软件无线电在遥控遥测基带系统中的应用研究
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摘要
遥控遥测系统正朝着通用化、标准化的方向发展。传统的由硬件组成、根据某种特定用途而设计、无法有效共享互通的遥控遥测系统已经难以适应发展需求。而近年来迅速发展的软件无线电技术能很好地解决这个问题。软件无线电的特点是系统的功能可以用软件来定义,从而在不改变硬件结构的情况下通过更换软件来变更系统的功能。
本课题提出了将软件无线电应用到遥控遥测系统中的技术方案。实现了遥控遥测的基带系统的软件无线电技术应用,并在基于FPGA的通用硬件平台上实现了遥控遥测基带系统关键模块的详细设计。首先,深入研究了软件无线电理论基础、系统结构以及遥控遥测系统的组成及理论基础,提出了一种易于采用软件无线电技术的QPSK的调制解调方案。其次,本文采用了Matlab/Simulink来进行整个系统的建模及可行性分析。最后,本文在基于FPGA的通用平台上,具体实现了遥控遥测基带系统的各个组成部分。通过Verilog HDL语言编写了可综合代码,并在集成开发环境ISE下,通过ModelSim进行波形仿真从而检验了设计结果。这些实现的关键模块包括遥控遥测基带系统中发射部分的差错控制编码、成形滤波、内插滤波;接收部分的同步、维特比译码等。
Remote Control and Telemetry system is developing toward standardization and generalization. Traditionally, the system was constructed all by the hardware, which was designed for the specifical function and can not share the resource.This kind of system can hardly meet the requirements of development. The software radio which booms recently can resolve this problem favourably. The characters of software radio lies in that the functions of the system can be defined by the software independently. You can change the functions of the system only by modifying the software, without changing the structure of the hardware at all.
This paper puts forward the scheme of applying software radio in the system of Remote Control and Telemetry. The application in base-band of this system which based on the universal platform of FPGA had been realised. Firstly, deep research of the basic theory about software radio and the Remote Control and Telemetry system had been done. Based on this, a sheme about the realization of the QPSK modem was placed. Secondly, the whole system feasibility was modeled and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. In the end, based on the universal platform of FPGA and the language of Verilog HDL, the key modules were built. This paper realized the key modules of the base-band of the Telemetry and Telecomm system. These modules were comprised of the realization of FEC, the shape of base-band wave, interpolation, synchronization and decode of Viterbi. All the design of these modules can be simulated under the simulation environment of ISE and Modelsim.
本课题提出了将软件无线电应用到遥控遥测系统中的技术方案。实现了遥控遥测的基带系统的软件无线电技术应用,并在基于FPGA的通用硬件平台上实现了遥控遥测基带系统关键模块的详细设计。首先,深入研究了软件无线电理论基础、系统结构以及遥控遥测系统的组成及理论基础,提出了一种易于采用软件无线电技术的QPSK的调制解调方案。其次,本文采用了Matlab/Simulink来进行整个系统的建模及可行性分析。最后,本文在基于FPGA的通用平台上,具体实现了遥控遥测基带系统的各个组成部分。通过Verilog HDL语言编写了可综合代码,并在集成开发环境ISE下,通过ModelSim进行波形仿真从而检验了设计结果。这些实现的关键模块包括遥控遥测基带系统中发射部分的差错控制编码、成形滤波、内插滤波;接收部分的同步、维特比译码等。
Remote Control and Telemetry system is developing toward standardization and generalization. Traditionally, the system was constructed all by the hardware, which was designed for the specifical function and can not share the resource.This kind of system can hardly meet the requirements of development. The software radio which booms recently can resolve this problem favourably. The characters of software radio lies in that the functions of the system can be defined by the software independently. You can change the functions of the system only by modifying the software, without changing the structure of the hardware at all.
