农村民居设计、工农业生产中,构建一个完美的循环经济实体。探讨出一条适合我省湘西山区的生态农村发展之路。
文中选取湘西泸溪县为研究实例,通过分析泸溪县农村自然资源、社会经济状况、发展态势,泸溪县生态农村发展中存在的主要问题,提出泸溪县生态农村的功能定位与可持续发展战略,进而探讨出一条适合我省湘西山区的社会主义生态农村发展之路。
For a long time,the essential problem that determine our country in building a well-off society in all-round way and modernization processes are the problems of agriculture,countryside and peasant,it's also a basic issue that relate to the overall works of Party and state.Without a solid foundation of agriculture,the accumulation and support of agriculture,there can be no national self-reliance and industrial development;without the stability and overall progress of countryside,there can be no stability and overall progress of whole society;without the well-off of peasant, there can be no well-off of all people across the country,if we are abundant in agriculture,our country will have a solid foundation;if the countryside becomes stable,our society will be safe;if the peasant become wealthy;our country will be prosperous.The Central Committee of the Party according to the variable situation, made important strategic decisions on building socialist new rural at the 5~(th) plenary conference of the 16th,which draw a new blueprint for our countryside on the growth of production,an affluent life,folkway civilization,maintaining countryside appearance,democratic management.The 17~(th) National Congress of CPC again proposed the idea of coordinating urban-rural development and pushing socialist new rural construction.The new rural construction work carried out in full swing throughout the country.Rural ecological construction,as the objective needs and important part of socialist new rural construction,needs more theoretical study, practice discussion and promotion.
The most salient features of Xiangxi area are extensive industry,sluggish agriculture,tourism that waiting for development,old town culture which preserved well,etc,it is of great significance to strengthen rural ecological construction on the principle of protection,exploitation.
The essay comprehensively uses agroecology,eco-economics principle,planning studies,architecture and other cross subject knowledge and the agricultural and rural sustainable development theory,then considers the rural ecology as new rural construction category,on the basis of interpreting the connotation of agroecology, characteristics and theoretical basis and analyzing the ecological functions of rural areas,summarizing and reviewing the successful experience of new rural construction at home and abroad,incorporates the concept of "resource-saving and environment-friendly" social construction with new rural construction research in Xiangxi area,and combine the characteristics of Xiangxi countryside,puts forward the concept of idyllic countryside,points out idyllic rural is the laws of nature lifestyle that rural residents should follow,assures the traditional living and production method doesn't overuse the land,resources,and environment,the reasonable part live in harmony with nature,creatively make use of modern technologies,such as biogas, solar,geothermal,etc,to enhance the material and spiritual life quality,intake the fine sites in Xiangxi residents,cleverly layout construction space,combine the topography closely,pay attention to the ecological cycle,the fine tradition of energy-conserving building,design concepts based on ecological habitat of rural living environment.To draw new rural a promising blueprint through a scientific and rational plan of the functions of space and villages(industrial village,civilized village,agriculture village, mixed village) on the macro-view,implement the two-oriented society ideology on rural living design,industrial and agricultural production on the micro-view to build a perfect circulating economic entities,explore a road suit eco-rural development in Xiangxi area.
The essay selects Luxi County of Xiangxi as a research example,through analyzing rural natural resources,social economic status,development trend,the major issue exists in Luxi County rural ecology,puts forward function position and sustainable development strategy of rural ecology in Luxi County,and then explores a road that apply to socialist ecological rural development in Xiangxi area.
