寒饮蕴肺证的理论研究及家兔病理模型肺组织iNOS与TNFα的基因表达
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文对饮的概念与饮证形成机理、寒饮蕴肺证的概念、寒饮蕴肺证的基本病机、肺阳在肺主行水中的作用、寒饮蕴肺证的病机关键与发病机理、寒饮蕴肺证的诊断与治疗及其类证鉴别等进行了系统全面的论证,丰富了寒饮蕴肺证理论。依据对寒饮蕴肺证形成的病因病机的认识,在本课题以前研究的基础上,结合当前肺病证候动物模型研究的进展情况,在寒冷的环境中,烟熏刺激,配以生理盐水输液,气管插管以控制通气量的方法,建立寒饮蕴肺证家兔病理模型,并用温阳化饮方进行干预,观察检测了相关指标如动脉血气,血与肺组织内皮素ET、NO的含量,肺组织iNOS及iNOSmRNA的表达,肺组织TNFαmRNA的表达等,以探讨寒饮蕴肺证的内在机制和温阳化饮方的作用机制,从而深化对肺主行水理论的认识。实验结果显示:模型组家兔的一般体征与寒饮蕴肺证的临床表现相符,微观指标的变化也与该证相关的肺系疾病一致,如家兔血与肺组织内皮素ET、NO的含量升高,肺组织iNOS及iNOSmRNA、TNFαmRNA的表达明显增强,肺组织出现炎性损伤。而治疗组的上述各项指标都有不同程度的改善。以上结果表明:寒饮蕴肺证病理模型的研制是比较成功的。TNFα、NO与iNOS、ET分别参与了寒饮蕴肺证的形成,它们之间还相互影响,促进该证的形成。温阳化饮方对寒饮蕴肺证确有较好的治疗效果,其疗效机制可能在于调控肺组织TNFα和iNOS的基因表达,使肺组织TNFα、ET与NO水平保持相对稳定,不仅能降低肺血管通透性,抑制肺组织充血、水肿,炎性渗出,保护肺组织损伤,而且能调节气道舒缩,改善肺通气。说明温阳化饮方的温补肺阳,蠲化寒饮及改善肺通气的作用,与其调控肺组织中的ET、NO、iNOS、TNFα等有关,这也可能是肺气行水的部分微观机制。
This thesis expounds systematically the theoretic problems about the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung, such as the conception of fluid-retention and the forming mechanism of fluid-retention syndrome, the conception and fundamental pathogenesis of the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung, the lung yang's role in the function of the lung's promoting water metabolism, the key pathogenesis and the mechanism of the incidence of diseases related to the syndrome, the diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome as well as the differentiations of similar syndromes, so as to enrich the theory of the syndrome. Based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome, the former study and the current progress about animal model study of syndrome in pulmonary diseases, pathologic rabbit models with the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung were set up with the methods of smoke stimulation, infusion of physiologic saline and controlling the ventilating volume in the cold envi
    ronment. The models were prevented and treated by "Yang-Warming and Fluid-Dispersing Formula". To approach the internal mechanisms of the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung and the functional mechanisms of "Yang-Warming and Fluid-Dispersing Formula" so as to understand further the theory of the lung's promoting water metabolism in TCM, the relevant indexes including arterial blood gas, the levels of ET and NO in blood and lung tissues, the expressions of iNOS, iNOSmRNA
    
