激光位移式矿浆粒度在线检测系统的研究
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摘要
选矿生产过程中,磨矿粒度是影响选矿技术经济指标的重要参数,但磨矿粒度的在线检测问题一直是从事颗粒度检测技术研究人员所要面对的难题之一,不能够实现在线粒度检测,就不能够实现整个生产过程的闭环控制,就不能完成提高产品质量和优化控制的预期目标。
本文根据国内外在线粒度检测设备的开发现状,结合工业现场的实际需求,以昆明豪原特自控有限公司设立的重点科技项目——激光位移式矿浆在线粒度智能检测系统为依托,对其进行了深入的研究与分析,将光学技术、传感器技术、自动控制技术及数理统计知识应用于矿浆粒度检测,为实现高精度的实时在线粒度测量提供了理论依据。
本文首先对位移式测量矿浆粒度进行了理论推导,并详细介绍了基于三角测量法的激光位移式测量原理,提出了检测系统的总体实现方案。其次对检测系统的硬件部分进行了详细设计,其中包括机械装置设计、控制系统的硬件设计和系统的电路设计及控制系统的抗干扰设计。然后对系统的软件部分进行了详细设计,具体包括上位机的软件设计、下位机的软件设计以及上位机与下位机之间的通讯设计。最后介绍了矿浆粒度在线检测的数学模型的实现,对系统所涉及的数学模型进行了论证和推导,建立了基于单点采集的多元线性回归模型,并对基于多点采集的多元回归模型进行了假设。
本检测系统直接在矿浆主管道之间加入测量装置,区别于其它在线检测装置的取样过程,从真正意义上实现了对矿浆的粒度进行实时在线检测。采样夹头装置的柱塞采用了左右运行的方式,区别于其它在线检测装置的上下运动方式,从而有效地避免了因矿粒沉积在采样夹头上而造成的测量误差,从理论上提高了系统检测的精度。
通过理论推导、实验研究,表明本文所研究的粒度检测技术具有一定的先进性,实现方法切实可行,具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。
In the process of mill run, ore granularity is the important parameter to influence economic index of mill run. But the on-line measuring of the ore granularity is one of the difficult problems for the researchers who are engaged in the research of the ore granularity. The on-line measuring of ore granularity and the closed-loop control of the whole producing process are the key factors to enhance the quality of products and optimized control.
Based on the empoldering actualities about on-line granularity measuring equipment at home and abroad, combined with the actual demand, and relied on the key technologyproject of Kunming Hao Yuan Te Control Limited Company--ore on-line granularitymeasuring based on laser displacement sensor which is the intelligent measuring system, the article in-depth studies and analyses the ore granularity on-line measuring based on laser displacement, and applies the optics technique, sensor technique, automation control technique and mathematical statistics in ore granularity measuring. It provides the theoretical basis for realizing the high precision and real time on-line granularity measuring.
Firstly, the article carries through the theoretical analysis of the measuring ore granularity based on displacement, particularly introduces the measuring principle of the laser displacement based on the way of triangle measuring, and brings forward the overall solution about measuring system. Secondly, the article carries through detailed design about the hardware of the measuring system, including machine design, hardware design of controlling system, circuit design of system and anti-jamming design of controlling system. Thirdly, the article carries through detailed design about software of the system, including the software design of upper PC, the software design of nether PC and communication design between upper PC and nether PC. Finally, the articles introduces the realizing mathematical model about ore granularity on-line measuring, derivates and demonstrate the mathematical model of the system, and founds the multiple linear regression model based on single point acquisition, and carries through hypothesis about multiple regression model based on more acquisition.
The measuring system directly puts the measuring equipments into the ore main pipeline, distinguishes from the sampling processes of other on-line measuring equipments. It realizes real time on-line measuring to ore granularity in real sense. The pole of the sampling collet adopts the Left-to-Right movement way, distinguishes from the Up-to-Down movement way of other on-line measuring equipments, so it effectively avoids the measuring error because of the ore depositing in the sampling collet and advances the precision of the measuring system.
Through theoretical derivation and experimental study, it is proved that the study in the article of granularity measuring technique has some advanced nature, the realizing way is practical, and has some practical value and application prospects.
