动态可配置WSN通用测控系统的应用研究
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摘要
无线传感网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)融合了传感器技术、通信技术和计算机技术,实现了数据采集、传输及处理的统一,已被广泛应用于各行各业,其在测控系统中的应用也正成为研究的热点。目前各机构对基于WSN的测控系统进行独立的研究,在开发过程中势必存在大量重复开发。为此,本文提出了动态可配置WSN通用测控系统(DWSNS)的设计方案。目的在于提供一个硬件可裁减、软件可定制的基于WSN的通用测控系统的基础框架,以减少重复劳动、提高系统可重用性和开发效率。
本文的主要工作及创新点如下:
(1)在分析测控系统一般结构的基础上提出了一种基于无线传感网络的通用测控系统DWSNS的软硬件模型。
(2)根据硬件构件设计思想给出了DWSNS的通用硬件平台的设计方案,系统采用Freescale公司的MC13213作为DWSNS中测控节点的主控芯片,将模拟量输入、开关量输入、模拟量输出以及开关量输出模块作为四个独立的模块进行设计,不与主控芯片的特定引脚相连,使得测控节点的硬件功能不被固化,增加了硬件的灵活性和通用性。
(3)按照组态软件及组件的设计思想分别完成了上、下位机软件的设计。在下位机软件的设计中根据嵌入式数据库的设计思想,将配置参数按照设定的数据结构存放在嵌入式数据库中,并给出相关的Flash地址定位算法。下位机运行时根据此算法在嵌入式数据库中查找相应的配置文件,对其进行解析并依据配置文件执行相应操作,从而使下位机功能在通用框架的基础上具体化。
(4)在上位机软件的设计中,给出了具有良好用户界面的上位机配置软件,并对相应数据库进行了详细设计,使用配置软件可以方便地对DWSNS的通用硬件平台进行配置。给出了监控软件的设计,监控软件根据配置软件生成的XML文件生成针对具体系统的监控界面,实现对WSN中各测控节点的监控。
(5)为了验证DWSNS的可行性和可靠性,本文最后给出了使用DWSNS进行配置式开发的应用实例。
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) integrates sensor technology, communication and computer technology to unify data collection, transmission and processing, it has been widely used in various industries, the application and research on the measure and control system is also becoming a hotspot. At present institutes are researching the measure and control system which based on WSN separately, as a result, a lot of repeated work on development has been done. For this reason, this paper puts forward a design of dynamic configurable WSN universal measure and control system (DWSNS). The aim is to provide a basic frame of universal measure and control system which based on the WSN, on which hardware can be trimmed and software can be customized so as to reduce duplication of work and improve reusability and development efficiency.
The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:
(1) Provide a universal software and hardware model of DWSNS in the analysis of general structure of measurement and control system.
(2) Provide a design of universal hardware platform of DWSNS according to the design theory of hardware component. MC13213 from Freescale company is chosen as the main control chip, analog and switch input/output modules are designed as separate modules and not connected with the specific pin of the main control chip. This method makes the hardware functions of measuring and controlling nodes not cured and improve the flexibility and versatility of the hardware.
(3) According to the theories of configuration software and software component, the designs of upper and lower computer software are finished. The design of lower computer software based on the idea of embedded database , that is, to store configuration parameters into embedded database in accordance to certain data structure and give relevant flash address location algorithm, the lower computer can search for corresponding configuration file in the embedded database according to the algorithm and then analyze and perform corresponding operation in the way of configuration file so that the general function of lower computer can be changed to dedicated function.
(4) On the design of upper computer software, this paper provides configuration software with good user interface and detailed design is made for its database. User can Application and Research of Dynamic Configurable WSN Universal Measure and Control System Abstract make configurations easily to the universal hardware platform of DWSNS through configuration software. In addition, this paper also provides the design of monitoring software, the software can generate monitoring interface for specific system on the basis of XML file generated by configuration software so that the monitoring of each measuring and controlling node in WSN is achieved.
(5) In order to test and verify the feasibility and reliability of DWSNS, in the last part of this paper actual application examples developed under DWSNS are provided.