粗放的工业、滞后的农业、待发展的旅游业和保存较为完好的古镇文化等是我省湘西山区最为显著的特征,本着“保护、开发”的原则,加强生态农村建设研究意义重大。
本文综合运用农业生态学、生态经济学原理、规划学、建筑学等交叉学科知识和农业农村可持续发展理论,将生态农村作为新农村建设的范畴,在解析生态农村的内涵、特征和理论基础,分析生态农村的功能,总结回顾国内外新农村建设成功经验的基础上,将“资源节约型,环境友好型”社会建设理念纳入湘西山区新农村建设研究中,结合湘西农村特点,提出“农村田园化”概念,指出农村田园化是指农村居民的生活生产方式遵循自然规律,肯定农村传统生活生产方式不透支土地、不透支资源、不透支环境,与自然和谐共处的合理部分,创造性地利用现代技术,如沼气、太阳能、地热等技术以提高农村居民物质精神生活质量,采纳吸收湘西民居中选址考究、建筑空间布局巧妙、紧密结合地形地貌、注重生态循环、建筑节能的优良传统,设计出基于生态人居理念的生态农村人居环境。宏观上通过空间和村庄功能(工业村、文化村、农业村、混合村)的科学合理规划谋划新农村美好蓝图,微观上将“两型”社会理念强有力地落实在从农村民居设计、工农业生产中,构建一个完美的循环经济实体。探讨出一条适合我省湘西山区的生态农村发展之路。
文中选取湘西泸溪县为研究实例,通过分析泸溪县农村自然资源、社会经济状况、发展态势,泸溪县生态农村发展中存在的主要问题,提出泸溪县生态农村的功能定位与可持续发展战略,进而探讨出一条适合我省湘西山区的社会主义生态农村发展之路。
For a long time,the essential problem that determine our country in building a well-off society in all-round way and modernization processes are the problems of agriculture,countryside and peasant,it's also a basic issue that relate to the overall works of Party and state.Without a solid foundation of agriculture,the accumulation and support of agriculture,there can be no national self-reliance and industrial development;without the stability and overall progress of countryside,there can be no stability and overall progress of whole society;without the well-off of peasant, there can be no well-off of all people across the country,if we are abundant in agriculture,our country will have a solid foundation;if the countryside becomes stable,our society will be safe;if the peasant become wealthy;our country will be prosperous.The Central Committee of the Party according to the variable situation, made important strategic decisions on building socialist new rural at the 5~(th) plenary conference of the 16th,which draw a new blueprint for our countryside on the growth of production,an affluent life,folkway civilization,maintaining countryside appearance,democratic management.The 17~(th) National Congress of CPC again proposed the idea of coordinating urban-rural development and pushing socialist new rural construction.The new rural construction work carried out in full swing throughout the country.Rural ecological construction,as the objective needs and important part of socialist new rural construction,needs more theoretical study, practice discussion and promotion.
The most salient features of Xiangxi area are extensive industry,sluggish agriculture,tourism that waiting for development,old town culture which preserved well,etc,it is of great significance to strengthen rural ecological construction on the principle of protection,exploitation.
The essay comprehensively uses agroecology,eco-economics principle,planning studies,architecture and other cross subject knowledge and the agricultural and rural sustainable development theory,then considers the rural ecology as new rural construction category,on the basis of interpreting the connotation of agroecology, characteristics and theoretical basis and analyzing the ecological functions of rural areas,summarizing and reviewing the successful experience of new rural construction at home and abroad,incorporates the concept of "resource-saving and environment-friendly" social construction with new rural construction research in Xiangxi area,and combine the characteristics of Xiangxi countryside,puts forward the concept of idyllic countryside,points out idyllic rural is the laws of nature lifestyle that rural residents should follow,assures the traditional living and production method doesn't overuse the land,resources,and environment,the reasonable part live in harmony with nature,creatively make use of modern technologies,such as biogas, solar,geothermal,etc,to enhance the material and spiritual life quality,intake the fine sites in Xiangxi residents,cleverly layout construction space,combine the topography closely,pay attention to the ecological cycle,the fine tradition of energy-conserving building,design concepts based on ecological habitat of rural living environment.To draw new rural a promising blueprint through a scientific and rational plan of the functions of space and villages(industrial village,civilized village,agriculture village, mixed village) on the macro-view,implement the two-oriented society ideology on rural living design,industrial and agricultural production on the micro-view to build a perfect circulating economic entities,explore a road suit eco-rural development in Xiangxi area.
