供热煤粉锅炉燃烧控制系统的研究与应用
摘要
供热锅炉的燃烧控制对于供热系统的供热调节和锅炉的安全、高效运行和节能降耗都具有重要意义。锅炉燃烧系统是一个复杂的时变动态过程,具有很强的非线性、紧耦合、大时滞、强干扰等特性,传统的控制算法很难得到理想的控制效果和较高的投运率。所以如何应用当前的一些先进的控制策略对锅炉燃烧进行有效控制,保证锅炉供热输出与热网负荷变动相适应的供热量,并保证锅炉安全、经济、稳定运行是当前研究的热点课题。
本文在分析锅炉燃烧系统动态特性的基础上,深入研究了锅炉燃烧系统中各个参数之间的关系,将供热锅炉燃烧控制简化为对锅炉给煤量、二次风送风量以及引风量的控制。在锅炉燃烧系统的控制实现上,本论文结合广义预测控制和模糊控制的特点提出了:对锅炉给煤量实行由广义预测控制和PID控制组成的串级控制;对二次送风量提出以炉膛温度(具体实现实时采用烟道温度)为控制目标,实行对风煤比进行自寻优的模糊控制;另外对引风量的控制本文提出在大偏差范围内实行模糊控制,小偏差范围内实行PI控制的控制策略。
本课题源于煤炭科学研究总院在山西大同市煤粉锅炉改造推广工程,课题研究内容主要是为其设计配套的锅炉供热燃烧自动控制系统。在项目期间,系统地研究了锅炉燃烧控制的一些重要特性,对文中提出的控制策略结合现场实际情况做了大量深入的分析调试。尤其是在二次风机的风煤比自寻优控制上,本文结合火焰监测仪提供的火焰强度值改善了原来二次风机变频控制对炉膛负压影响较大的缺点。改进后的模糊自寻优控制以火焰强度值为启停条件,并根据螺旋给料机实时变频值对自寻优控制输出采取一定范围的限幅。通过控制室内火焰监视器,可以明显看到采用这种控制策略后,锅炉燃烧火焰变得明亮稳定。
项目中采用施耐德QUANTUM系列PLC对煤粉锅炉供暖系统实现了自动送煤、燃烧、煤粉仓温度控制、循环水控制、补水控制、除尘、锅炉点火的全程控制。
Boiler combustion control is of great significance for heating system in heating regulation, boiler's safety, energy saving and high efficient operation. Boiler combustion system is a complex time-varying dynamic process, which has highly nonlinear, tightly coupled, long delay and strong interference characteristics. The traditional control algorithms are difficult to obtain the ideal control effects and higher operation rates. Therefore, it is a hot topic on the current research that how to use some recent advanced strategies for effective control to the boiler combustion ensures the heating supplies of boiler's heating output and heat-network's changing loads and ensures boiler's safety, economy and stable operation.
Based on the analysis of dynamic characteristics of boiler combustion system, the paper deeply studies the parameters relationship of boiler combustion system. The heating boiler combustion control is reduced to control of the coal supply of boiler, secondary air volume and importing air volume. In the realization of boiler combustion control system, the paper, combining the characteristics of generalized predictive control and fuzzy control, puts forth the cascade control system that is made up of the generalized predictive control and PID control and to make the furnace temperature as control objectives for the secondary air supply and to implement self-optimizing fuzzy control to the oxy-acetylene ratio. Besides, the thesis introduces strategies of using the fuzzy control in large deviation and employing the PI control in small deviation to the air volume control
The subject derived from a project of China Coal Research Institute in Da Tong city of Shan Xi province, prompting the use of pulverized Coal Boiler. When furnishing auto control system for Boiler Heating system, systematically studying the traits of boiler combustion control. On the wind and coal proportion self-optimizing control of secondary wind motor, this article improves the using of self-optimizing control, which has heavy impact on the negative pressure of boiler through controlling secondary wind motor. Based on the real time frequency-converting value, improved fuzzy self-optimizing control limit its output by using the frame intensity as condition of start and stop to the original routine. From the frame monitor in the control room, it is obvious that the boiler combustion frame becomes bright and stable using this control strategy.