本文的主要工作及创新点如下:
(1)在分析测控系统一般结构的基础上提出了一种基于无线传感网络的通用测控系统DWSNS的软硬件模型。
(2)根据硬件构件设计思想给出了DWSNS的通用硬件平台的设计方案,系统采用Freescale公司的MC13213作为DWSNS中测控节点的主控芯片,将模拟量输入、开关量输入、模拟量输出以及开关量输出模块作为四个独立的模块进行设计,不与主控芯片的特定引脚相连,使得测控节点的硬件功能不被固化,增加了硬件的灵活性和通用性。
(3)按照组态软件及组件的设计思想分别完成了上、下位机软件的设计。在下位机软件的设计中根据嵌入式数据库的设计思想,将配置参数按照设定的数据结构存放在嵌入式数据库中,并给出相关的Flash地址定位算法。下位机运行时根据此算法在嵌入式数据库中查找相应的配置文件,对其进行解析并依据配置文件执行相应操作,从而使下位机功能在通用框架的基础上具体化。
(4)在上位机软件的设计中,给出了具有良好用户界面的上位机配置软件,并对相应数据库进行了详细设计,使用配置软件可以方便地对DWSNS的通用硬件平台进行配置。给出了监控软件的设计,监控软件根据配置软件生成的XML文件生成针对具体系统的监控界面,实现对WSN中各测控节点的监控。
(5)为了验证DWSNS的可行性和可靠性,本文最后给出了使用DWSNS进行配置式开发的应用实例。
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) integrates sensor technology, communication and computer technology to unify data collection, transmission and processing, it has been widely used in various industries, the application and research on the measure and control system is also becoming a hotspot. At present institutes are researching the measure and control system which based on WSN separately, as a result, a lot of repeated work on development has been done. For this reason, this paper puts forward a design of dynamic configurable WSN universal measure and control system (DWSNS). The aim is to provide a basic frame of universal measure and control system which based on the WSN, on which hardware can be trimmed and software can be customized so as to reduce duplication of work and improve reusability and development efficiency.
The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:
(1) Provide a universal software and hardware model of DWSNS in the analysis of general structure of measurement and control system.
(2) Provide a design of universal hardware platform of DWSNS according to the design theory of hardware component. MC13213 from Freescale company is chosen as the main control chip, analog and switch input/output modules are designed as separate modules and not connected with the specific pin of the main control chip. This method makes the hardware functions of measuring and controlling nodes not cured and improve the flexibility and versatility of the hardware.
(3) According to the theories of configuration software and software component, the designs of upper and lower computer software are finished. The design of lower computer software based on the idea of embedded database , that is, to store configuration parameters into embedded database in accordance to certain data structure and give relevant flash address location algorithm, the lower computer can search for corresponding configuration file in the embedded database according to the algorithm and then analyze and perform corresponding operation in the way of configuration file so that the general function of lower computer can be changed to dedicated function.
(4) On the design of upper computer software, this paper provides configuration software with good user interface and detailed design is made for its database. User can Application and Research of Dynamic Configurable WSN Universal Measure and Control System Abstract make configurations easily to the universal hardware platform of DWSNS through configuration software. In addition, this paper also provides the design of monitoring software, the software can generate monitoring interface for specific system on the basis of XML file generated by configuration software so that the monitoring of each measuring and controlling node in WSN is achieved.
(5) In order to test and verify the feasibility and reliability of DWSNS, in the last part of this paper actual application examples developed under DWSNS are provided.