The essay selects Luxi County of Xiangxi as a research example,through analyzing rural natural resources,social economic status,development trend,the major issue exists in Luxi County rural ecology,puts forward function position and sustainable development strategy of rural ecology in Luxi County,and then explores a road that apply to socialist ecological rural development in Xiangxi area.
引文
[1]贾荣华.浅析社会主义新农村建设的内容[J].坊师范学院学报(社会科学版).2008,8(4).
[2]李佐军.中国新农村建设报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[3]农业部课题组.建设社会主义新农村若干问题研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[4]胡锦涛.在湖南考察工作时的讲话[N].人民日报,2003.10.5.
[5]青连斌.我国新农村建设的难点重点[J].科学社会主义,2006(1).
[6]寻广新.韩国新村运动对我国建设社会主义新农村的启示[J].云南省委党校学报,2006(1).
[7]牛先锋.我国新农村建设的基本力量[J].科学社会主义,2006(1).
[8]张丽艳,李雪艳等.论统筹城乡发展的制度障碍及对策[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(3).
[9]朱恩涛.二元结构与三农问题的研究[J].南京:市场周刊.2003(8).
[10]汪光涛.中国城镇化进程中的农民问题[N].中共中央党校:学习时报,2006.5.10.
[11]梁长青.城市化进程中乡村聚落发展的研究一以渭北高原村落为例[D].西安建筑科技大学,2002.
[12]赵之枫.城市化加速时期村庄集聚及规划建设研究[D].清华大学,2001.
[13]杨学峰.生态农村:新农村建设的理想载体[J].江西农业学报.2007(04).
[14]朱启臻,马珍珍,李敏,李静.城乡一体化的根本措施在于解放农民[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版).2005(01).
[15]刘菲.生态农村的界定与评价指标研究——以泳州农村为例[D].北京化工大学2008.5.
[16]何汉杏,何秀春.生态住宅的概念及特点.2004.4.
[17]何春红.国外统筹城乡发展的若干经验[J].中共南宁市委党校学报,2005(2).
[18]李锋传.日本建设新农村经验及对我国的启示[J].中国国情国力,2006(4).
[19]Dixit A and Stiglitz J.E Monopolistic Competition and Optimn Product Diversity[J].American Economic Review 1977,67(3).
[20]Shiro Matsushima.Collaboration in Architectural Design:an IT Perspective:[Dissertation of Doctor of Design].Harvard Design School.2003.
[21]科瓦列夫.描述中央黑土区农村聚落分布特征资料分类的经验.人口地理与城市地理(论文集).北京:科学出版社,1959.
[22]萨乌什金.苏联农村居民点的地理研究[M].人口地理与城市地理(论文集).北京:科学出版社,1959.
[23]华翼网新闻中心.news.chinesewings.com-.比利时新闻,2006.02.23.
[24]关为汉.基于中美小城镇比较的中国小城镇建设发展研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[25]李金旺.国外小城镇建设模式比较[J].改革与发展,2001(3).
[26]郭洪亮.生态住宅设计浅析[J].河南机电高等专科学院学报.2005(5).
[27]翁伯奇.红壤山地生态果园模式研究与应用[D].2000.
[28]汪泽艾.我县生态村建设的几种模式[J].农业科技通讯.2003(07).
[29]李来定.宝应:生态建设推动经济增长[J].2002.
[30]周泽江.中国有机农业发展前景展望[J].中国生态农业学报.2003(1).
[31]张鹏.浅析新农村建设中的环保理念[J].知识经济,2008(06).
[32]袁镔.注重技术,讲究实效,崇尚自然-德国生态村建设的启示[J].世界建筑.2002.
[33]朱跃龙.京郊平原区生态农村发展模式研究[D].北京:中国农业大学资源与环境学院,2005.
