相控阵天线波束指向精度研究
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摘要
随着电子对抗技术的发展和外空间目标探测、控制的需要，相控阵天线已经成为当今实用雷达天线发展的主流。其中可控数字移相器的使用，是相控阵天线优越性能实现的关键，但由此引入的相位量化误差，严重影响了相控阵天线的波束指向精度。为改善这一情况，本文对相位量化误差引起的相控阵天线波束指向精度问题进行了研究。首先以单脉冲相控阵天线测角原理为基本理论出发点，利用相位控制的坐标分离技术，基于线阵、圆形阵等简单形式的相控阵天线，推导了平面阵、圆柱面阵等相控阵天线由相位量化误差引起的波束指向误差公式。接着，通过仿真实例比较了舍尾法、二可能值法、递推补偿馈相法、递推比较补偿馈相法等几种提高波束指向精度方法的优劣。二可能值法是一种随机馈相法，引入了噪声，反而使相控阵天线的波束指向精度大为降低。递推补偿馈相法和递推比较补偿馈相法的效果比较好，尤其是后者，不论是波束指向误差的极大值还是均方差都比舍尾法的小得多。不过，本文中只对简单形式的共形阵天线，如圆形阵、圆柱面阵天线进行了分析，复杂的不规则的共形阵天线的情况还有待于进行进一步的研究。
Along with the electronic warfare demand and the requirement of probing and tracking outer-space objects, phased array antennas have become developmental mainstream of the applied radar antennas. The key for phased array antennas with good functions is the use of controllable phase shifters. However, phase quantization errors affect the accuracy of phased array antenna beam pointing badly, which is mainly researched here. First, based on phased array antenna's mono-pulse goniometry and separate coordinate technology about phase control, the antenna beam pointing error formula, caused by phase quantization error, is derived from linear array and circular array to planar array and cylindrical array. Then, the capacities of round-off method, two probable value method (TPVM), shift and compensate phase feeding method (SCPFM) and shift compare and compensate phase feeding method (SCCPFM), are compared in improving the accuracy of beam pointing. TPVM is a kind of random phase feeding method, which imports noise an
d decreases the accuracy greatly. The effects of SCPFM and SCCPFM are better, especially the latter. Their maximum and variance of beam pointing accuracy are much smaller than the results of round-off method. Deficiently, only ordinary antennas are studied here, circular array and cylindrical array, for example. Farther study about complex and anomalous conformal antennas is expected.
Along with the electronic warfare demand and the requirement of probing and tracking outer-space objects, phased array antennas have become developmental mainstream of the applied radar antennas. The key for phased array antennas with good functions is the use of controllable phase shifters. However, phase quantization errors affect the accuracy of phased array antenna beam pointing badly, which is mainly researched here. First, based on phased array antenna's mono-pulse goniometry and separate coordinate technology about phase control, the antenna beam pointing error formula, caused by phase quantization error, is derived from linear array and circular array to planar array and cylindrical array. Then, the capacities of round-off method, two probable value method (TPVM), shift and compensate phase feeding method (SCPFM) and shift compare and compensate phase feeding method (SCCPFM), are compared in improving the accuracy of beam pointing. TPVM is a kind of random phase feeding method, which imports noise an
d decreases the accuracy greatly. The effects of SCPFM and SCCPFM are better, especially the latter. Their maximum and variance of beam pointing accuracy are much smaller than the results of round-off method. Deficiently, only ordinary antennas are studied here, circular array and cylindrical array, for example. Farther study about complex and anomalous conformal antennas is expected.
引文
[1] David K. Barton. Modern Radar System Analysis. Artech House. 1988
[2] David K. Barton. Harold R.Ward. Handbook of Radar Measurement.New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1969
[3] L.E.Brennan. "Angular Accuracy of a Phased Array Radar". IRE Trans. Vol. Ap-9. pp268-275. May 1961
[4] William H. Nester. 'A study of Tracking Accuracy in Monopulse Phased Arrays". IRE Trans. on Antenna and Propagation, pp.237-246, May 1962
[5] 郭燕昌等．相控阵和频率扫描天线原理．国防工业出版社．1978
[6] 张光义．相控阵雷达系统．国防工业出版社．1994
[7] 单脉冲雷达技术．上海无线电二厂编．上海市仪表电讯技术情报所．1975年
[8] 丁鹭飞、耿福录．雷达原理．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995年6月
[9] 马汉炎．天线技术．哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1997年4月
[10] 康行健．天线原理与设计．北京理工大学出版社．1993年8月
[11] 翟孟云．阵列天线理论导引．国防工业出版社．1980年12月
[12] 高长剑．相控阵雷达天线波束指向精度分析．航天工业总公司二院23所硕士研究生论文．1998年
[13] Gao Changjian. Huang Huai. Huang Yuhai. Some new phase feeding methods for phased array antennas. Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on, 18-20 Aug. 1998, pp.325-328
[14] 沈文辉．相控阵天线的波束指向分析．南京邮电学院97级研究生毕业论文．2000年
[15] Wei Jiang. Yanchang Guo. Tinghua Liu. Shen, W. Wei Cao. Comparison of random phasing methods for reducing beam pointing errors in phased array. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on ,Volume: 51 , Issue: 4, April 2003.