This paper puts forward the scheme of applying software radio in the system of Remote Control and Telemetry. The application in base-band of this system which based on the universal platform of FPGA had been realised. Firstly, deep research of the basic theory about software radio and the Remote Control and Telemetry system had been done. Based on this, a sheme about the realization of the QPSK modem was placed. Secondly, the whole system feasibility was modeled and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. In the end, based on the universal platform of FPGA and the language of Verilog HDL, the key modules were built. This paper realized the key modules of the base-band of the Telemetry and Telecomm system. These modules were comprised of the realization of FEC, the shape of base-band wave, interpolation, synchronization and decode of Viterbi. All the design of these modules can be simulated under the simulation environment of ISE and Modelsim.
引文
[1] Edwards. C, hina goes solo‘3G’mobile radio, IEE Review, Feb 2003: 20-21.
[2] Joseph Mitola III,《软件无线电体系结构-应用于无线系统工程中德面向对象的方法》,北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003 年 1 月:2-345.
[3] Lackey. R. I., Upmal. D. W., Speakeasy: the military software radio, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 1995, vol(33):56-61.
[4] Mitola.J., the software radio architecture, IEEE communications Magazine, May 1995, vol(31): 26-38.
[5] Srikathyayani Srikateswara, Jeffrey H. Reed, Peter Athanas, et al., A soft radio Architecture for Reconfigurable Platforms, IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 2000, Vol(38):140-147.
[6] Thierry Turletii, Hans J. Bentzen, David Tennehouse, Towards the software realization of a GSM base station, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, April 1999, Vol(17):603-612.
[7] Joseph Mitola III, Technical challenges in the globalization of software radio, IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 1999:84-89.
[8] 杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良等, 软件无线电原理与应用, 电子工业出版社,2001 年 1 月:1-212.
[9] Jim Hoffmeyer, Il-Pyung Park, Panasonic Milap Majmundar, et al., Radio Software Download for Commercial Wireless Reconfigurable Devices, IEEE Radio Communications, March 2004:26-32.
[10] 刘蕴才,姚奇松,房鸿瑞等, 遥测遥控系统, 国防工业出版社, 2000 年 4 月:1-103.
[11] 欧阳长月, 遥测遥控原理, 电子工业出版社, 1984 年 10 月:1-375.
[12] Elliot L. Gruenberg, Editor-in Chief, Handbook of Telemetry And Remote Control, Mcgraw-Hill Book Co, 1997.
[13] Hallberg E, Kaminer I, Pascoam A., Develogment of a flight test system for unmanned air vehicles[J], IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 1999,19(1):55-56.
[14] 谭维织, 遥测遥控面临的转变, 遥测遥控, 2005 年第 21 卷第 3 期:6-7.
[15] 宗孔德, 多抽样率信号处理, 清华大学出版社, 1996 年:38-65.
[16] Hentschel. T., Fettweis. G. P., Sample rate coversion for software radio, IEEECommunications Mgazine, Aug 2000:142-150.
[17] Goodman D. J., Carey M. J., Nine Digital Filters For Decimation and Interpolation, IEEE Transactions on Acustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1977,25(4):121-126.
[18] 孙晓兵, 中频正交采样的设计与实现结果, 现代雷达, 1995 年第 17 卷第 6 期:37-41.
[19] Liu. H. L., Stockmann. P. H., A new quadrature sampling and processing approach, Sept 1989:733-748.
[20] L-N. Lee, A. Shenoy, M. K. Eng., Digital signal processor-based programmable BPSK/QPSK/offset QPSK modems [J], Comsat Technical Review, 1989.
[21] 黄正, BPSK、QPSK 及其解调, 卫星通信, 2003 年第 1 卷第 103 期:43-47.
[22] Wayne Tomasi 等, 电子通信系统, 电子工业出版社, 2002 年 8 月:460-479.
[23] 阎波,程辉,刘学林等, 高速数据调制解调技术, 调制技术, 2003年第29卷第3期:54-57.
[24] 阎华,范宇, 差错控制编码技术应用研究, 航空兵器, 2005 年第 4 期:30-34.
[25] 樊昌信,张甫翊等, 通信原理, 国防工业出版社, 2001 年 5 月:303-315.
[26] 傅海阳,赵品勇, SDH 微波通信系统, 人民邮电出版社, 2000 年 1 月:108-109.