[34]乌东峰.论农村社区机制与农村生态环境保护[J].学术论坛.2005.
[35]霍苗.态农村评价方法探讨——以北京郊区农村为例[D].北京:中国农业大学资源与环境学院,2005.
[36]Alison Gilbet.Criteria for sustainability in the development of indicators for sutainable deVelopment[M].Elsevier Science Ltd,1 996
[37]刘菲.生态农村的界定与评价指标研究——以泳州农村为例[D],北京化工大学2008.5.
[38]吴志华,王琼.可持续发展生态农村评价指标体系初探[J].市场周刊理论研究,2006,8:7-8.
[39]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.1999中国可持续发展战略报告[M],北京:科学出版社,1999:1-409.
[40]陈磊.区域农业可持续发展评价模型及应用[J].当代经理人,2006,21:1225-1226.
[41]张丽.新疆农业可持续发展实证分析[J].新疆社会科学,2006,6:30-35.
[42]张建同,孙昌言.以Excel和SPSS为工具的管理统计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,9:263-292.
[43]曹利军:可持续发展评价理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:132-133
[44]王冬冬;刘稳廷.新农村建设的问题[J].洛阳师范学院学报.2006.6.
[45]韩荣锦,孙国才.新农村建设中的田园化理念及其生态经济意义[J].生态经济,2007(11).
[46]张华健,赵建勋.对有机农业的认识与思考[J].安徽农学报.2000(6).
[47]韩荣锦,孙国才.新农村建设中的田园化理念及其生态经济意义[J].生态经济,2007(11).
[48]刘贵丰.新农村建设中村庄整治不能走城镇化的道路[J].中国农村小康科技,2008(11).
[49]张振,邹贻权.生态建筑的技术突破.2002.
[50]泸溪县志(1986-2001).
[51]肖湘东,陈伟志.湘西民族建筑的生态观[J].山西建筑,2006.3.
[52]张旭,崔志刚.湘西民居的生态意识[J].湖南城市学院学报.2005.9(3).
[53]饶戎.生态村落的规划建设及其示范——以北京市怀柔区庄户村为例[J].建设科技,2007(07).
[54]尼宁.生态建筑设计原理及设计方法研究,北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[55]陈鹏,沈春红,苏墨.生态型透水铺地探研[J].四川建筑,2007.3.
[56]王鹏.建筑适应气候—兼论乡土建筑及其气候策略[D].清华大学建筑学院博士学位论文,2001.
[57]仲继寿.太阳能建筑的技术途径和发展策略[J].太阳能,2006(1):22.
[58]向杰.夏热冬冷地区被动式太阳能利用的可能性[D].武汉:华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,2003.
[59]袁莹,肖玺.太阳能技术与建筑整合一体化设计的思考[J],太阳能,2002(2).
[60]涂逢祥,王美裙,中国的气候与建筑节能[J],暖通空调,1996.4.
[61]泸溪统计年鉴2007.
[62]中国红网湘西站http://www.xxz.gov.cn/news/53967.html.
[63]周力群,汤晓莺,向子权.泸溪百村硬化工程扮靓新农村,凹凸土路成为历史.我爱泸溪生活网.2008-6-25.http://www.5267.net/Article/200806/865.html.
[64]杨铭.国外生态农业的发展趋势对我国西部农业发展的启示[J].世界地理研究,2003.12(4)
[65]崔书红,王捷.生态旅游的定义及其在中国的实践[J].环境保护,1999,12(7).
[66]刘吉发,陈怀平.关于安康市生态旅游开发的若干思考[J].安康师专学报,2006,18(1).
[67]陈秀容.发展我国生态旅游的问题与对策[J].科技信息(学术研究),2007(27).
[68]白玉泽.加强农村生态环境保护,促进新农村建设可持续发展[J].科技创新导报,2007.
