基于嵌入式μClinux的Web服务器的设计与应用
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摘要
随着电子技术的飞速发展,嵌入式系统已经得到了广泛的应用。嵌入式系统具有体积小、功耗低、功能强等特点,目前已经广泛用于军事国防、工业控制及智能家电等领域。随着网络技术的快速发展,越来越多的嵌入式设备要求内嵌Web服务器,以便通过Internet网络对它们进行访问、控制。如何通过Internet来实现对远程数据进行数据采集成为研究的热点。在这种情况下,研究并实现嵌入式Web服务器就成为关键。它为管理、控制和监测各种各样的设备提供了一个很好的途径。
课题采用三星公司ARM处理器S3C44B0X作为硬件核心,使用μClinux操作系统,兼顾系统成本与性能要求,做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,文章分析了系统设计的要求,并根据该要求分析了系统设计的方法及原则。另外,分析了各种处理器的优缺点,确定选用ARM处理器S3C44B0X作为硬件核心来进行设计;通过对多种嵌入式操作系统的对比研究,确定采用体积小、实时性高的μClinux作为嵌入式Web服务器的操作系统。
其次,本文研究并确定硬件系统的基本构架,设计了以处理器S3C44B0X为核心、辅以基本的系统外围设备来搭建出嵌入式Web服务器的硬件平台,并针对远程数据采集的应用简要设计了以单片机为核心的温度采集电路。
再次,研究并分析了Bootloader的操作模式和S3C44B0X的重映射机制;分析了μClinux操作系统的内核的组成结构及μClinux的目录结构,并在此基础上将μClinux操作系统移植到硬件平台中去,建立了带有网络功能的软件平台。
最后,研究了嵌入式Web服务器的实现方法,并确定使用体积小、源码开放、性能高的boa服务器进行设计;随后完成了Boa服务器在μClinux操作系统上的设计,并实现了对远程数据的采集和控制,其中主要包括对TCP/IP协议栈的研究、应用程序的开发、CGI与动态服务器的实现等。
结果表明:本课题设计的基于嵌入式μClinux的Web服务器具有一定的应用价值,并为后续的研究工作提供一定的基础,它可以应用在远程监控、工业控制等很多领域。
With the rapid development of electronic technology, embedded system has been widely used. Embedded system is small in size, low power consumption, strong functions, and other characteristics, and it has been widely used in military and national defense, industrial control and intelligent appliances, and other fields. With the rapid development of network technology, more and more embedded devices require embedded web server to the network through the Internet and to be visit and control. How to collect the remote data through the Internet has been the foucs of the research. In such case, research and realization of embedded web server become a key. It provides a good way for management, control and monitoring of various kind of equipment provides.
The subject had done the following aspects of work which used Samsung ARM processor core S3C44B0X as hardware , usedμClinux as operating system,and balanced system cost and performance requirements.
Firstly, this article analyzed the requirements to design the system, and analyzed the methods and principles to design the system according to this requirements. In addition, it analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the various processors, and decided to use the ARM processor S3C44B0X as hardware to design the system; This article determined to use theμClinux as embedded Web Server operating system which is small size, high practicability by comparing the variety of embedded operating system.
Secondly, the article researched and confirmed the basic framework of the hardware system, and designed to use S3C44B0X processors as the core, supplemented by the basic system peripherals to build a Web server embedded hardware platforms and contraposes the remote data collection's application ,design the temperature acquisition circuit based on the MCU.
Thirdly, the article studied and analysed the operation mode of the Bootloader and the re-mapping mechanism of the S3C44B0X. And then it analysed the kernel frame and the directory structure of theμClinux opration system, and planted the system to the hardware platform, and set up the software platform with the network function.
Finally, this article studied the method to design a Web server, and decided to use the boa to design it, which is small, open-source and high-performance. Then the article finished the design of the Boa Web serve on theμClinux system, and completes the collection and control of the remote data, and which mainly includes the study of the TCP/IP protocol stack, development of the application program, and the complete of CGI and dynamic web server.
The results showed that the Web sever which designed based embeddedμClinux system have a certain value, and it provide a foundation for the follow-up studies, and it can be used in remote monitoring, industrial control and many other areas.