[27] Defly K. et al, Differential Detection of the OQPSK Signal:Coding and Decoding, IEEE Internat, Conf On Commun., June 1989:11-14.
[28] 乌欣, 基于 FIR 脉冲成形滤波器的设计与实现, 西安通信学院学报, 2004 年第 3 卷第四期:29-32.
[29] 郑继禹,林基明, 同步理论与技术, 电子工业出版社, 2002 年 12 月:1-161.
[30] 王薇,陈晖, 高速数据传输载波恢复的原理与仿真, 无线电工程, 2005 年第 35 卷第 5期:43-45.
[31] Richard Citta, Frequency and phase lock loop[J], IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1997, Vol(3):358-365.
[32] 王磊,郝士琦,李洪涛, 利用数控振荡器对 QPSK 信号的载波恢复, 舰船电子工程, 2006年第 26 卷第 3 期:141-143.
[33] 高敏,朱克勤, 高速 DQPSK 解调器的算法及实现, 上海航天, 2004 年第 4 期:24-27.
[34] L. E. Franks, Carrier and Bit Synchronization in Data Communication-A Tutorial Review, IEEE Trans. Commun, Aug 1980:1557-1565.
[35] Pecora LM., Carroll TL., Synchronization in chaotic systems[J], Phys Rev Lett, 1990:821-823.
[36] 李雅静,耿卫东,贾连芹等, 一种采用 N 先于 M 环路滤波器的全数字锁相环的设计实现,光电子技术, 2005 年第 25 卷第 3 期:141-146.
[37] 徐燕玲,董公昌,胡淑巧等, 基于现场可编程门阵列的位同步时钟提取技术研究,探测与控制学报, 2006 年第 28 卷第 2 期:61-64.
[38] 王新梅,肖国镇, 纠错码-原理与方法, 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001 年 7月:243-273.
[39] 张宗澄, 纠错码原理和应用, 电子工业出版社, 2003 年 1 月:78-109.
[40] 邓华等, MATLAB 通信仿真及应用实例详述, 人民邮电出版社, 2003 年 9 月:1-256.
[41] 王立宁,乐光新,詹菲等, MATLAB 与通信仿真, 电子工业出版社, 2000 年 4 月:1-200.
[42] 孙屹,顺磊等, Simulink 通信开发手册, 国防工业出版社, 2004 年 10 月:1-276.
[43] 刘会杰,张乃通, QPSK 信号载波提取的仿真研究, 系统工程与电子技术, 2003 年第 25卷第 4 期:394-396.
[44] Cumming M,Harugama S, FPGA in the software radio[J], IEEE Communications Magazine, 1999,37(2):108-112.
[45] 锗振勇,翁木云等, FPGA 设计及应用, 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002 年 7 月:1-24.
[46] 王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮, FPGA/CPLD 设计工具 Xilinx ISE5.x 使用详解, 人民邮电出版社, 2003 年 6 月:1-189.
[47] 刘明业,蒋敬旗,刁岚松等, 硬件描述语言 Verilog, 清华大学出版社, 2001 年 5 月:1-38.
[48] Suk Ho Lee, The Role of Distributed Arithmetic in FPGA-based signal processing, Naval Post-graduate School Monterey. Califomia AD-A164-199, 1999:33-45.
[49] Luis Aberto Munoz, FPGA-based FIR Filter Using BitSerial Digital Processing, Naval Post-graduate School Monterey. Califomia AD-A264-522, 1999:25-36.
[50] E Hongenauer, An economical class of digital filters for decimation and interpolation[J], IEEE Transaction on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Proc,1981,29(2):155-162. [51 ]张雅珍,于映, 基于 VerilogHDL 语言的 DPLL 的数控振荡器设计, 国外电子测量技术, 2006 年第 25 卷第 1 期:21-23.
[52] 崔建庆,石江宏, 基于 FPGA 的积分型锁相环的设计与实现,现代电子技术,2005 年第 1期:101-103.