[69]林涛,李倩,张佳,韦海民.我国新农村建设中生态环境保护对策研究[J].2009(5).
[70]李建国.生态文明——人类未来的文明[J],生态学杂志,1996(15).
[71]马克思恩格斯全集[M].人民出版社,1979,46:29.
[72]在中央计划生育工作座谈会上的讲话.1995.3.18
[2]李佐军.中国新农村建设报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[3]农业部课题组.建设社会主义新农村若干问题研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[4]胡锦涛.在湖南考察工作时的讲话[N].人民日报,2003.10.5.
[5]青连斌.我国新农村建设的难点重点[J].科学社会主义,2006(1).
[6]寻广新.韩国新村运动对我国建设社会主义新农村的启示[J].云南省委党校学报,2006(1).
[7]牛先锋.我国新农村建设的基本力量[J].科学社会主义,2006(1).
[8]张丽艳,李雪艳等.论统筹城乡发展的制度障碍及对策[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(3).
[9]朱恩涛.二元结构与三农问题的研究[J].南京:市场周刊.2003(8).
[10]汪光涛.中国城镇化进程中的农民问题[N].中共中央党校:学习时报,2006.5.10.
[11]梁长青.城市化进程中乡村聚落发展的研究一以渭北高原村落为例[D].西安建筑科技大学,2002.
[12]赵之枫.城市化加速时期村庄集聚及规划建设研究[D].清华大学,2001.
[13]杨学峰.生态农村:新农村建设的理想载体[J].江西农业学报.2007(04).
[14]朱启臻,马珍珍,李敏,李静.城乡一体化的根本措施在于解放农民[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版).2005(01).
[15]刘菲.生态农村的界定与评价指标研究——以泳州农村为例[D].北京化工大学2008.5.
[16]何汉杏,何秀春.生态住宅的概念及特点.2004.4.
[17]何春红.国外统筹城乡发展的若干经验[J].中共南宁市委党校学报,2005(2).
[18]李锋传.日本建设新农村经验及对我国的启示[J].中国国情国力,2006(4).
[19]Dixit A and Stiglitz J.E Monopolistic Competition and Optimn Product Diversity[J].American Economic Review 1977,67(3).
[20]Shiro Matsushima.Collaboration in Architectural Design:an IT Perspective:[Dissertation of Doctor of Design].Harvard Design School.2003.
[21]科瓦列夫.描述中央黑土区农村聚落分布特征资料分类的经验.人口地理与城市地理(论文集).北京:科学出版社,1959.
[22]萨乌什金.苏联农村居民点的地理研究[M].人口地理与城市地理(论文集).北京:科学出版社,1959.
[23]华翼网新闻中心.news.chinesewings.com-.比利时新闻,2006.02.23.
[24]关为汉.基于中美小城镇比较的中国小城镇建设发展研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[25]李金旺.国外小城镇建设模式比较[J].改革与发展,2001(3).
[26]郭洪亮.生态住宅设计浅析[J].河南机电高等专科学院学报.2005(5).
[27]翁伯奇.红壤山地生态果园模式研究与应用[D].2000.
[28]汪泽艾.我县生态村建设的几种模式[J].农业科技通讯.2003(07).
[29]李来定.宝应:生态建设推动经济增长[J].2002.
[30]周泽江.中国有机农业发展前景展望[J].中国生态农业学报.2003(1).
[31]张鹏.浅析新农村建设中的环保理念[J].知识经济,2008(06).
[32]袁镔.注重技术,讲究实效,崇尚自然-德国生态村建设的启示[J].世界建筑.2002.
[33]朱跃龙.京郊平原区生态农村发展模式研究[D].北京:中国农业大学资源与环境学院,2005.
[34]乌东峰.论农村社区机制与农村生态环境保护[J].学术论坛.2005.
[35]霍苗.态农村评价方法探讨——以北京郊区农村为例[D].北京:中国农业大学资源与环境学院,2005.