In this project, Schneider QUANTUM PLC is used in coal powder boiler heating system to achieve the overall control of automatic coal delivery, combustion, coal warehouse temperature control, water cycle control, replenishment control, dust catch, boiler ignition.
本文在分析锅炉燃烧系统动态特性的基础上,深入研究了锅炉燃烧系统中各个参数之间的关系,将供热锅炉燃烧控制简化为对锅炉给煤量、二次风送风量以及引风量的控制。在锅炉燃烧系统的控制实现上,本论文结合广义预测控制和模糊控制的特点提出了:对锅炉给煤量实行由广义预测控制和PID控制组成的串级控制;对二次送风量提出以炉膛温度(具体实现实时采用烟道温度)为控制目标,实行对风煤比进行自寻优的模糊控制;另外对引风量的控制本文提出在大偏差范围内实行模糊控制,小偏差范围内实行PI控制的控制策略。
本课题源于煤炭科学研究总院在山西大同市煤粉锅炉改造推广工程,课题研究内容主要是为其设计配套的锅炉供热燃烧自动控制系统。在项目期间,系统地研究了锅炉燃烧控制的一些重要特性,对文中提出的控制策略结合现场实际情况做了大量深入的分析调试。尤其是在二次风机的风煤比自寻优控制上,本文结合火焰监测仪提供的火焰强度值改善了原来二次风机变频控制对炉膛负压影响较大的缺点。改进后的模糊自寻优控制以火焰强度值为启停条件,并根据螺旋给料机实时变频值对自寻优控制输出采取一定范围的限幅。通过控制室内火焰监视器,可以明显看到采用这种控制策略后,锅炉燃烧火焰变得明亮稳定。
项目中采用施耐德QUANTUM系列PLC对煤粉锅炉供暖系统实现了自动送煤、燃烧、煤粉仓温度控制、循环水控制、补水控制、除尘、锅炉点火的全程控制。
Boiler combustion control is of great significance for heating system in heating regulation, boiler's safety, energy saving and high efficient operation. Boiler combustion system is a complex time-varying dynamic process, which has highly nonlinear, tightly coupled, long delay and strong interference characteristics. The traditional control algorithms are difficult to obtain the ideal control effects and higher operation rates. Therefore, it is a hot topic on the current research that how to use some recent advanced strategies for effective control to the boiler combustion ensures the heating supplies of boiler's heating output and heat-network's changing loads and ensures boiler's safety, economy and stable operation.
Based on the analysis of dynamic characteristics of boiler combustion system, the paper deeply studies the parameters relationship of boiler combustion system. The heating boiler combustion control is reduced to control of the coal supply of boiler, secondary air volume and importing air volume. In the realization of boiler combustion control system, the paper, combining the characteristics of generalized predictive control and fuzzy control, puts forth the cascade control system that is made up of the generalized predictive control and PID control and to make the furnace temperature as control objectives for the secondary air supply and to implement self-optimizing fuzzy control to the oxy-acetylene ratio. Besides, the thesis introduces strategies of using the fuzzy control in large deviation and employing the PI control in small deviation to the air volume control
The subject derived from a project of China Coal Research Institute in Da Tong city of Shan Xi province, prompting the use of pulverized Coal Boiler. When furnishing auto control system for Boiler Heating system, systematically studying the traits of boiler combustion control. On the wind and coal proportion self-optimizing control of secondary wind motor, this article improves the using of self-optimizing control, which has heavy impact on the negative pressure of boiler through controlling secondary wind motor. Based on the real time frequency-converting value, improved fuzzy self-optimizing control limit its output by using the frame intensity as condition of start and stop to the original routine. From the frame monitor in the control room, it is obvious that the boiler combustion frame becomes bright and stable using this control strategy.
