地下水源热泵系统井群优化与机组性能实验研究
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摘要
人类进入21世纪，全世界范围内比以往任何时候都要关注能源、环境和可持续发展之间的关系。要实现可持续发展，必须尽可能地利用清洁的可再生能源，提高能耗的使用率。建筑能耗在国家的总能耗中占有重要的部分，发达国家的建筑能耗一般占总能耗的30％～40％，我国占26.7％。因此加大建筑节能，对我国的可持续发展战略有着重要的意义。地下水源热泵空调技术利用全年温度比较恒定的地下水作为冷热源，运行时机组效率较之其他空调系统较高，而且它可将多余的冷或热排放到土壤里，不会对大气造成热污染，有较高的环保价值和经济价值，但是这种系统仍然需要解决一些问题以便于其推广。
本课题研究的主要目的在于优化地下水源热泵的井群系统以及通过实验研究不同的运行机制对于地下水源热泵性能的影响。井群如何布置是地下水源热泵系统推广应用的关键问题之一，决定井群布置的理论基础是含水层水—热迁移规律。本文首先全面总结了含水层水—热迁移的模拟模型，概述了不同模型及不同的数值方法在环境、地质、暖通等领域的应用；在此基础之上，通过数值模拟试验，寻求井出口流速(流量)和井间距离对热贯通量的影响，优化井群分布；最后通过热泵性能试验，分析了井水进口温度和进出口温差对热泵性能的影响。本文通过对地下水源热泵系统的地下井群分布优化研究和地面机组性能的分析，为地下水源热泵空调系统的设计、施工与运行管理提供决策依掘。
本文的研究内容主要有以下几个方面：
1．全面总结概述了地下水-热迁移模型和数值方法在环境、地质、暖通等领域的研究进展，通过分析使其成为本文研究所采用研究手段的理论基础。并且提出了通过放射性示踪这种工程试验方法研究地下水-热迁移的可行性。
2．提出了解耦分析井间热贯通的两步分析法。分析含水层的热迁移主要包括：(1) 通过固相的热传导；(2) 通过液相的热传导；(3) 通过液相的热对流三个方面，通过分析含水层水-热迁移模型，得出液相的热对流即水迁移才是带来热迁移的主要原因，鉴于此，提出了两步分析法。首先，通过含水层的热扩散模型预测最小影响半径；然后，基于在稳态、不可压流场中流线和迹线重合，提出分析井间热贯通量的流线分析法，确定井群之间的热贯通程度。
Entering 21st century, the mankind pays more close attention to the relationship among energy , environment and sustainable development than ever in the whole world. It must utilize clean regenerated energy as much as possible to realize sustainable development, and improve the rate of utilization of energy consumption. Building energy consumption occupies the important part in the total energy consumption of the country, the building energy consumption of the developed country generally takes total energy consumption 30% - 40%,and the proportion of our country is 26.7%. Strengthen building save-energy have a important meaning for sustainable development in our country. GWSHP system make the groundwater as cold source or hot source, and its cop is higher than other air conditioners system, the system can discharge the surplus cold or heat into soil at the same time, so it has higher environmental protection value.
This article optimize the well group designs of system and research the influence of difference work mechanisms for GWSHP system through experiment. It is the key question that how does the well group arrange to application GWSHP system and the well group arrangement decided based on the water - heat moving law of GWSHP. This paper comprehensive summarize water - heat moving models on aquifer and sum up the research evolvement that many models and simulation methods apply to environmental science, HVAC and Geological Sciences; Based on this, upon data simulation experiment, find out influence of flow rate at well outlet and the distance between wells on heat penetration, and optimize the placement of wells; eventually analyze the influence of well water temperature at inlet and difference between outlet temperature and inlet's on heat pump's performance, this paper Optimize the well-group profile for GWSHP system and analyse the performance of ground machine, offer the decision basis for design, operation and management of GWSHP system.