课题采用三星公司ARM处理器S3C44B0X作为硬件核心,使用μClinux操作系统,兼顾系统成本与性能要求,做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,文章分析了系统设计的要求,并根据该要求分析了系统设计的方法及原则。另外,分析了各种处理器的优缺点,确定选用ARM处理器S3C44B0X作为硬件核心来进行设计;通过对多种嵌入式操作系统的对比研究,确定采用体积小、实时性高的μClinux作为嵌入式Web服务器的操作系统。
其次,本文研究并确定硬件系统的基本构架,设计了以处理器S3C44B0X为核心、辅以基本的系统外围设备来搭建出嵌入式Web服务器的硬件平台,并针对远程数据采集的应用简要设计了以单片机为核心的温度采集电路。
再次,研究并分析了Bootloader的操作模式和S3C44B0X的重映射机制;分析了μClinux操作系统的内核的组成结构及μClinux的目录结构,并在此基础上将μClinux操作系统移植到硬件平台中去,建立了带有网络功能的软件平台。
最后,研究了嵌入式Web服务器的实现方法,并确定使用体积小、源码开放、性能高的boa服务器进行设计;随后完成了Boa服务器在μClinux操作系统上的设计,并实现了对远程数据的采集和控制,其中主要包括对TCP/IP协议栈的研究、应用程序的开发、CGI与动态服务器的实现等。
结果表明:本课题设计的基于嵌入式μClinux的Web服务器具有一定的应用价值,并为后续的研究工作提供一定的基础,它可以应用在远程监控、工业控制等很多领域。
With the rapid development of electronic technology, embedded system has been widely used. Embedded system is small in size, low power consumption, strong functions, and other characteristics, and it has been widely used in military and national defense, industrial control and intelligent appliances, and other fields. With the rapid development of network technology, more and more embedded devices require embedded web server to the network through the Internet and to be visit and control. How to collect the remote data through the Internet has been the foucs of the research. In such case, research and realization of embedded web server become a key. It provides a good way for management, control and monitoring of various kind of equipment provides.
The subject had done the following aspects of work which used Samsung ARM processor core S3C44B0X as hardware , usedμClinux as operating system,and balanced system cost and performance requirements.
Firstly, this article analyzed the requirements to design the system, and analyzed the methods and principles to design the system according to this requirements. In addition, it analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the various processors, and decided to use the ARM processor S3C44B0X as hardware to design the system; This article determined to use theμClinux as embedded Web Server operating system which is small size, high practicability by comparing the variety of embedded operating system.
Secondly, the article researched and confirmed the basic framework of the hardware system, and designed to use S3C44B0X processors as the core, supplemented by the basic system peripherals to build a Web server embedded hardware platforms and contraposes the remote data collection's application ,design the temperature acquisition circuit based on the MCU.
Thirdly, the article studied and analysed the operation mode of the Bootloader and the re-mapping mechanism of the S3C44B0X. And then it analysed the kernel frame and the directory structure of theμClinux opration system, and planted the system to the hardware platform, and set up the software platform with the network function.
Finally, this article studied the method to design a Web server, and decided to use the boa to design it, which is small, open-source and high-performance. Then the article finished the design of the Boa Web serve on theμClinux system, and completes the collection and control of the remote data, and which mainly includes the study of the TCP/IP protocol stack, development of the application program, and the complete of CGI and dynamic web server.
The results showed that the Web sever which designed based embeddedμClinux system have a certain value, and it provide a foundation for the follow-up studies, and it can be used in remote monitoring, industrial control and many other areas.
引文
[1]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[2]田泽.ARM7嵌入式开发实验与实践.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[3]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[4]李岩,荣盘祥.基于S3C44B0X嵌入式μClinux系统原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社
[5]马忠梅,李善平.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[6]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.8,243-358
[7]马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,田泽.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[8]San Pil Moon,Joo Won Kim,KuK Ho Bae.Embedded Linux Implementation on a commercial digital TV system.Consumer Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume,2003,49(4):1402-1407
[9]Wolf,Computers As Design,Princeton University components Principles of Emebedded System,USA
[10]Schiller MW.Lopes P Pinto J L.Webcontrolled interrogation system for fiber Bragg gratings.In:Micowave and Optoelectronics Conference USA 2003,647-649
[11]Douglas E Comer,David L,Stevents Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol 1.USA:Prentice Hall,1998.