In this project, Schneider QUANTUM PLC is used in coal powder boiler heating system to achieve the overall control of automatic coal delivery, combustion, coal warehouse temperature control, water cycle control, replenishment control, dust catch, boiler ignition.
引文
[1]张明亮等,工业锅炉自动控制,中国建筑工业出版社,1987,11
[2]张梦珠,工业锅炉原理与设计,北京:水利电力出版社,1990:163-186
[3]王桂斌等,锅炉控制系统的设计,煤矿现代化,2005.5,57-58
[4]张江徽,张宏丽,白晓清等,工业燃煤锅炉燃烧系统自动控制方案比较研究1999,11,4-6
[5]强文义等,最佳风煤比控制技术的研究,决策与控策,2001.7.16(4),494-496
[6]刘向杰,柴天佑,刘红波.动力锅炉燃烧系统的模糊控制策略.自动化学报.1998,26(41).534-538
[7]王绍祥.供热系统节能改造措施与效果分析.区域供热,2002,(4).5-9
[8]张建生,曾得良,等.协调控制系统能量指令及参数整定分析.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(4).60-62
[9]荣丽红,董德发,锅炉燃烧系统的模糊预测控制[D],大庆石油学院,2007
[10]余以慧.过程控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997,7
[11]梁富林,工业锅炉燃烧系统的预测控制研究[D],哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2001
[12]舒迪前,预测控制系统及其应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,2001,1
[13]席裕庚,预测控制[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1993,3
[14]俞金寿,工业过程先进控制[M],北京:中国石化出版社,2002,2
[15]李斌,付兴武,灰色广义预测控制在工业锅炉自动控制系统中的应用研究[D],辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[16]何群,郑德中,基于广义预测控制的锅炉测控系统研究[D],燕山大学,2005
[17]Fischer Martin,Nelles Oliver,Isermann Rolf,Predictive control based on local linear fuzzy models[J].Int J systems Science,1998,29(7):679-697
[18]徐立鸿,预测控制的研究现状及问题[J],控制理论及应用,1994,11(1),121-125
[19]J.Richalet.Model Predictive Heuristic Control:Application to Industrial Processes.Automatica,1978,15(5):413-428
[20]D.W.Clarke,C.Mohtadi.Properties of Generalized Predictive Control,Automica,1989,25(6):859-875
[21]R.M.Keyser,A.R.Cauwenberghe,Extended Prediction Self-adaptive Control.In Barker H A,Young P C eds.Identification and System Parameter Estimation 1985 V.2.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1985:1255-1260
[22]Clarke.Application of Generalized Predictive Control to Industrial Processes,IEEE Control Syst,Maga.1988,8:49-55
[23]C.E.Gareia,M.Morari.Internmal Model Control,A Unifying Reeiew and Some New Results,IEC Process Des.Dev.,1982,21(2):308-323
[24]L.Magni,R.Scattolini.Model predictive control of continuous-time nonlinear systems with pieeewise constant control.IEEE Transactions.on Automatic Control,2004,49(6):900-906
[25]Q.Zhang,X.H.Wang.Water treating control system based on predictive control theory of multi-model switching algorithm.WCICA 2004.Fifth World Congress.on Intelligent Control and Automation,2004,1:633-636
[26]王伟,一种新的广义预测自适应控制直接方法,自动化报,1996,22(3):270-277
[27]王伟,广义预测控制理论及其应用,北京,科学出版社,1998
[28]J.M.Maciejowski.Predictive Control[J].Pearson Education Limited,2002
