嘎拉早熟芽变的分子鉴定及其主要生理特性研究
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摘要
本研究以嘎拉苹果为对照,对其早熟芽变的形态特征、果实品质、光合特性和内源激素含量等进行了研究,主要结果如下:
1.利用80对引物对早熟芽变和嘎拉进行AFLP分析,共扩增出2945条条带,其中3条为多态性带,多态性为0.101%,芽变与母株之间的遗传相似系数为0.9995,遗传距离为0.0005。
2.对早熟芽变嘎拉的生物学性状进行了研究,结果表明,早熟芽变的物候期与普通嘎拉基本一致,但成熟期提前25天左右;芽变嘎拉树体变矮,分枝变多,节间长、叶宽和叶厚分别为嘎拉的1.07、1.15、1.16倍;但分枝长、叶长、叶柄长没显著变化;主干增粗速度变慢。芽变嘎拉的花瓣长、宽,花药纵、横径,花柄长度、粗度,花粉萌发率,花冠大小分别为嘎拉的0.87、1.15、0.94、1.14、0.63、1.49、0.70、0.87倍。早熟芽变嘎拉的平均单果重206.2克,比对照增加了25.3%;可溶性固形物含量13.87%,比对照降低了4%;可溶性糖含量5.55%,比对照降低了9 %;可溶性酸含量0.1%,降低了66.6%;糖酸比56,提高了267%;果面色泽为条红,着色均匀。与同期成熟的其它品种相比,该早熟芽变果个较大,糖酸比高,是一个综合性状优良的变异。
3.对光合特性的研究表明,嘎啦与早熟芽变的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、二氧化碳浓度日变化均呈单峰曲线,峰值分别出现在10点、10点、12点、12点左右。全天早熟芽变的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率比嘎啦高10.5%、40%、25.5%,但胞间二氧化碳浓度比嘎啦低6.2%。
4.对早熟芽变内源激素的研究表明,其叶片中ABA、ZRs、GA和IAA的含量降低,分别比嘎拉降低了5.5%、12.3%、16.7%和16.6%;(IAA+GAs+ZRs)/ABA的比值降低了10%。
The morphological characters, fruit quality, photosynthesis characteristics and endogenous hormone content of an early ripening bud mutation in Gala apple were studied with Gala as control. The results were as follows:
1. DNA of the early ripening bud mutation and Gala was analyzed based on AFLP data of 80 pairs of primer. And 2945 bands were amplified including 3 polymorphic bands, and 0.101% of the total bands were polymorphism bands. The genetic similarity index between bud mutation and maternal plant was 0.9995, and their genetic distance was 0.0005.
2. Biological characteristics of the early ripening bud mutation were studied compared with Gala as the control. The results indicated that the phenological period of the early bud mutation was mainly consistent with Gala but the mature period about 25 days earlier.The bud mutation had shorter tree bodies, more branches and lower growth rate of trunk diameter. The length of internode, the width and thickness of leaf were 1.07, 1.15 and 1.16 times than the control, respectively. There was no difference in the length of branch, leaf and petiole. The length and width of petal, lengthways and transverse of anther diameter, length and diameter of anthocaulus, germination rate of anther, and the size of corolla were 0.87, 1.15, 0.94, 1.14, 0.63, 1.49, 0.70 and 0.87 times than the control, respectively. The average fruit weigth was 206.2 g, which was 25.3% higher than the control. The content of soluble solid, soluble sugar and soluble acid were 13.87%, 5.55% and 0.1%, which was 4%, 9% and 66.6% lower than the control, respectively. The sugar acid ratio was 56, which was 267% higher than the control. The fruit surface was covered with striped red equably. In conclusion, the early bud mutation was a excellent variety with bigger fruit size and higher sugar acid ratio,compared with other varieties matured in the same period.
3. Study on photosynthesis characteristics indicated that diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and carbon dioxide concentration presented a single peak curve both in the early maturing bud mutation and Gala, and the highest values appeared at 10:00, 10:00, 12:00 and about 12:00, respectively. The whole day net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate were 10.5%, 40%, 25.5% higher than the control, respectively. And the carbon dioxide concentration was 6.2% lower than the control.
4. Study on endogenous hormone content indicated that the content of ABA、ZRs、GAs and IAA in leaf of the early ripening bud mutation were 5.5%, 12.3%, 16.7% and 16.6% lower than those in the control. And the ratio of(IAA+GAs+ZRs)to ABA was 10% lower than the control.