[12]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004(1):4-5
[13]Yaghmour K.Building embedded Linux Systems.USA:O'Reilly Press,2003
[14]沈勇,王贞勇.基于Web的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003.(22):19-21
[15]Philip Koopman,Embedded Systems Design Issues,The IEEE Society,2003,1063-1071
[16]李磊,杨柏大,胡维华.嵌入式Web服务器软件的设计和实现.计算机工程与应用,2003:(24)3:100-102
[17]ANDREW S.TANENBAUM,ALBERT S.WOODHULL.Operating Systems Design and Implementation(Second Edition).Prentice Hall
[18]那琳,侯铭海.Linux环境下Web服务器的构建.中国科技信息2005年08期
[19]徐明.基于S3C4480与μClinux构建web服务器.可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2005年12期
[20]Darrick Addison,Embedded Linux applications:An overview.IBM嵌入式Linux网:http://www-900.ibm.com
[21]W.Richard Stevens.UNIX环境高级编程,机械工业出版社,2000
[22]Jonatban Corbet,Alessandro Rubini&Greg Kroab-Hartman.LINUX设备驱动程序,中国电力出版社,2006
[23]Simson Garfinkel&Gene Spafford,Practical Unix&Internet Security,O'Reilly Press,1999
[24]K.Wall,M.Watson,M.Whitis et.GNU/Linux编程指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[25]Ramakrishnan A.16-bit embedded Web server.In:Sensors for Industry Conference.USA.2004.187-193
[26]Daniel W.Lewis.Fundamentals of Embedded Software:Where C and Assembly Meet.高等教育出版社,2004
[27]李善平,刘六峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,102-121
[28]Fielding,J.Gettys,J.Mogul,H.Frystyk,L.Berners-Lee,Masinter,P.Leach,T." Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1",RFC 2616,June 1999
[29]郑伟,徐荣华,王钦若.嵌入式Linux系统CGI程序设计技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):21-24
[30]徐千洋.Linux函数库参考手册.中国青年出版社,2002,1
[31]Ke Cui,Zhengwei Wu.Reaserch and implementation of remote monitoring system based on real-time μClinux.Services Systems and services Management,2005.Proceeding of ICSSM'05,2005
[32]于明俭,陈向阳,力一汉.Linux程序设计权威指南.机械工业出版社,2001
[33]王超,胡晨等.嵌入式系统中HTTP协议的实现.电子器件,Vol.25,No.1,March,2002
[34]徐明.基于S3C4480与μClinux构建web服务器.可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2005年12期
[35]陆永健,王萍,吴佳,张永力.嵌入式Web服务器Boa的移植及其应用.河海大学常州分校学报,2005年04期
[36]邱华,花骏,谢自美.μClinux下中断驱动的I/O方式.单片机与嵌入式系统应用 2005年09期
[37]黄光奇.CGI编程指南.北京:电子工业出版社1999年6月
[38]邹紧跟,符强,聂佰玲.基于Ethernet网络的远程测控技术.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),第25卷第4期
[38]中国嵌入式系统开发网:http://www.embed.com.cn
[39]Sumit Roy,Raj Kumar,Milos Prvulovic.Improving System Performance with Compressed Memory.The IEEE Computer Society,2001,S1(3):217-220
[40]杨瑞亚,肖璋.嵌入式μClinux内核启动过程分析与设计.微计算机信息,2005年13期
[41]张友生.远程控制编程技术.电子工业出版社,2001
[42]李嘉,杨佃福.嵌入式远程监控系统的开发.自动化仪表,2002,(4)
[43]裴有福.HTML实用技术.中国水利水电出版社,1998
[44]程军.单片机远程控制方案及基于互联网的实现方法.嵌入式系统应用精选200例,2001,348-351.
