BACnet标准的研究与实现
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摘要
智能建筑是信息技术在建筑领域中应用的必然结果,近年来得到了迅速的发展和普及,也日益得到社会广泛的认同和重视。近几年来,智能建筑市场也在迅猛发展,建筑智能化系统多达十几种。然而无论是智能大厦,还是智能小区都缺乏相应的国家标准,核心技术被国外的企业所掌握。BACnet标准作为楼宇自控领域中惟一的开放性国际标准,是我国楼宇自控领域与国际接轨和赶上国际先进水平的机遇和挑战。本文共有五章,从BACnet标准的研究入手,从最基本的数据类型的实现开始,详细叙述了协议的实现过程。BACnet标准的主要特点,包括体系结构、BACnet对象及其属性、BACnet服务和BACnet/IP技术,这些都是实现该标准的重要的组成部分和重要基础。根据BACnet标准协议栈编码的主要规则,按照BACnet标记编码,数据类型编码,应用层用户数据部分编码,应用层及其下各层控制信息部分编码的顺序,详细讲述了BACnet标准的具体实现工作。该标准的实现,是开发具有自主知识产权的楼宇自控设备的一个最重要的基础和前提。
The Inte11igent building which is the inevitable result that the information technology is applied in the construction domain, in recent years, obtained the rapid development and the popularization. Also it obtains the social widespread approval and takes day by day. In the last few years, the intelligence building market mored forword quickly and there are tens of the building automatication system, however neither the intelligent building nor the intelligent plot has the national standard about this and what’s the most important is that the core technology is grasped by the overseas enterprises.The BACnet standard: A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks, the only opening international standard in the buikding automation control area, gives us not only the opportunity but also the challenge to follow firstly and catch up lastly with the international advanced technique. This thesis is made up of five chapters, emphasizing the research of the BACnet protocol, staring from the realization of the most basic data types, carefully discusses the process of the protocol realization. Some of the most important features of the BACnet, including the system architecture, the BACnet object and its property, the BACnet service and the technique of the BACnet/IP, are the most important components and the most important basement of the realization of the BACnet protocol. With the rule of the protocol encoding, the process of the realization of the BACnet protocol is carefully discussed by the sequence of BACnet tag encoding, data type encoding, application layer user data encoding, application layer and the other layers under it control information encoding. This realization of that standard, is the most important foundation and the premise of the development of the building automatic control equipments that have the independent intellectual property rights.
The Inte11igent building which is the inevitable result that the information technology is applied in the construction domain, in recent years, obtained the rapid development and the popularization. Also it obtains the social widespread approval and takes day by day. In the last few years, the intelligence building market mored forword quickly and there are tens of the building automatication system, however neither the intelligent building nor the intelligent plot has the national standard about this and what’s the most important is that the core technology is grasped by the overseas enterprises.The BACnet standard: A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks, the only opening international standard in the buikding automation control area, gives us not only the opportunity but also the challenge to follow firstly and catch up lastly with the international advanced technique. This thesis is made up of five chapters, emphasizing the research of the BACnet protocol, staring from the realization of the most basic data types, carefully discusses the process of the protocol realization. Some of the most important features of the BACnet, including the system architecture, the BACnet object and its property, the BACnet service and the technique of the BACnet/IP, are the most important components and the most important basement of the realization of the BACnet protocol. With the rule of the protocol encoding, the process of the realization of the BACnet protocol is carefully discussed by the sequence of BACnet tag encoding, data type encoding, application layer user data encoding, application layer and the other layers under it control information encoding. This realization of that standard, is the most important foundation and the premise of the development of the building automatic control equipments that have the independent intellectual property rights.