引文
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[2] Akyildiz IF, SuW, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. A survey on sensor networks[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8): 102-114
[3] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. Wireless sensor networks:A survey[J]. Computer Networks, 2002, 38(4): 393-422
[4] Cui L, Ju HL, Miao Y,Li TP, Liu W, Zhao Z. Overview of wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2005, 42(1): 163-174
[5] Bunse Christian, Gross Hans-Gerhard. Unifying Hardware and Software Components for Embedded System Development[M]. Arehi’teeting Systems with Trustworthy Components, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
[6] Anders I.Morch, Gunnar Stevens, Markus Won, Markus Klann, et al. Component-Based Technologies for End-User Development[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2004 47(9): 59-62
[7]张世琨,张文娟,常欣等.基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装[J].软件学报,2001,12(9):1351-1359
[8]周淳,邓中亮.嵌入式组件技术的研究及应用[J].现代电子技术,2009,32(6):50-52
[9] Ivica Crnkovic, Magnus Larsson. Building Reliable Component-Based Software System[M]. USA: Artech House, 2002
[10] Clemens Szyperski. Component Software:Beyond Object-Oriental Programming[M]. Second Edition. New York: ACM, Press and Addison-Wesley, 2002
[11]任子晖,李建刚,张阁.基于组态王的船舱综合监控系统[J].仪表技术与传感器,2010(8):54-56
[12]黄天戍,刘奇志,任清珍等.组态软件在工业监控系统中的二次开发[J].武汉水利电力大学学报.1999,32(2):77-79,84
[13]张国应.工业控制中嵌入式组态软件设计[D].华中科技大学控制科学与工程学院,2004
[14]刘耀.基于组件技术的组态软件的研究与设计[D].中南大学信息科学与工程学院,2004
[15]丁香成.无线传感器网络路由协议研究[D].湖南师范大学物理与信息科学学院,2008
[16] Wang Zhu, WangQ, HaoXiaoqiang. The Design of the Remote Water Quality Monitoring System based on WSN[J]. The 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2009: 1-4
[17]王翥,郝晓强,魏德宝.基于WSN和GPRS网络的远程水质监测系统[J].仪表技术与传感器,2010(1):48-52
[18]王欣.基于工业以太网和现场总线技术的控制站[D].山东大学信息科学与工程学院,2006
[19]祝叶.嵌入式以太网远程测控系统通用平台的开发及应用[D].苏州大学计算机科学与技术学院,2009
[20]郑洪静.基于嵌入式Web服务器的测控系统的开发[D].苏州大学计算机科学与技术学院,2006
[21]薛丰,陶波,丁汉等.基于无线传感器的远程测控系统的设计与实现[J].传感器技术,2004,23(8):41-43
[22]马国华.监控组态软件及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001,1-99
[23]王亚民,陈青,刘畅生,王水平.组态软件设计与开发[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:1-88
[24]王常力.分布式控制系统设计与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:89-251
[25]马万里,王平.基于以太网工厂自动化标准的组态软件设计与开发[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005(10):1357-1360
[26]组态王6.3用户手册,北京亚控白动化软件科技公司
[27]新版组态王入门手册,北京亚控白动化软件科技公司
[28]赵民正.面向监控的组态软件技术分析和设计[D].浙江大学信息科学与工程学院,2002
[29]李郴,孙继平,王瑛.组态软件中功能模块设计[J].煤矿设计,2000(10):17-19
[30]李志明,沈嗣昌等.通用数据采集与过程控制系统软件的开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2000,36(5):114-117,159
[31]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[32] Gislason Drew, Gillman Tim. ZigBee wireless sensor networks--ZigBee is anemerging wireless protocol designed for low-cost, high-reliability sensor networks[J]. Software Tools for the Professional Programmer, 2004
[33] Hamid Gharavi, Srikanta P.Kumar. Special issues on sensor networks and applications[J]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 2003, 91(08): 1151-1153
[34]彭木根,姜涌,王文博.无线数字家庭网络泛在接入技术[J].中兴通讯技术,2006,12(4):46-51
[35]王锐华,益晓新,于全.ZigBee与Bluetooth的比较及共存分析[J].测控技术,2005,24(6):53-55
[36]吴光荣,章剑雄,徐向华.ZigBee网络系统节点硬件设计与实现[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2008,28(4):49-52
[37] Alliance Z.zigbee specification. Zigbee Document 053474r13, 2006
[38]王宜怀,陈建明,蒋银珍.基于32位ColdFire构建嵌入式系统[M].电子工业出版社,2009
[39]张会彦.新型构件化组态软件中实时数据库设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2009,26(7):153-154,174
[40]赵磊,杜玉兰.一种基于XML的数据通信模型的设计与实现[J].计算机与信息技术,2007(08):16-19
[41]熊育悦,赵哲身.XML语言及相关技术综述[J].仪表技术,2002(3):37-39
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