[53] 黄君凯,王鑫, 一种高速 Viterbi 译码器的优化设计及 Verilog 实现, 微电子学与计算机, 2005 年第 22 卷第 1 期:178-182.
[54] 沈礼权,李明,王梦等, CDMA2000 系统中通用高速维特比译码器的设计与实现, 无线通信技术, 2005 年第 4 期:48-50.
[2] Joseph Mitola III,《软件无线电体系结构-应用于无线系统工程中德面向对象的方法》,北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003 年 1 月:2-345.
[3] Lackey. R. I., Upmal. D. W., Speakeasy: the military software radio, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 1995, vol(33):56-61.
[4] Mitola.J., the software radio architecture, IEEE communications Magazine, May 1995, vol(31): 26-38.
[5] Srikathyayani Srikateswara, Jeffrey H. Reed, Peter Athanas, et al., A soft radio Architecture for Reconfigurable Platforms, IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 2000, Vol(38):140-147.
[6] Thierry Turletii, Hans J. Bentzen, David Tennehouse, Towards the software realization of a GSM base station, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, April 1999, Vol(17):603-612.
[7] Joseph Mitola III, Technical challenges in the globalization of software radio, IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb 1999:84-89.
[8] 杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良等, 软件无线电原理与应用, 电子工业出版社,2001 年 1 月:1-212.
[9] Jim Hoffmeyer, Il-Pyung Park, Panasonic Milap Majmundar, et al., Radio Software Download for Commercial Wireless Reconfigurable Devices, IEEE Radio Communications, March 2004:26-32.
[10] 刘蕴才,姚奇松,房鸿瑞等, 遥测遥控系统, 国防工业出版社, 2000 年 4 月:1-103.
[11] 欧阳长月, 遥测遥控原理, 电子工业出版社, 1984 年 10 月:1-375.
[12] Elliot L. Gruenberg, Editor-in Chief, Handbook of Telemetry And Remote Control, Mcgraw-Hill Book Co, 1997.
[13] Hallberg E, Kaminer I, Pascoam A., Develogment of a flight test system for unmanned air vehicles[J], IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 1999,19(1):55-56.
[14] 谭维织, 遥测遥控面临的转变, 遥测遥控, 2005 年第 21 卷第 3 期:6-7.
[15] 宗孔德, 多抽样率信号处理, 清华大学出版社, 1996 年:38-65.
[16] Hentschel. T., Fettweis. G. P., Sample rate coversion for software radio, IEEECommunications Mgazine, Aug 2000:142-150.
[17] Goodman D. J., Carey M. J., Nine Digital Filters For Decimation and Interpolation, IEEE Transactions on Acustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1977,25(4):121-126.
[18] 孙晓兵, 中频正交采样的设计与实现结果, 现代雷达, 1995 年第 17 卷第 6 期:37-41.
[19] Liu. H. L., Stockmann. P. H., A new quadrature sampling and processing approach, Sept 1989:733-748.
[20] L-N. Lee, A. Shenoy, M. K. Eng., Digital signal processor-based programmable BPSK/QPSK/offset QPSK modems [J], Comsat Technical Review, 1989.
[21] 黄正, BPSK、QPSK 及其解调, 卫星通信, 2003 年第 1 卷第 103 期:43-47.
[22] Wayne Tomasi 等, 电子通信系统, 电子工业出版社, 2002 年 8 月:460-479.
[23] 阎波,程辉,刘学林等, 高速数据调制解调技术, 调制技术, 2003年第29卷第3期:54-57.
[24] 阎华,范宇, 差错控制编码技术应用研究, 航空兵器, 2005 年第 4 期:30-34.
[25] 樊昌信,张甫翊等, 通信原理, 国防工业出版社, 2001 年 5 月:303-315.
[26] 傅海阳,赵品勇, SDH 微波通信系统, 人民邮电出版社, 2000 年 1 月:108-109.
[27] Defly K. et al, Differential Detection of the OQPSK Signal:Coding and Decoding, IEEE Internat, Conf On Commun., June 1989:11-14.
[28] 乌欣, 基于 FIR 脉冲成形滤波器的设计与实现, 西安通信学院学报, 2004 年第 3 卷第四期:29-32.