[2]田泽.ARM7嵌入式开发实验与实践.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[3]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[4]李岩,荣盘祥.基于S3C44B0X嵌入式μClinux系统原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社
[5]马忠梅,李善平.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社
[6]王学龙.嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.8,243-358
[7]马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,田泽.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[8]San Pil Moon,Joo Won Kim,KuK Ho Bae.Embedded Linux Implementation on a commercial digital TV system.Consumer Electronics,IEEE Transactions on Volume,2003,49(4):1402-1407
[9]Wolf,Computers As Design,Princeton University components Principles of Emebedded System,USA
[10]Schiller MW.Lopes P Pinto J L.Webcontrolled interrogation system for fiber Bragg gratings.In:Micowave and Optoelectronics Conference USA 2003,647-649
[11]Douglas E Comer,David L,Stevents Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol 1.USA:Prentice Hall,1998.
[12]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004(1):4-5
[13]Yaghmour K.Building embedded Linux Systems.USA:O'Reilly Press,2003
[14]沈勇,王贞勇.基于Web的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003.(22):19-21
[15]Philip Koopman,Embedded Systems Design Issues,The IEEE Society,2003,1063-1071
[16]李磊,杨柏大,胡维华.嵌入式Web服务器软件的设计和实现.计算机工程与应用,2003:(24)3:100-102
[17]ANDREW S.TANENBAUM,ALBERT S.WOODHULL.Operating Systems Design and Implementation(Second Edition).Prentice Hall
[18]那琳,侯铭海.Linux环境下Web服务器的构建.中国科技信息2005年08期
[19]徐明.基于S3C4480与μClinux构建web服务器.可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2005年12期
[20]Darrick Addison,Embedded Linux applications:An overview.IBM嵌入式Linux网:http://www-900.ibm.com
[21]W.Richard Stevens.UNIX环境高级编程,机械工业出版社,2000
[22]Jonatban Corbet,Alessandro Rubini&Greg Kroab-Hartman.LINUX设备驱动程序,中国电力出版社,2006
[23]Simson Garfinkel&Gene Spafford,Practical Unix&Internet Security,O'Reilly Press,1999
[24]K.Wall,M.Watson,M.Whitis et.GNU/Linux编程指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[25]Ramakrishnan A.16-bit embedded Web server.In:Sensors for Industry Conference.USA.2004.187-193
[26]Daniel W.Lewis.Fundamentals of Embedded Software:Where C and Assembly Meet.高等教育出版社,2004
[27]李善平,刘六峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,102-121
[28]Fielding,J.Gettys,J.Mogul,H.Frystyk,L.Berners-Lee,Masinter,P.Leach,T." Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1",RFC 2616,June 1999
[29]郑伟,徐荣华,王钦若.嵌入式Linux系统CGI程序设计技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(10):21-24
[30]徐千洋.Linux函数库参考手册.中国青年出版社,2002,1
[31]Ke Cui,Zhengwei Wu.Reaserch and implementation of remote monitoring system based on real-time μClinux.Services Systems and services Management,2005.Proceeding of ICSSM'05,2005
[32]于明俭,陈向阳,力一汉.Linux程序设计权威指南.机械工业出版社,2001
[33]王超,胡晨等.嵌入式系统中HTTP协议的实现.电子器件,Vol.25,No.1,March,2002
[34]徐明.基于S3C4480与μClinux构建web服务器.可编程控制器与工厂自动化,2005年12期
[35]陆永健,王萍,吴佳,张永力.嵌入式Web服务器Boa的移植及其应用.河海大学常州分校学报,2005年04期
[36]邱华,花骏,谢自美.μClinux下中断驱动的I/O方式.单片机与嵌入式系统应用 2005年09期
[37]黄光奇.CGI编程指南.北京:电子工业出版社1999年6月
[38]邹紧跟,符强,聂佰玲.基于Ethernet网络的远程测控技术.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),第25卷第4期
[38]中国嵌入式系统开发网:http://www.embed.com.cn
[39]Sumit Roy,Raj Kumar,Milos Prvulovic.Improving System Performance with Compressed Memory.The IEEE Computer Society,2001,S1(3):217-220
[40]杨瑞亚,肖璋.嵌入式μClinux内核启动过程分析与设计.微计算机信息,2005年13期
[41]张友生.远程控制编程技术.电子工业出版社,2001
[42]李嘉,杨佃福.嵌入式远程监控系统的开发.自动化仪表,2002,(4)
[43]裴有福.HTML实用技术.中国水利水电出版社,1998
[44]程军.单片机远程控制方案及基于互联网的实现方法.嵌入式系统应用精选200例,2001,348-351.