[29]Raju G V S.Adaptive hierarchical fuzzy controller.IEEE Trans.on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1993,23
[30]诸静等,模糊控制原理与应用,机械工业出版社,1995,338-344;258-261
[31]李士勇,模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990,78-80
[32]汤兵勇,路林吉,王双杰,模糊控制理论与应用技术,清华大学出版社,2002
[33]李国勇,智能控制及其MATALAB实现,电子工业出版社,2005,289-292,342-344
[34]胡包钢,模糊PID控制技术研究发展回顾及其面临的若干重要问题,自动化学报,2001,27(4),567-584;973-980
[35]刘素芹,刘新平,等.PID与模糊控制的比较及改进.控制工程,2003,10(1).51-52
[36]朱摩西.模糊PID控制器.工业控制计算机,1996,(3).19-20
[37]徐邦荃,张锦泽,模糊控制在炉温控制系统中的试验研究,华中理工大学学报,Vol 22,No.8,1994
[38]Linkers D A.Nie J.Constructing rule-based for multivariable fuzzy control by self-learning.Part Ⅰ.System structure and self-learning.Int.J.System Science,1993,24(1).111-127
[39]刘素芹,刘新平等,PID与模糊控制的比较及改进.控制工程,2003,10(1),51-52
[40]窦振中,模糊逻辑控制技术及其应用,航空航天大学出版社,2001
[41]Rani K Y,Unbehauen H.Study of Predictive Controller Tuning Methods[J].Automatica,1997,33(12):2243-2248
[42]廉小亲,模糊控制技术,中国电力出版社,2003,8
[43]于浩杨等,模糊控制在燃煤锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究,哈尔滨理工大学学报,2003.2,8(1):26-28
[44]武隋新,模糊控制技术在锅炉燃烧系统上的工程应用,中国科技信息,2003.7,13-15
[45]魏毅力,燃煤锅炉蒸汽压力的模糊控制,包头钢铁学院学报,2002.6,21(2),163-165
[46]桑慧清,电站燃煤锅炉送风调节系统分析及应用,山西电力,2004.4(2),50-52
[47]Mamdani E.H.Application of fuzzy algorithms for control of simple dynamic plant[J].Proc IEEE,1974(121):1585-1588
[48]林寥廓,孟双成,用PLC实现锅炉燃烧系统的控制,自动化与仪表,Vol.13,No.4,48-50,1998
[49]QUANTUM PLC硬件手册
[50]QUANTUM PLC编程手册
[51]王荃,金海东,李福中.工控组态软件实时数据库系统的设计与实现.化工自动化及仪表,2000,vol.27(3)1-2
[52]严耀晖,工业自动化软件FiX、iFiX系列及其应用,云南冶金,2002,Vol.31(2)
[53]Intelluction Inc,iFix4.0Eleetrnic Book,2006
[2]张梦珠,工业锅炉原理与设计,北京:水利电力出版社,1990:163-186
[3]王桂斌等,锅炉控制系统的设计,煤矿现代化,2005.5,57-58
[4]张江徽,张宏丽,白晓清等,工业燃煤锅炉燃烧系统自动控制方案比较研究1999,11,4-6
[5]强文义等,最佳风煤比控制技术的研究,决策与控策,2001.7.16(4),494-496
[6]刘向杰,柴天佑,刘红波.动力锅炉燃烧系统的模糊控制策略.自动化学报.1998,26(41).534-538
[7]王绍祥.供热系统节能改造措施与效果分析.区域供热,2002,(4).5-9
[8]张建生,曾得良,等.协调控制系统能量指令及参数整定分析.华北电力大学学报,2002,29(4).60-62
[9]荣丽红,董德发,锅炉燃烧系统的模糊预测控制[D],大庆石油学院,2007
[10]余以慧.过程控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997,7
[11]梁富林,工业锅炉燃烧系统的预测控制研究[D],哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2001
[12]舒迪前,预测控制系统及其应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,2001,1
[13]席裕庚,预测控制[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1993,3
[14]俞金寿,工业过程先进控制[M],北京:中国石化出版社,2002,2
[15]李斌,付兴武,灰色广义预测控制在工业锅炉自动控制系统中的应用研究[D],辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[16]何群,郑德中,基于广义预测控制的锅炉测控系统研究[D],燕山大学,2005
[17]Fischer Martin,Nelles Oliver,Isermann Rolf,Predictive control based on local linear fuzzy models[J].Int J systems Science,1998,29(7):679-697
[18]徐立鸿,预测控制的研究现状及问题[J],控制理论及应用,1994,11(1),121-125