引文
[1] 王再英, 韩养社, 高虎贤. 楼宇自动化系统原理与应用[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005, 1: 1～13
[2] Carlos Petty. Integration Opportunities[J]. Building Operating Management, 2005, 52(Sep): 69～74
[3] James Piper, Mike Lobash. Freedom of Information[J]. Building Operating Management, 2005, 52(Mar): 47～50
[4] 董春桥. BACnet 原理与应用[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003,3: 1～405
[5] 智能建筑设计标准[S]. GB/T50314—2000: 1～64
[6] 谢希仁. 计算机网络[M]. (第四版). 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003,6: 21～27
[7] William O Swan. BACnet Retrospective[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Oct): 44～46
[8] Bill Swan. Past & Future of BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 7
[9] Steven T Bushby. BACnet Continues to Evolve[J]. Building Operating Management, 2004, 51(May): 91
[10] Jack McGowan. Reading, Writing, And BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 35～39
[11] 董春桥. BACnet 标准在我国推广和应用的思考[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2003, 10(12): 33～35
[12] 梁华, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于面向对象技术的楼宇自控网络协议的实现[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2003, 10(12): 35～37
[13] Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Stefan Soucek, et al. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control[J]. Proceedings OF THE IEEE, 2005, 93(Jun): 1187～1203
[14] Russell Daniel M., Streitz Norbert A., Winograd Terry. Building disappearing computers[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2005, 8(Mar): 42～48
[15] Wills Jeff. Will HVAC control go wireless?[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Jul): 46～52
[16] 刘贤德, 石岩, 惠晓实. BACnet 的体系结构[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 1999, 6(9): 16～20
[17] ISO16484-5/ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2001, A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Network[S]. 1～573
[18] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 数据链路/物理层规范[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 1999, 6(12): 15～20
[19] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 的对象模型[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2000, 7(1). 24～28
[20] 狄喆, 江亿, 何国霖. 面向对象设计在楼宇控制系统中的应用[J]. 暖通空调HV&AC, 2002, 32(5): 57～60
[21] 冯萍. 计算机软件技术及应用基础[M]. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004,2: 62～63
[22] 张义, 文亦书. BACnet 通信语言——BACnet 标准中的对象, 属性, 服务[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2001, 8(8): 13～18
[23] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 的服务[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2000, 7(2): 12～16
[24] Tom Steve. Specification writing: A productivity tool[J]. Heating/ Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2003, 75(Jul): 58～59
[25] Prendergast Frank. Building a secure Ethernet environment[J]. Plant Engineering, 2003, 57( Feb): 71～76
[26] Rinaldi J. EtherNet/IP -an application-layer protocol for industrial automation[J]. Sensors, 2003, 20(May): 43～45
[27] 杨守权. 新的强大通信系统——工业以太网[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2004, 11(11): 60～64
[28] 王威, 缪学勤. 试论工业以太网实时通信技术[J]. 自动化仪表, 2003, 24(2): 1～4
[29] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 金鑫. BACnet/IP: BACnet 的互联网扩展(上) [J]. 工程设计 CAD与智能建筑, 2000, 7(3): 16～18
[30] 王瑞华, 王普, 尹金玉, 张 红. 基于 TCP/IP 的楼宇自控网 BACnet[J]. 测控技术, 2003, 22(4): 38～41
[31] Christopher A Hollinger. Strategies for Using BACnet/IP[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 10～12
[32] 方义, 熊璋, 王忠欣. BACnet 与 Internet 的互联[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2005, 31(5): 578～582
[33] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 金鑫. BACnet/IP: BACnet 的互联网扩展(下) [J]. 工程设计 CAD与智能建筑, 2000, 7(4): 20～22
[34] 王凯航, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于JAVA的BACnet/IP协议基础软件的实现[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003, 40(17): 230～232
[35] 王家隽. 建筑设备工程基础(3)——建筑设备的控制工艺[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2005, 12(3): 61～66
[36] 董春桥, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 楼宇自动控制网络通信协议BACnet实现模型的研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2003, 40(5): 172～174
[37] 吴文钦, 杨斌. 应用协议报文编解码的通用对象化实现方案研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 42(3): 152～155
[38] 董春桥, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于 Linux 开发 BACnet 的体系结构研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报, 2001, 29(10): 7～9
[39] 谭浩强. C 程序设计[M]. (第二版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999,12: 260～308
[40] 刘贤德, 石岩, 惠晓实. BACnet 应用层规范[J]. 工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 1999, 6(10): 10～15