[36]Alison Gilbet.Criteria for sustainability in the development of indicators for sutainable deVelopment[M].Elsevier Science Ltd,1 996
[37]刘菲.生态农村的界定与评价指标研究——以泳州农村为例[D],北京化工大学2008.5.
[38]吴志华,王琼.可持续发展生态农村评价指标体系初探[J].市场周刊理论研究,2006,8:7-8.
[39]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.1999中国可持续发展战略报告[M],北京:科学出版社,1999:1-409.
[40]陈磊.区域农业可持续发展评价模型及应用[J].当代经理人,2006,21:1225-1226.
[41]张丽.新疆农业可持续发展实证分析[J].新疆社会科学,2006,6:30-35.
[42]张建同,孙昌言.以Excel和SPSS为工具的管理统计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,9:263-292.
[43]曹利军:可持续发展评价理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:132-133
[44]王冬冬;刘稳廷.新农村建设的问题[J].洛阳师范学院学报.2006.6.
[45]韩荣锦,孙国才.新农村建设中的田园化理念及其生态经济意义[J].生态经济,2007(11).
[46]张华健,赵建勋.对有机农业的认识与思考[J].安徽农学报.2000(6).
[47]韩荣锦,孙国才.新农村建设中的田园化理念及其生态经济意义[J].生态经济,2007(11).
[48]刘贵丰.新农村建设中村庄整治不能走城镇化的道路[J].中国农村小康科技,2008(11).
[49]张振,邹贻权.生态建筑的技术突破.2002.
[50]泸溪县志(1986-2001).
[51]肖湘东,陈伟志.湘西民族建筑的生态观[J].山西建筑,2006.3.
[52]张旭,崔志刚.湘西民居的生态意识[J].湖南城市学院学报.2005.9(3).
[53]饶戎.生态村落的规划建设及其示范——以北京市怀柔区庄户村为例[J].建设科技,2007(07).
[54]尼宁.生态建筑设计原理及设计方法研究,北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[55]陈鹏,沈春红,苏墨.生态型透水铺地探研[J].四川建筑,2007.3.
[56]王鹏.建筑适应气候—兼论乡土建筑及其气候策略[D].清华大学建筑学院博士学位论文,2001.
[57]仲继寿.太阳能建筑的技术途径和发展策略[J].太阳能,2006(1):22.
[58]向杰.夏热冬冷地区被动式太阳能利用的可能性[D].武汉:华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,2003.
[59]袁莹,肖玺.太阳能技术与建筑整合一体化设计的思考[J],太阳能,2002(2).
[60]涂逢祥,王美裙,中国的气候与建筑节能[J],暖通空调,1996.4.
[61]泸溪统计年鉴2007.
[62]中国红网湘西站http://www.xxz.gov.cn/news/53967.html.
[63]周力群,汤晓莺,向子权.泸溪百村硬化工程扮靓新农村,凹凸土路成为历史.我爱泸溪生活网.2008-6-25.http://www.5267.net/Article/200806/865.html.
[64]杨铭.国外生态农业的发展趋势对我国西部农业发展的启示[J].世界地理研究,2003.12(4)
[65]崔书红,王捷.生态旅游的定义及其在中国的实践[J].环境保护,1999,12(7).
[66]刘吉发,陈怀平.关于安康市生态旅游开发的若干思考[J].安康师专学报,2006,18(1).
[67]陈秀容.发展我国生态旅游的问题与对策[J].科技信息(学术研究),2007(27).
[68]白玉泽.加强农村生态环境保护,促进新农村建设可持续发展[J].科技创新导报,2007.
[69]林涛,李倩,张佳,韦海民.我国新农村建设中生态环境保护对策研究[J].2009(5).
[70]李建国.生态文明——人类未来的文明[J],生态学杂志,1996(15).
[71]马克思恩格斯全集[M].人民出版社,1979,46:29.
[72]在中央计划生育工作座谈会上的讲话.1995.3.18