[19]J.Richalet.Model Predictive Heuristic Control:Application to Industrial Processes.Automatica,1978,15(5):413-428
[20]D.W.Clarke,C.Mohtadi.Properties of Generalized Predictive Control,Automica,1989,25(6):859-875
[21]R.M.Keyser,A.R.Cauwenberghe,Extended Prediction Self-adaptive Control.In Barker H A,Young P C eds.Identification and System Parameter Estimation 1985 V.2.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1985:1255-1260
[22]Clarke.Application of Generalized Predictive Control to Industrial Processes,IEEE Control Syst,Maga.1988,8:49-55
[23]C.E.Gareia,M.Morari.Internmal Model Control,A Unifying Reeiew and Some New Results,IEC Process Des.Dev.,1982,21(2):308-323
[24]L.Magni,R.Scattolini.Model predictive control of continuous-time nonlinear systems with pieeewise constant control.IEEE Transactions.on Automatic Control,2004,49(6):900-906
[25]Q.Zhang,X.H.Wang.Water treating control system based on predictive control theory of multi-model switching algorithm.WCICA 2004.Fifth World Congress.on Intelligent Control and Automation,2004,1:633-636
[26]王伟,一种新的广义预测自适应控制直接方法,自动化报,1996,22(3):270-277
[27]王伟,广义预测控制理论及其应用,北京,科学出版社,1998
[28]J.M.Maciejowski.Predictive Control[J].Pearson Education Limited,2002
[29]Raju G V S.Adaptive hierarchical fuzzy controller.IEEE Trans.on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1993,23
[30]诸静等,模糊控制原理与应用,机械工业出版社,1995,338-344;258-261
[31]李士勇,模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1990,78-80
[32]汤兵勇,路林吉,王双杰,模糊控制理论与应用技术,清华大学出版社,2002
[33]李国勇,智能控制及其MATALAB实现,电子工业出版社,2005,289-292,342-344
[34]胡包钢,模糊PID控制技术研究发展回顾及其面临的若干重要问题,自动化学报,2001,27(4),567-584;973-980
[35]刘素芹,刘新平,等.PID与模糊控制的比较及改进.控制工程,2003,10(1).51-52
[36]朱摩西.模糊PID控制器.工业控制计算机,1996,(3).19-20
[37]徐邦荃,张锦泽,模糊控制在炉温控制系统中的试验研究,华中理工大学学报,Vol 22,No.8,1994
[38]Linkers D A.Nie J.Constructing rule-based for multivariable fuzzy control by self-learning.Part Ⅰ.System structure and self-learning.Int.J.System Science,1993,24(1).111-127
[39]刘素芹,刘新平等,PID与模糊控制的比较及改进.控制工程,2003,10(1),51-52
[40]窦振中,模糊逻辑控制技术及其应用,航空航天大学出版社,2001
[41]Rani K Y,Unbehauen H.Study of Predictive Controller Tuning Methods[J].Automatica,1997,33(12):2243-2248
[42]廉小亲,模糊控制技术,中国电力出版社,2003,8
[43]于浩杨等,模糊控制在燃煤锅炉燃烧系统中的应用研究,哈尔滨理工大学学报,2003.2,8(1):26-28
[44]武隋新,模糊控制技术在锅炉燃烧系统上的工程应用,中国科技信息,2003.7,13-15
[45]魏毅力,燃煤锅炉蒸汽压力的模糊控制,包头钢铁学院学报,2002.6,21(2),163-165
[46]桑慧清,电站燃煤锅炉送风调节系统分析及应用,山西电力,2004.4(2),50-52
[47]Mamdani E.H.Application of fuzzy algorithms for control of simple dynamic plant[J].Proc IEEE,1974(121):1585-1588
[48]林寥廓,孟双成,用PLC实现锅炉燃烧系统的控制,自动化与仪表,Vol.13,No.4,48-50,1998
[49]QUANTUM PLC硬件手册
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