[41] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 网络层规范[J]. 工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 1999, 6(11): 23～28
[42] Allen Paul, Remke Rich, Green David, et al. IT basics for energy managers -The evolution of building automation systems toward the web[J]. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 2003, 22(4): 6～31
[43] Kanoglu Alaattin, Arditi David. An integrated automation system for design/build organizations[J]. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 2004, 20(1-3): 3～14
[44] Randy Amborn. BACnet Making New Connections[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jul): 55～56
[45] Steve Tom. Web Services & BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 14～17
[46] Jim Lee. Controlling your environment[J]. Buildings, 2000, 94 (Jun), 6: 84～94
[47] 聂佳, 董春桥. XML 技术在 BACnet 中的应用[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2004, 11(11): 68～71
[48] 方义, 熊璋, 王剑昆. BACnet 的对象及服务扩展[J]. 计算机工程, 2005, 31(18): 205～207
[49] 董春桥, 胡云鹏. 一种混合模式自控网络的研究与实现[J]. 自动化与仪表, 2004, 19(5): 60～63
[50] Christopher A Hollinger. Achieving BACnet Integration[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jun): 59～61
[51] Joanne Friedrick. Building automation's lead in open systems presents options[J]. Security Systems News, 2004, 7(Sep): 51～52
[52] Chervet Alex. XML and building automation[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46 (Dec):24～32
[53] Tom Steve. The ABCs of XML for BAS[J]. Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Oct): 47～49
[54] David Fisher. XML, Web Services, and the Problems of Enterprise-Level Data Exchange[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Apr): 13～14
[55] David G Holmberg. Enemies at the gates: Securing the BACnet(R) building. ASHRAE Journal, 2003, 45(Nov): 24～28
[56] Lauris Freidenfelds. Real Needs Must Drive Security Integration[J]. Building Operating Management, 2004, 51(Oct): 51～54
[57] 王中明, 武树斌, 刘贤德, 徐海峰. 在 Linux 平台下 BACnet 路由器的实时性研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(3): 60～62
[58] David Fisher. Specifying gateways and routers for BACnet networks[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jul): 62～68
[59] 武树斌, 刘贤德, 王中明, 徐海峰. 嵌入式BACnet广播管理设备的研究与实现[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(3): 63～65
[60] Bob Ofenstein. First 'Open Systems' Chip[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 32～34
[61] 董春桥, 胡云鹏, 聂佳. 现代 IT 技术对暖通空调制冷产业的影响[J]. 暖通空调HV&AC, 2005, 35(7): 50～53
[2] Carlos Petty. Integration Opportunities[J]. Building Operating Management, 2005, 52(Sep): 69～74
[3] James Piper, Mike Lobash. Freedom of Information[J]. Building Operating Management, 2005, 52(Mar): 47～50
[4] 董春桥. BACnet 原理与应用[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003,3: 1～405
[5] 智能建筑设计标准[S]. GB/T50314—2000: 1～64
[6] 谢希仁. 计算机网络[M]. (第四版). 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003,6: 21～27
[7] William O Swan. BACnet Retrospective[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Oct): 44～46
[8] Bill Swan. Past & Future of BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 7
[9] Steven T Bushby. BACnet Continues to Evolve[J]. Building Operating Management, 2004, 51(May): 91
[10] Jack McGowan. Reading, Writing, And BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 35～39
[11] 董春桥. BACnet 标准在我国推广和应用的思考[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2003, 10(12): 33～35
[12] 梁华, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于面向对象技术的楼宇自控网络协议的实现[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2003, 10(12): 35～37
[13] Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Stefan Soucek, et al. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control[J]. Proceedings OF THE IEEE, 2005, 93(Jun): 1187～1203
[14] Russell Daniel M., Streitz Norbert A., Winograd Terry. Building disappearing computers[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2005, 8(Mar): 42～48
[15] Wills Jeff. Will HVAC control go wireless?[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Jul): 46～52
[16] 刘贤德, 石岩, 惠晓实. BACnet 的体系结构[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 1999, 6(9): 16～20
[17] ISO16484-5/ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2001, A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Network[S]. 1～573
[18] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 数据链路/物理层规范[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 1999, 6(12): 15～20
[19] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 的对象模型[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2000, 7(1). 24～28
[20] 狄喆, 江亿, 何国霖. 面向对象设计在楼宇控制系统中的应用[J]. 暖通空调HV&AC, 2002, 32(5): 57～60