The sum total of study on the subject is contained in this paper: 1 comprehensive summarize water - heat moving models on aquifer and sum up the
本课题研究的主要目的在于优化地下水源热泵的井群系统以及通过实验研究不同的运行机制对于地下水源热泵性能的影响。井群如何布置是地下水源热泵系统推广应用的关键问题之一，决定井群布置的理论基础是含水层水—热迁移规律。本文首先全面总结了含水层水—热迁移的模拟模型，概述了不同模型及不同的数值方法在环境、地质、暖通等领域的应用；在此基础之上，通过数值模拟试验，寻求井出口流速(流量)和井间距离对热贯通量的影响，优化井群分布；最后通过热泵性能试验，分析了井水进口温度和进出口温差对热泵性能的影响。本文通过对地下水源热泵系统的地下井群分布优化研究和地面机组性能的分析，为地下水源热泵空调系统的设计、施工与运行管理提供决策依掘。
本文的研究内容主要有以下几个方面：
1．全面总结概述了地下水-热迁移模型和数值方法在环境、地质、暖通等领域的研究进展，通过分析使其成为本文研究所采用研究手段的理论基础。并且提出了通过放射性示踪这种工程试验方法研究地下水-热迁移的可行性。
2．提出了解耦分析井间热贯通的两步分析法。分析含水层的热迁移主要包括：(1) 通过固相的热传导；(2) 通过液相的热传导；(3) 通过液相的热对流三个方面，通过分析含水层水-热迁移模型，得出液相的热对流即水迁移才是带来热迁移的主要原因，鉴于此，提出了两步分析法。首先，通过含水层的热扩散模型预测最小影响半径；然后，基于在稳态、不可压流场中流线和迹线重合，提出分析井间热贯通量的流线分析法，确定井群之间的热贯通程度。
Entering 21st century, the mankind pays more close attention to the relationship among energy , environment and sustainable development than ever in the whole world. It must utilize clean regenerated energy as much as possible to realize sustainable development, and improve the rate of utilization of energy consumption. Building energy consumption occupies the important part in the total energy consumption of the country, the building energy consumption of the developed country generally takes total energy consumption 30% - 40%,and the proportion of our country is 26.7%. Strengthen building save-energy have a important meaning for sustainable development in our country. GWSHP system make the groundwater as cold source or hot source, and its cop is higher than other air conditioners system, the system can discharge the surplus cold or heat into soil at the same time, so it has higher environmental protection value.
This article optimize the well group designs of system and research the influence of difference work mechanisms for GWSHP system through experiment. It is the key question that how does the well group arrange to application GWSHP system and the well group arrangement decided based on the water - heat moving law of GWSHP. This paper comprehensive summarize water - heat moving models on aquifer and sum up the research evolvement that many models and simulation methods apply to environmental science, HVAC and Geological Sciences; Based on this, upon data simulation experiment, find out influence of flow rate at well outlet and the distance between wells on heat penetration, and optimize the placement of wells; eventually analyze the influence of well water temperature at inlet and difference between outlet temperature and inlet's on heat pump's performance, this paper Optimize the well-group profile for GWSHP system and analyse the performance of ground machine, offer the decision basis for design, operation and management of GWSHP system.
The sum total of study on the subject is contained in this paper: 1 comprehensive summarize water - heat moving models on aquifer and sum up the
引文
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[3] 王芳等．我国水源热泵的应用研究现状，全国暖通空调制冷2002年学术年会，2002；
[4] 李新国．水源热泵应用低温低热的节能效果分析，天津大学学报，1997，05；
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[7] R. L. Douglas Cane, S. Blair Clemes, Andrew Morrison. Operating Experiences with commercial Rroud-Source Heat Pump-Part1, ASHRAE Transaction, Part1, 911-916,1996;
[8] Y. -Y. Yan, T. -F. Lin. Evaporation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Refrigerant R-134a in a Plate Heat Exchanger, Transaction of the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 121, Feb. 118S-127, 1999;
[9] D. Winkelmann, B. Thonon, H. Aurcher, A. Bontemps. Two-Phase Flow Characteristics of a Corrugated Channel, 20th International Congress of Refrigeration, IIR/IIF, Sydeny, Vol. Ⅱ: Paper 426, 1999;
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[11] 殷平．地源热泵在中困，机电暖通，2001，1／2；
[12] 沈雪峰，徐文华．闭式深井水水源热泵集中式空调系统及其特性浅析，全国??暖通空调制冷1994年学术年会论文集，1994；
[13] 丁力行等。水源热泵在湖南地区的应用经济性分析，流体机械，No．12，2000；
[14] 吕金杨，陈显余．深井蓄热地下水热泵系统，全国暖通空调制冷1998年学术年会论文集，1998；
[15] 张昆峰，码芳梅，会六一．井水热泵系统冬季工况运行的数值模拟分析，，全国暖通空调制冷1996年学术年会论文集，1996；
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