    
    and TNF a mRNA in lung tissues, etc. were detected. The results of the experiment showed that not only general syndromes of the rabbits in the model group were in accord with clinical symptoms of patients with the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung but also the changes of microcosmic indexes coincided with those of pulmonary diseases related to the syndrome. For examples, the levels of ET and NO in blood and lung tissues in the model group were higher than those in the control group, the expressions of iNOS, iNOSmRNA and TNF a mRNA in lung tissues were significantly reinforced and lung tissues were inflammatorily damaged, while the above indexes in the treatment group were improved in varying degrees. These results suggest that the development of pathologic rabbit models with the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung is comparatively successful and reliable. TNF α ,
    NO, iNOS and ET participate the forming mechanisms of the syndrome of accumulation of cold fluid in the lung respectively, furthermore, these indexes promote the forming of the syndrome by interaction. "Yang-Warming and Fluid-Dispersing Formula" has marked curative effect on the syndrome. The mechanisms of the effect are probably that it can maintain the levels of TNF a , ET and NO in lung tissues stable so as to reduce permeability of pulmonary vessels and inhibit hyperemia, edema and inflammatory effusing in lung tissues to protect lung tissues and regulate diastolization and contraction of airway to improve ventilation of the lung by controlling the gene expressions of iNOS and TNF a in lung tissues. That is, the functions of warming yang and dispersing cold fluid and improving ventilation of the lung of "Yang-Warming and Fluid-Dispersing Formula" have close relationship with its controlling ET, NO, iNOS, TNF a etc., and this is probably part microcosmic mechanism of the lung's promoting water metabolism.
引文
[1]恩格斯.反杜林论,北京:人民卫生出版社,1956,第1版:19.
    [2]刘亚光.从分子生物学角度探讨肺的本质.浙江中医学院学报(增刊),1979:53.
    [3]李莱田.肺“通调水道”初探.山东中医学院学报,1982;6(3):35~37.
    [4]周筑安,斯.圣蒂阿格,汤健.生理科学进展,1982;13(4):310~314.
    [5]张洪泉,卞如濂.白三烯药理学.生理科学进展,1984;15(4):333~335.
    [6]李世殿,范焕英,吴兆兰.对肺通调水道的认识.山东中医学院学报,1987;11(4):24.
    [7]李世殿,范焕英,张洁,等.对肺通调水道认识的进展.山东中医学院学报,1990;14(4):57.
    [8]马吉庆,王德山.肺主“通调水道”的现代医学基础.辽宁中医杂志,1984;(11):40~41;(12):32~33.
    [9]潘晓明,段晓慧,贺石林.肺的非呼吸功能与中医肺脏相关性探析.甘肃中医,1993;6(3):2.
    [10]王德山,马吉庆.肺主“通调水道”的实验研究.辽宁中医杂志,1984;(5):37~39.
    [11]郑红斌,蒋国涛.“肺主行水”的实验观察分析.浙江中医学院学报,1995;19(5):40.
    [12]杨玉萍.哮证“痰瘀伏肺”病机的实验研究.湖南中医药导报,1996;2(1):29~31.
    [13]孙广仁.肺主行水理论的研究思路.山东中医药大学学报,1999;23(6):406~407.
    [14]王德山,马吉庆.肺主“通调水道”的实验研究.辽宁中医杂志,1984;(5):37~39.
    [15]陈小野.实用中医证候动物模型学,北京:北京医科大学.中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993,第1版:314.
    [16]陆和屏,齐幼龄.肺气虚证动物模型的实验研究.中国病理生理杂志,1996;12(6):622.
    
    
    [17]杨牧祥,李澎涛,方朝义,等.实验性“肺气虚证”肺组织病理学研究.河北医科大学学报,1996;17(6):344.
    [18]徐锡鸿,孔繁智,虞小霞,等.大鼠肺气虚“证”模型的建立.中医杂志,1994;35(4):230~232.
    [19]文小敏,王鹏,刘青,等.“肺阳虚”动物模型的探索.中国中医基础医学杂志,1998;4(4):45~47.
    [20]王九林,姜惟,卞慧敏,等.肺虚痰阻病理模型的研制.中国中医基础医学杂志,1996;1(4):44.
    [21]宋·杨士瀛著,盛维忠,王致谱,傅芳等校注.新校注杨仁斋医书·仁斋直指方论,福州:福建科学技术出版社,1989,第1版:256.
    [22]李志庸主编.张景岳医学全书,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:1259.
    [23]宋·赵诘编.圣济总录,北京:人民卫生出版社,1962,第1版:1154.
    [24]金·张从正.儒门事亲,沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1997,第1版:32.
    [25]印会河主编.中医基础理论,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984,第1版:56.
    [26]张珍玉.实用中医基础理论学,济南:山东科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:143.
    [27]清·陈念祖.北京:中国书店,1993,第1版:12.
    [28]隋·巢元方.诸病源候论,沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1997,第1版:69.
    [29]宋·杨士瀛著,盛维忠,王致谱,傅芳等较注.新校注杨仁斋医书·仁斋直指方论(附补遗),福州:福建科学技术出版社,1989,第1版:290.
    [30]张伯臾主编.中医内科学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:47.
    [31]李志庸主编.张景岳医学全书,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:1117.
    [32]秦景明.症因脉治,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:160.
    [33]印会河主编.中医基础理论,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984,第1版:122.
    [34]李如辉.历代文献少论“肺阳”的原因再发现.河南中医,1998;18(3):140~141.
    [35]李志庸主编,张景岳医学全书,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:1025.
    [36]清·吴谦,医宗金鉴,北京:人民卫生出版社,1963,第1版:511.
    [37]黄树曾.金匮要略释义,北京:人民卫生出版社,1957,第1版:89.
    