pp．782-787
[16] 沈文辉、曹伟、郭燕昌．二维相控阵天线二可能值法的波束指向分析．南京邮电学院学报(自然科学版)．2000年6月．20卷2期．pp．32-35
[17] 朱敏、戎信云、翟丽霞．相控阵雷达二维相位控制坐标分离技术的研究．雷达与对抗．1994年3期．PP．11-16
[18] 阿米特．N．等．相控阵天线理论与分析．国防工业出版社．1978年10月
[19] 张光义等．相控阵技术．北京电子科学研究院．1994年11月
[20] 薛锋章、倪晋麟．L波段共形相控阵天线单元的研制．微波学报．1997年3月．13卷1期
[21] 王松山．相控阵雷达走向新世纪．pp．58-69
[22] 毕世龙、张冬青．相控阵天线．飞航导弹．1995年9期．pp．53-56
[23] 冯健康．相控阵天线波束指向精度的测试方法．火控雷达技术．1995年3月．24卷．pp．47-53
[24] 李建瀛、马瑞东．相控阵配相方法的统计分析．微波与卫星通信．1997年．3期． pp．25-28
[25] 邵江达．平面相控阵天线最佳阵面倾角和最大单元间距的确定．现代雷达． 1997年2月．1期．pp．49-53
[26] 江卫、郭燕昌．适当随机相位量化对和差波辦指向精度的改善．现代雷达．1997年8月．4期．pp．62-66
[27] 牛宝君、孙茂友．大型相控阵天线相位量化辦的相关抑制法．现代雷达．1997年10月．5期．pp．73-76
[28] M.S.Smith and Y.C.Guo. A comparison of methods for randomizing phase quantization errors in phased arrays. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation. November 1983. Vol ap-31, No.6. pp821-827
[29] 丁玉良、刘有炳．概率论与数理统计．西北工业大学出版社．1991年3月
[30] 范晋祥、吴金方．从有源相控阵到综合射频传感器——21世纪初机载火控雷达发展前瞻．中国航空工业第607研究所．pp．227-236
[2] David K. Barton. Harold R.Ward. Handbook of Radar Measurement.New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1969
[3] L.E.Brennan. "Angular Accuracy of a Phased Array Radar". IRE Trans. Vol. Ap-9. pp268-275. May 1961
[4] William H. Nester. 'A study of Tracking Accuracy in Monopulse Phased Arrays". IRE Trans. on Antenna and Propagation, pp.237-246, May 1962
[5] 郭燕昌等．相控阵和频率扫描天线原理．国防工业出版社．1978
[6] 张光义．相控阵雷达系统．国防工业出版社．1994
[7] 单脉冲雷达技术．上海无线电二厂编．上海市仪表电讯技术情报所．1975年
[8] 丁鹭飞、耿福录．雷达原理．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995年6月
[9] 马汉炎．天线技术．哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1997年4月
[10] 康行健．天线原理与设计．北京理工大学出版社．1993年8月
[11] 翟孟云．阵列天线理论导引．国防工业出版社．1980年12月
[12] 高长剑．相控阵雷达天线波束指向精度分析．航天工业总公司二院23所硕士研究生论文．1998年
[13] Gao Changjian. Huang Huai. Huang Yuhai. Some new phase feeding methods for phased array antennas. Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on, 18-20 Aug. 1998, pp.325-328
[14] 沈文辉．相控阵天线的波束指向分析．南京邮电学院97级研究生毕业论文．2000年
[15] Wei Jiang. Yanchang Guo. Tinghua Liu. Shen, W. Wei Cao. Comparison of random phasing methods for reducing beam pointing errors in phased array. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on ,Volume: 51 , Issue: 4, April 2003.
pp．782-787
[16] 沈文辉、曹伟、郭燕昌．二维相控阵天线二可能值法的波束指向分析．南京邮电学院学报(自然科学版)．2000年6月．20卷2期．pp．32-35
[17] 朱敏、戎信云、翟丽霞．相控阵雷达二维相位控制坐标分离技术的研究．雷达与对抗．1994年3期．PP．11-16
[18] 阿米特．N．等．相控阵天线理论与分析．国防工业出版社．1978年10月
[19] 张光义等．相控阵技术．北京电子科学研究院．1994年11月
[20] 薛锋章、倪晋麟．L波段共形相控阵天线单元的研制．微波学报．1997年3月．13卷1期
[21] 王松山．相控阵雷达走向新世纪．pp．58-69
[22] 毕世龙、张冬青．相控阵天线．飞航导弹．1995年9期．pp．53-56
[23] 冯健康．相控阵天线波束指向精度的测试方法．火控雷达技术．1995年3月．24卷．pp．47-53
[24] 李建瀛、马瑞东．相控阵配相方法的统计分析．微波与卫星通信．1997年．3期． pp．25-28
[25] 邵江达．平面相控阵天线最佳阵面倾角和最大单元间距的确定．现代雷达． 1997年2月．1期．pp．49-53
[26] 江卫、郭燕昌．适当随机相位量化对和差波辦指向精度的改善．现代雷达．1997年8月．4期．pp．62-66
[27] 牛宝君、孙茂友．大型相控阵天线相位量化辦的相关抑制法．现代雷达．1997年10月．5期．pp．73-76
[28] M.S.Smith and Y.C.Guo. A comparison of methods for randomizing phase quantization errors in phased arrays. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation. November 1983. Vol ap-31, No.6. pp821-827
[29] 丁玉良、刘有炳．概率论与数理统计．西北工业大学出版社．1991年3月
[30] 范晋祥、吴金方．从有源相控阵到综合射频传感器——21世纪初机载火控雷达发展前瞻．中国航空工业第607研究所．pp．227-236