[21] 冯萍. 计算机软件技术及应用基础[M]. (第一版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004,2: 62～63
[22] 张义, 文亦书. BACnet 通信语言——BACnet 标准中的对象, 属性, 服务[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2001, 8(8): 13～18
[23] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 的服务[J]. 工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑, 2000, 7(2): 12～16
[24] Tom Steve. Specification writing: A productivity tool[J]. Heating/ Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2003, 75(Jul): 58～59
[25] Prendergast Frank. Building a secure Ethernet environment[J]. Plant Engineering, 2003, 57( Feb): 71～76
[26] Rinaldi J. EtherNet/IP -an application-layer protocol for industrial automation[J]. Sensors, 2003, 20(May): 43～45
[27] 杨守权. 新的强大通信系统——工业以太网[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2004, 11(11): 60～64
[28] 王威, 缪学勤. 试论工业以太网实时通信技术[J]. 自动化仪表, 2003, 24(2): 1～4
[29] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 金鑫. BACnet/IP: BACnet 的互联网扩展(上) [J]. 工程设计 CAD与智能建筑, 2000, 7(3): 16～18
[30] 王瑞华, 王普, 尹金玉, 张 红. 基于 TCP/IP 的楼宇自控网 BACnet[J]. 测控技术, 2003, 22(4): 38～41
[31] Christopher A Hollinger. Strategies for Using BACnet/IP[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 10～12
[32] 方义, 熊璋, 王忠欣. BACnet 与 Internet 的互联[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2005, 31(5): 578～582
[33] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 金鑫. BACnet/IP: BACnet 的互联网扩展(下) [J]. 工程设计 CAD与智能建筑, 2000, 7(4): 20～22
[34] 王凯航, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于JAVA的BACnet/IP协议基础软件的实现[J].计算机工程与应用, 2003, 40(17): 230～232
[35] 王家隽. 建筑设备工程基础(3)——建筑设备的控制工艺[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2005, 12(3): 61～66
[36] 董春桥, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 楼宇自动控制网络通信协议BACnet实现模型的研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2003, 40(5): 172～174
[37] 吴文钦, 杨斌. 应用协议报文编解码的通用对象化实现方案研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 42(3): 152～155
[38] 董春桥, 刘贤德, 惠晓实. 基于 Linux 开发 BACnet 的体系结构研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报, 2001, 29(10): 7～9
[39] 谭浩强. C 程序设计[M]. (第二版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999,12: 260～308
[40] 刘贤德, 石岩, 惠晓实. BACnet 应用层规范[J]. 工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 1999, 6(10): 10～15
[41] 惠晓实, 刘贤德, 石岩. BACnet 网络层规范[J]. 工程设计CAD与智能建筑, 1999, 6(11): 23～28
[42] Allen Paul, Remke Rich, Green David, et al. IT basics for energy managers -The evolution of building automation systems toward the web[J]. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 2003, 22(4): 6～31
[43] Kanoglu Alaattin, Arditi David. An integrated automation system for design/build organizations[J]. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 2004, 20(1-3): 3～14
[44] Randy Amborn. BACnet Making New Connections[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jul): 55～56
[45] Steve Tom. Web Services & BACnet[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 14～17
[46] Jim Lee. Controlling your environment[J]. Buildings, 2000, 94 (Jun), 6: 84～94
[47] 聂佳, 董春桥. XML 技术在 BACnet 中的应用[J]. 智能建筑与城市信息, 2004, 11(11): 68～71
[48] 方义, 熊璋, 王剑昆. BACnet 的对象及服务扩展[J]. 计算机工程, 2005, 31(18): 205～207
[49] 董春桥, 胡云鹏. 一种混合模式自控网络的研究与实现[J]. 自动化与仪表, 2004, 19(5): 60～63
[50] Christopher A Hollinger. Achieving BACnet Integration[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jun): 59～61
[51] Joanne Friedrick. Building automation's lead in open systems presents options[J]. Security Systems News, 2004, 7(Sep): 51～52
[52] Chervet Alex. XML and building automation[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46 (Dec):24～32
[53] Tom Steve. The ABCs of XML for BAS[J]. Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Oct): 47～49
[54] David Fisher. XML, Web Services, and the Problems of Enterprise-Level Data Exchange[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2004, 76(Apr): 13～14
[55] David G Holmberg. Enemies at the gates: Securing the BACnet(R) building. ASHRAE Journal, 2003, 45(Nov): 24～28
[56] Lauris Freidenfelds. Real Needs Must Drive Security Integration[J]. Building Operating Management, 2004, 51(Oct): 51～54
[57] 王中明, 武树斌, 刘贤德, 徐海峰. 在 Linux 平台下 BACnet 路由器的实时性研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(3): 60～62
[58] David Fisher. Specifying gateways and routers for BACnet networks[J]. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 2002, 74(Jul): 62～68
[59] 武树斌, 刘贤德, 王中明, 徐海峰. 嵌入式BACnet广播管理设备的研究与实现[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(3): 63～65
[60] Bob Ofenstein. First 'Open Systems' Chip[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 2004, 46(Oct): 32～34
[61] 董春桥, 胡云鹏, 聂佳. 现代 IT 技术对暖通空调制冷产业的影响[J]. 暖通空调HV&AC, 2005, 35(7): 50～53