    
    [38]程门雪.金匮篇释,北京:人民卫生出版社,1986,第1版:61.
    [39]李克光.金匮要略讲义,上海:上海科技出版社,1985,第1版:79.
    [40]刘渡舟.金匮要略诠释,天津:天津科技出版社,1984,第1版:79.
    [41]王渭川.金匮新释,成都:四川人民出版社,1982,第1版:75.
    [42]李克绍.金匮要略浅释,济南:山东人民出版社,1963,第1版:94.
    [43]清·唐容川.血证论,上海:上海人民出版社,1977,第1版:26.
    [44]清·唐容川.血证论,上海:上海人民出版社,1977,第1版:160.
    [45]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录,石家庄,河北人民出版社,1974,第2版:51.
    [46]中医研究院.蒲辐周医疗经验,北京:人民卫生出版社,1976,第1版:16.
    [47]柯新桥.肺阳虚证治初探.浙江中医杂志,1982;17(11):493.
    [48]柯新桥.再论肺阳虚.山东中医学院学报,1984;8(1):11.
    [49]张岱年.中国哲学大纲,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1982,第1版:39.
    [50]上海师范大学古籍整理组点校.国语,上海:上海古籍出版社,1978,第1版:128.
    [51]上海师范大学古籍整理组点校.国语,上海:上海古籍出版社,1978,第1版:26.
    [52]张玉良.白话庄子,西安:三秦出版社,1990,第1版:357.
    [53]荀况.荀子,上海:上海古籍出版社,1989,第1版:116.
    [54]石一参.管子今诠,北京:中国书店,1988,第1版:93.
    [55]汉·高诱,淮南子注,上海:上海书店据世界书局《诸子集成》本影印,1986,第1版:35.
    [56]明·赵献可.医贯,北京:人民卫生出版社,1959,第1版:2.
    [57]清·周学海.读医随笔.杭州:江苏科学技术出版社,1983,第1版:70.
    [58]郭教礼,张西相,王宗仁.类经评注,西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996,第1版:63.
    [59]清·陈梦雷.医部全录(一).医经注释上,北京:人民卫生出版社,1959,第1版:144.
    [60]清·叶天士著,徐灵胎评.临证指南医案,上海:上海人民出版社,1959,第1版:294.
    
    
    [61]秦伯未.清代名医医案精粹·叶天士医案,上海:上海卫生出版社,1958,第1版:52.
    [62]清·叶天士著,徐灵胎评.临证指南医案,上海:上海人民出版社,1959,第1版:383.
    [63]李志庸主编.张景岳医学全书,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:907.
    [64]郭教礼,张西相,王宗仁.类经评注,西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996,第1版:289.
    [65]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录,石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974,第2版:62.
    [66]清·叶天士著,徐灵胎评.临证指南医案,上海:上海人民出版社,1959,第1版:177.
    [67]陈潮祖.中医病机治法学,成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第1版:158.
    [68]郭教礼,张西相,王宗仁.类经评注,西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1996,第1版:413.
    [69]清·尤怡.金匮要略心典,北京:中国中医药出版社,1992,第1版:84.
    [70]戴元礼.秘传证治要诀·卷六,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:79.
    [71]李志庸主编.张景岳医学全书,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:1117.
    [72]陈修园.医学实在易,福州:福建科学技术出版社,1982,第1版:127.
    [73]方药中,邓铁涛,李克光等主编.实用中医内科学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:151.
    [74]方药中,邓铁涛,李克光等主编.实用中医内科学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:166.
    [75]方药中,邓铁涛,李克光等主编.实用中医内科学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:158.
    [76]方药中,邓铁涛,李克光等主编.实用中医内科学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985,第1版:177.
    [77]何丽清.小青龙汤证症状多样性的临床观察.山西中医学院学报,2002:3(4):21~24.
    [78]宋·太平惠民和剂局,刘景源点校.太平惠民和剂局方,北京:人民卫生出版社,1985,第1版:53.
    