[29] 郑继禹,林基明, 同步理论与技术, 电子工业出版社, 2002 年 12 月:1-161.
[30] 王薇,陈晖, 高速数据传输载波恢复的原理与仿真, 无线电工程, 2005 年第 35 卷第 5期:43-45.
[31] Richard Citta, Frequency and phase lock loop[J], IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1997, Vol(3):358-365.
[32] 王磊,郝士琦,李洪涛, 利用数控振荡器对 QPSK 信号的载波恢复, 舰船电子工程, 2006年第 26 卷第 3 期:141-143.
[33] 高敏,朱克勤, 高速 DQPSK 解调器的算法及实现, 上海航天, 2004 年第 4 期:24-27.
[34] L. E. Franks, Carrier and Bit Synchronization in Data Communication-A Tutorial Review, IEEE Trans. Commun, Aug 1980:1557-1565.
[35] Pecora LM., Carroll TL., Synchronization in chaotic systems[J], Phys Rev Lett, 1990:821-823.
[36] 李雅静,耿卫东,贾连芹等, 一种采用 N 先于 M 环路滤波器的全数字锁相环的设计实现,光电子技术, 2005 年第 25 卷第 3 期:141-146.
[37] 徐燕玲,董公昌,胡淑巧等, 基于现场可编程门阵列的位同步时钟提取技术研究,探测与控制学报, 2006 年第 28 卷第 2 期:61-64.
[38] 王新梅,肖国镇, 纠错码-原理与方法, 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001 年 7月:243-273.
[39] 张宗澄, 纠错码原理和应用, 电子工业出版社, 2003 年 1 月:78-109.
[40] 邓华等, MATLAB 通信仿真及应用实例详述, 人民邮电出版社, 2003 年 9 月:1-256.
[41] 王立宁,乐光新,詹菲等, MATLAB 与通信仿真, 电子工业出版社, 2000 年 4 月:1-200.
[42] 孙屹,顺磊等, Simulink 通信开发手册, 国防工业出版社, 2004 年 10 月:1-276.
[43] 刘会杰,张乃通, QPSK 信号载波提取的仿真研究, 系统工程与电子技术, 2003 年第 25卷第 4 期:394-396.
[44] Cumming M,Harugama S, FPGA in the software radio[J], IEEE Communications Magazine, 1999,37(2):108-112.
[45] 锗振勇,翁木云等, FPGA 设计及应用, 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002 年 7 月:1-24.
[46] 王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮, FPGA/CPLD 设计工具 Xilinx ISE5.x 使用详解, 人民邮电出版社, 2003 年 6 月:1-189.
[47] 刘明业,蒋敬旗,刁岚松等, 硬件描述语言 Verilog, 清华大学出版社, 2001 年 5 月:1-38.
[48] Suk Ho Lee, The Role of Distributed Arithmetic in FPGA-based signal processing, Naval Post-graduate School Monterey. Califomia AD-A164-199, 1999:33-45.
[49] Luis Aberto Munoz, FPGA-based FIR Filter Using BitSerial Digital Processing, Naval Post-graduate School Monterey. Califomia AD-A264-522, 1999:25-36.
[50] E Hongenauer, An economical class of digital filters for decimation and interpolation[J], IEEE Transaction on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Proc,1981,29(2):155-162. [51 ]张雅珍,于映, 基于 VerilogHDL 语言的 DPLL 的数控振荡器设计, 国外电子测量技术, 2006 年第 25 卷第 1 期:21-23.
[52] 崔建庆,石江宏, 基于 FPGA 的积分型锁相环的设计与实现,现代电子技术,2005 年第 1期:101-103.
[53] 黄君凯,王鑫, 一种高速 Viterbi 译码器的优化设计及 Verilog 实现, 微电子学与计算机, 2005 年第 22 卷第 1 期:178-182.
[54] 沈礼权,李明,王梦等, CDMA2000 系统中通用高速维特比译码器的设计与实现, 无线通信技术, 2005 年第 4 期:48-50.