本文根据国内外在线粒度检测设备的开发现状,结合工业现场的实际需求,以昆明豪原特自控有限公司设立的重点科技项目——激光位移式矿浆在线粒度智能检测系统为依托,对其进行了深入的研究与分析,将光学技术、传感器技术、自动控制技术及数理统计知识应用于矿浆粒度检测,为实现高精度的实时在线粒度测量提供了理论依据。
本文首先对位移式测量矿浆粒度进行了理论推导,并详细介绍了基于三角测量法的激光位移式测量原理,提出了检测系统的总体实现方案。其次对检测系统的硬件部分进行了详细设计,其中包括机械装置设计、控制系统的硬件设计和系统的电路设计及控制系统的抗干扰设计。然后对系统的软件部分进行了详细设计,具体包括上位机的软件设计、下位机的软件设计以及上位机与下位机之间的通讯设计。最后介绍了矿浆粒度在线检测的数学模型的实现,对系统所涉及的数学模型进行了论证和推导,建立了基于单点采集的多元线性回归模型,并对基于多点采集的多元回归模型进行了假设。
本检测系统直接在矿浆主管道之间加入测量装置,区别于其它在线检测装置的取样过程,从真正意义上实现了对矿浆的粒度进行实时在线检测。采样夹头装置的柱塞采用了左右运行的方式,区别于其它在线检测装置的上下运动方式,从而有效地避免了因矿粒沉积在采样夹头上而造成的测量误差,从理论上提高了系统检测的精度。
通过理论推导、实验研究,表明本文所研究的粒度检测技术具有一定的先进性,实现方法切实可行,具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。
In the process of mill run, ore granularity is the important parameter to influence economic index of mill run. But the on-line measuring of the ore granularity is one of the difficult problems for the researchers who are engaged in the research of the ore granularity. The on-line measuring of ore granularity and the closed-loop control of the whole producing process are the key factors to enhance the quality of products and optimized control.
Based on the empoldering actualities about on-line granularity measuring equipment at home and abroad, combined with the actual demand, and relied on the key technologyproject of Kunming Hao Yuan Te Control Limited Company--ore on-line granularitymeasuring based on laser displacement sensor which is the intelligent measuring system, the article in-depth studies and analyses the ore granularity on-line measuring based on laser displacement, and applies the optics technique, sensor technique, automation control technique and mathematical statistics in ore granularity measuring. It provides the theoretical basis for realizing the high precision and real time on-line granularity measuring.
Firstly, the article carries through the theoretical analysis of the measuring ore granularity based on displacement, particularly introduces the measuring principle of the laser displacement based on the way of triangle measuring, and brings forward the overall solution about measuring system. Secondly, the article carries through detailed design about the hardware of the measuring system, including machine design, hardware design of controlling system, circuit design of system and anti-jamming design of controlling system. Thirdly, the article carries through detailed design about software of the system, including the software design of upper PC, the software design of nether PC and communication design between upper PC and nether PC. Finally, the articles introduces the realizing mathematical model about ore granularity on-line measuring, derivates and demonstrate the mathematical model of the system, and founds the multiple linear regression model based on single point acquisition, and carries through hypothesis about multiple regression model based on more acquisition.
The measuring system directly puts the measuring equipments into the ore main pipeline, distinguishes from the sampling processes of other on-line measuring equipments. It realizes real time on-line measuring to ore granularity in real sense. The pole of the sampling collet adopts the Left-to-Right movement way, distinguishes from the Up-to-Down movement way of other on-line measuring equipments, so it effectively avoids the measuring error because of the ore depositing in the sampling collet and advances the precision of the measuring system.
Through theoretical derivation and experimental study, it is proved that the study in the article of granularity measuring technique has some advanced nature, the realizing way is practical, and has some practical value and application prospects.
引文
[1]罗放明.激光位移式矿浆粒度在线检测系统研制立项报告.昆明豪原特自控有限公司,2006年5月
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[4]崔增柱.在线颗粒度检测系统的研究与开发.硕士学位论文,浙江大学.2004.05
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[6]王乃宁.颗粒粒径的光学技术测量及应用[J].原子能出版社,1996(02):P15-21
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[8]李伟.PSI-200粒度仪的简介与应用[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2004(3):P27-31
[9]曾荣杰,王俊鹏.BPSM-Ⅰ型在线粒度分析仪的研究与应用[J],2006(06):P67-73
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[37]BROWN W K,WOHLETZK H.Derrvation of the Weibull distribution based on physical principles and its connection to the Rossin-Rammler and lognormal distributions[J].Applied Physics,1995(4)
[38]蒋仁言.威布尔模型族特征、参数估计和应用.北京:科学出版社,1998
[39]李伟.国内磨矿回路中矿浆粒度的在线检测[J].有色冶金设计与研究.2004(3):27-31
[40]曾凡,胡永平,杨毅等.矿物加工颗粒学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001
[41]冯俊艳.基于三角测量法的激光位移传感器的研制.硕士学位论文.北京交通大学,2004.03
[42]祝杰.激光三角法测量位移[J].仪器技术与传感器,1992(1):P18-20
[43]ZhuangBH.Non-contact measurement of scratch on air craft skins[J].Applied Laser,1997(2):P49-53
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[45]袁道成.适于在线测量的激光位移传感器[J].计量技术,2002(5):P3-6
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[3]张文革.液浆浓度智能化在线检测技术与实现方法研究.硕士学位论文,西北工业大学.2004.03
[4]崔增柱.在线颗粒度检测系统的研究与开发.硕士学位论文,浙江大学.2004.05
[5]张学礼,贾瑞强.矿物粒度测定方法的比较及发展前瞻[J].矿业工程.2006(06):P50-52
[6]王乃宁.颗粒粒径的光学技术测量及应用[J].原子能出版社,1996(02):P15-21
[7]葛之辉,曾云南,赵保坤.选矿过程自动检测与自动化综述[J].中国矿山工程.2006(12):P37-42
[8]李伟.PSI-200粒度仪的简介与应用[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2004(3):P27-31
[9]曾荣杰,王俊鹏.BPSM-Ⅰ型在线粒度分析仪的研究与应用[J],2006(06):P67-73
[10]曾凡,胡永平.矿物加工颗粒学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[11]杨家文.碎矿与磨矿技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2006
[12]RLAWLE A.Basic principles of particle size analysis.Malvem Instruments Inc.