    
    [79]元·朱震亨.丹溪心法,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959,第1版:90.
    [80]清·吴谦.医宗金鉴,北京:人民卫生出版社,1963,第1版:816.
    [81]孙中堂.尤在泾医学全书·伤寒贯珠集,北京:中国中医药出版社,1999,第1版:19.
    [82]清·黄宫绣.本草求真,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959,第1版:5.
    [83]明·李时珍.本草纲目精选,北京:科学技术文献出版社,1996,第1版:355.
    [84]许浚.东医宝鉴,北京:人民卫生出版社,1982,第1版:90.
    [85]陈小野.实用中医证候动物模型学,北京:北京医科大学.中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993,第1版:孟庆云序.
    [86]施新猷.医学动物实验方法,北京:人民出版社,1983,第1版:223.
    [87]郑小伟.中医动物模型的研制方法与评价.中国医药学报,1997;(5):57~60.
    [88]杨维益.中体西用与证的动物模型.北京中医药大学学报,1994:17(6):15.
    [89]刘朝晖,徐军,钟南山.内皮素、肿瘤坏死因子在哮喘发病中的作用.中华结核和呼吸杂志,1995;18(6):366~368.
    [90]王伟,陈文娟,孙滨.过敏性哮喘支气管肺泡灌洗液肿瘤坏死因子—α等活性变化的研究.中华结核和呼吸杂志,1996;19(2):98~100.
    [91]Keatings VM, Cdlins PD, Scott DM, et al. Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma [J].Am J Respir Crit Cure Med, 1996; 153: 530~534.
    [92]林挺岩,李玉珠,李志鹰等.慢性阻塞性肺病血白细胞介素—8、肿瘤坏死因子α、内皮素与肺功能的关系.福建医科大学学报,2000;34(4):347~349.
    [93]Deherty GM, Lange JR, Langstein HM, et al. Evidence for INF-γ as a mediator of the lethality of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-α [J]. J Immunol, 1992; 149(5): 1666~1670.
    [94]方朝义,杨牧祥,曹刚,等.咳喘宁胶囊对慢性支气管炎大鼠血清、肺组织及支气管肺泡灌洗液TNF和IL—1β含量的影响.新中医,2002;34(2):74~76.
    [95]连玉英,王维英,姜秀俐,等.支气管肺炎儿血清肿瘤坏死因子—α水平观察.实用儿科临床杂志,1996;11(1):19~20.
    [96]马忠森,张捷,郝国志,等.肺纤维化肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子水平观察.
    
    中华结核和呼吸杂志,1995;18(1):50~51.
    [97]张伊璜.肿瘤坏死因子及其抗肿瘤治疗研究进展.国外医学儿科学分册,1991;18(5):229~232.
    [98]LiuYN. Exposition for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Zhonghua Jiehe Yu Huxi Jibing Zazhi(Chin J Tubere Respir Dis), 2000; 23(4): 119~121.
    [99]林允信,张丙芳,戚好文.心钠素对兔油酸型急性肺损伤血及支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α,IL-8,ET-1含量的影响第四军医大学学报.2001;22(15):1395~1397.
    [100]Hyers TM, Tricom SM, Dettenmeier PA, et al. TNF levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1991; 144:268.
    [101]Parsons PE, Moore FA, Moore EE, et al. Studies on the role of tumor necrosis factor in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1992; 146:694.
    [102]Van Nhieu TJ, Misset B, Lebargy F, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor gene in alveolar maerophages from patients with the aldults respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1993; 147:1585.
    [103]Tutor JD, Mason CM, Dobard E,et al. Loss of compartmentalization of alveolar tumor necrosis factor after lung injury. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med, 1994; 149:1107.
    [104]谢尔凡,杨宗城,黎鳌.大鼠烟雾吸入性肺损伤后血浆和肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平的变化及其意义.中国危重急救医学,1997;9(1):14~16.
    [105]Stephens KE, Ishizaka A, Larrick JW, et al. Tumor necrosis factor causes increased pulmonary permeability and edema. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1988; 137:1364.
    [106]Lindley I, Aschauer H, Seifert JM, et al. Synthesis and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating factor: biological equivalence between natural and recombiant neutrophil-activating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1988; 85:9199.
    [107]Kwon OJ, Au BT, Collins PD, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-induced interleukin-8
    