1.利用80对引物对早熟芽变和嘎拉进行AFLP分析,共扩增出2945条条带,其中3条为多态性带,多态性为0.101%,芽变与母株之间的遗传相似系数为0.9995,遗传距离为0.0005。
2.对早熟芽变嘎拉的生物学性状进行了研究,结果表明,早熟芽变的物候期与普通嘎拉基本一致,但成熟期提前25天左右;芽变嘎拉树体变矮,分枝变多,节间长、叶宽和叶厚分别为嘎拉的1.07、1.15、1.16倍;但分枝长、叶长、叶柄长没显著变化;主干增粗速度变慢。芽变嘎拉的花瓣长、宽,花药纵、横径,花柄长度、粗度,花粉萌发率,花冠大小分别为嘎拉的0.87、1.15、0.94、1.14、0.63、1.49、0.70、0.87倍。早熟芽变嘎拉的平均单果重206.2克,比对照增加了25.3%;可溶性固形物含量13.87%,比对照降低了4%;可溶性糖含量5.55%,比对照降低了9 %;可溶性酸含量0.1%,降低了66.6%;糖酸比56,提高了267%;果面色泽为条红,着色均匀。与同期成熟的其它品种相比,该早熟芽变果个较大,糖酸比高,是一个综合性状优良的变异。
3.对光合特性的研究表明,嘎啦与早熟芽变的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、二氧化碳浓度日变化均呈单峰曲线,峰值分别出现在10点、10点、12点、12点左右。全天早熟芽变的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率比嘎啦高10.5%、40%、25.5%,但胞间二氧化碳浓度比嘎啦低6.2%。
4.对早熟芽变内源激素的研究表明,其叶片中ABA、ZRs、GA和IAA的含量降低,分别比嘎拉降低了5.5%、12.3%、16.7%和16.6%;(IAA+GAs+ZRs)/ABA的比值降低了10%。
The morphological characters, fruit quality, photosynthesis characteristics and endogenous hormone content of an early ripening bud mutation in Gala apple were studied with Gala as control. The results were as follows:
1. DNA of the early ripening bud mutation and Gala was analyzed based on AFLP data of 80 pairs of primer. And 2945 bands were amplified including 3 polymorphic bands, and 0.101% of the total bands were polymorphism bands. The genetic similarity index between bud mutation and maternal plant was 0.9995, and their genetic distance was 0.0005.
2. Biological characteristics of the early ripening bud mutation were studied compared with Gala as the control. The results indicated that the phenological period of the early bud mutation was mainly consistent with Gala but the mature period about 25 days earlier.The bud mutation had shorter tree bodies, more branches and lower growth rate of trunk diameter. The length of internode, the width and thickness of leaf were 1.07, 1.15 and 1.16 times than the control, respectively. There was no difference in the length of branch, leaf and petiole. The length and width of petal, lengthways and transverse of anther diameter, length and diameter of anthocaulus, germination rate of anther, and the size of corolla were 0.87, 1.15, 0.94, 1.14, 0.63, 1.49, 0.70 and 0.87 times than the control, respectively. The average fruit weigth was 206.2 g, which was 25.3% higher than the control. The content of soluble solid, soluble sugar and soluble acid were 13.87%, 5.55% and 0.1%, which was 4%, 9% and 66.6% lower than the control, respectively. The sugar acid ratio was 56, which was 267% higher than the control. The fruit surface was covered with striped red equably. In conclusion, the early bud mutation was a excellent variety with bigger fruit size and higher sugar acid ratio,compared with other varieties matured in the same period.
3. Study on photosynthesis characteristics indicated that diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and carbon dioxide concentration presented a single peak curve both in the early maturing bud mutation and Gala, and the highest values appeared at 10:00, 10:00, 12:00 and about 12:00, respectively. The whole day net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate were 10.5%, 40%, 25.5% higher than the control, respectively. And the carbon dioxide concentration was 6.2% lower than the control.
4. Study on endogenous hormone content indicated that the content of ABA、ZRs、GAs and IAA in leaf of the early ripening bud mutation were 5.5%, 12.3%, 16.7% and 16.6% lower than those in the control. And the ratio of(IAA+GAs+ZRs)to ABA was 10% lower than the control.
引文
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