[13]ALLEN T.Particle size measurement.5th Edition.Chapman & Hall,1997(1)
[14]李启衡.粉碎理论概要.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
[15]胡荣泽.粉末颗粒和空隙的测量.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982
[16]龚大成,项占琴等.新型在线粒度检测仪的设计与研究[J],仪器仪表学报.2006(6):P602-606
[17]何桂春.超声波矿浆粒度检测的非线性建模研究.博士学位论文,北京科技大学.2006.06
[18]艾伦(英).颗粒大小测量.北京:中国建材工业出版社,1984
[19]G.C.Sresty,R.Venkateswar.粒度分析评述[J].国外金属选矿,1983(05)
[20]E.G.Kelly,D.J.Spottiswood.Introduction to Mineral Procession.John wiley &Sons,1982
[21]T.Allen.Paticle size Measurement,4th ed.Chapman & Hall,1990
[22]川北公夫等.粉体工程学.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,199l
[23]M.J.Rhoces.Principles of Powder Technology.John wiley & Sons,1991
[24]Yasuo Kousaka.Powder Technology Handbook.Marcel Dekker Inc.,1991
[25]John A.Herbst.粒度分析.国外金属矿选矿[J],1984(6):P2-6
[26]M.E.Fayed,L.Otten.粉体工程手册.北京:化学工业出版社,1993
[27]Hans Rumpf.Particle Technology.Chapman & Hall,1990
[28]H.P.Schwarcz,K.C.Shane.Sedimentology[J],1969(13):P213-231
[29]Keishi Gotoh.Powder Technology Handbook,1990:P41-51
[30]胡荣泽.颗粒形状的定量分析[J].粉末冶金,1987(2):P10-17
[31]B.H.Kaye,G.G.Clark et al.Particle Characteristic[J],1987(4)
[32]N.N.Clark.Powder Technology,1987(51):P243
[33]B.D.Yaung et al.Powder Technology,1990(63):P157
[34]ALLEN T.Particle size measurement(4th Edition),Chapman & Hall,1992
[35]刘铁英,范利民,郑刚.用双Rossin-Rammler函数求颗粒尺寸[J].上海理工大学学报,1998(2):P135-138
[36]ROSIN P,RAMMLER E.The laws governing the fineness of powdered coal[J].J.Inst.Fuel,1933(7):P29-36
[37]BROWN W K,WOHLETZK H.Derrvation of the Weibull distribution based on physical principles and its connection to the Rossin-Rammler and lognormal distributions[J].Applied Physics,1995(4)
[38]蒋仁言.威布尔模型族特征、参数估计和应用.北京:科学出版社,1998
[39]李伟.国内磨矿回路中矿浆粒度的在线检测[J].有色冶金设计与研究.2004(3):27-31
[40]曾凡,胡永平,杨毅等.矿物加工颗粒学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001
[41]冯俊艳.基于三角测量法的激光位移传感器的研制.硕士学位论文.北京交通大学,2004.03
[42]祝杰.激光三角法测量位移[J].仪器技术与传感器,1992(1):P18-20
[43]ZhuangBH.Non-contact measurement of scratch on air craft skins[J].Applied Laser,1997(2):P49-53
[44]Pramod.K.Rastogi.Optical Measurement Techniques and Applications.Artech House Publisher,1998
[45]袁道成.适于在线测量的激光位移传感器[J].计量技术,2002(5):P3-6
[46]金国藩,李景镇.激光测量学.科学出版社,1998
[47]Saito,K.,et al.Noncontace 3-D digitizing and machining system for free-form surfaces[J].Annals of CIRP,1991(40):P483-486
[48]韩玉杰,田中千秋等.木材表面缺陷的激光在线检测技术[J].木材工业,2002(3):P28-32
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