    expression in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol, 1994; 267:1398.
    [108]李文建,解庆华,邹全明.一氧化氮(NO)临床研究现状及展望[J].国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册,1999;20(2):61~63
    [109]万梅.一氧化氮在肺内的代谢及其病理生理意义.国外医学呼吸系统分册,1996;16(1):23~26.
    [110]肖彭年,莫榴琴,高丰光.一氧化氮在哮喘气道炎症中的作用.徐州医学院学报,2001;21(6):470~473.
    [111]Anthony FM, Benjamin G, Dieter, et al. Expired nitric oxide levels during treatment of acute athma. Am J Respir Dis Crit Care Med, 1995; 152(2):800.
    [112]Michael JR, Markewitz BA. Endothelins and lung[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1996; 154(3pt):555~581.
    [113]赵卫国.内皮素与哮喘.国外医学呼吸系统分册,1994;(4):196.
    [114]Kerdowska A, Nobel JM, Steibery KP, et al. Anti-IL-8 autoantibodies in alveolar fluid from patients at risk for ARDS and with well-defined ARDS[J]. Chest, 1999;116(1):95~104.
    [115]陈小野.实用中医证候动物模型学,北京:北京医科大学.中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993,第1版:53.
    [116]清·罗美.古今名医方论,南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1983,第1版:69.
    [117]俞根初.重订通俗伤寒论,上海:科技卫生出版社,1959,第1版:50.
    [118]清·汪昂,王效菊点较.本草备要,天津:天津科学技术出版社,1993,第1版:40.
    [119]明·李时珍,张守康校注.本草纲目,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:822.
    [120]王筠默,王恒芬辑著.神农本草经校证,长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1988,第1版:363.
    [121]王筠默,王恒芬辑著.神农本草经校证,长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1988,第1版:161.
    [122]清·黄宫绣.本草求真,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959,第1版:5.
    [123]王筠默.小青龙汤平喘作用研究.中成药研究,1982;17(3):22.
    
    
    [124]黄坚,陈长勋,李仪奎.用血清实验法观察小青龙汤对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用.中药药理与临床,1995;(6):12.
    [125]邓文龙.中药方剂药理与应用,重庆:重庆出版社,1990,第1版:617~619.
    [126]蔡如升.慢性肺心病20年防治研究,北京:科学技术文献出版社,1994,第1版:271.
    [127]王琳,刘方洲,高寒,等.小青龙汤对哮喘大鼠ET_1和NO的作用研究.中药药理与临床,2002;18(5):7~9.
    [128]江苏新医学院主编.中药大词典,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,第1版:779.
    [129]周金黄,王筠默主编.中药药理学,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,第1版:30.
    [130]马清钧主编.常用中药现代研究与临床,天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1995,第1版:6.
    [131]苏玮,郭群.白芍的现代药理研究概况.中医药信息,1996;(4):9.
    [132]梅全喜,毕焕新主编.现代中药药理手册,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:275.
    [133]梅全喜,毕焕新主编.现代中药药理手册,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:37.
    [134]马清钧主编.常用中药现代研究与临床,天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1995,第1版:572.
    [135]杨柳,安靓.甘草的抗Ⅰ型变态反应实验及应用研究.实用中西医结合杂志,1994;7(9):565.
    [136]陈剑雄,曹永舒.甘草酸单胺对内毒素诱发支气管高反应性的应用——β·cAMP向下调节影响.中药药理与临床,1994;(1):17.
    [137]梅全喜,毕焕新主编.现代中药药理手册,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:520.
    [138]梅全喜,毕焕新主编.现代中药药理手册,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,第1版:530.
    [139]梅全喜,毕焕新主编.现代中药药理手册,北京:中国中医药出版社,1998,
    
    第1版:531.
    [140]殷伟.秘灵王对巨噬细胞产生介质及酶的影响.中国免疫学杂志,1997;2(3);87.
    [141]曹贵文,孙秀田,盛景春,等.人参、黄芪对染尘大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞功能的影响.中国公共卫生,1999;15(12):1064.
    [142]黄翠萍,刘晓晴.急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织内皮素含量的变化及腺苷和黄芪对它的影响.咸宁医学院学报,2001;15(1):20~22.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700