渣浆泵内部流场的数值模拟
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摘要
离心式渣浆泵广泛应用于水利、冶金、化工、电力等行业,用于输送水与固体颗粒混合形成的一种密度更高的两相流体。渣浆泵的设计大多都是按输送清水介质设计的,导致泵的运行效率低,噪声大,局部磨损严重,造成能源和设备的大量浪费,因此了解泵内部流场的流动规律,优化设计过流部件,进而提高效率、降低磨损显得尤为重要。虽然实验是最直接、最可靠的方法,但是仍然面临投资大、周期长等实际困难,实验数据的准确度和精度受测试仪器仪表及环境的制约,对内部流场的分析和细微流动机理的分析能力有限。而利用CFD软件模拟泵内部流场成本低,并且可以准确直观的反映出泵内的流动规律。
本文对一个离心式渣浆泵建立了三维实体模型,并划分了网格,采用比较成熟的κ-ε模型来封闭求解N-S方程。对封闭的方程组进行数值求解,采用有限体积法进行离散,压力修正使用SIMPLE算法。利用FLUENT软件模拟了渣浆泵在五种不同流量、五种不同颗粒直径、五种不同的进口初始固相浓度及五种不同转速下的两相介质内部流场,得出了泵内部压力分布,速度分布,固相浓度分布等重要的流场信息。
文中对得到的结果进行了分析,得出了流量,固体颗粒直径、初始固相浓度及转速对叶轮和蜗壳压力场、速度场的影响；并分析了颗粒对渣浆泵磨损的影响,为改善渣浆泵的抗磨损性能和优化设计提供了一定的参考依据。
Centrifugal slurry pump is widely used in water conservancy, metallurgy, chemical engineering and electric power industry etc. It is used to deliver the fluid of high density which is formed by solid-liquid mixed. The design of the slurry pump usually based on the work condition of delivering water,which lead to the low operational efficiency, high noise and heavy concentrated wear, lead to largely waste of the energy and equipment, so it is very important to know about the flowing distributions. Experiment is the most direct and trusty, but the investment is very large, the period is very long. The analyzing ability on the flowing fields and the remote flow structures will also be restricted. But use the CFD software to simulate the Inner Flow Field cast lowly and it can reflect the distribution of the inner Flow Field correctly and directly.
In this paper, the entity model of Centrifugal slurry pump is generated and meshed, use the more mature k-εmodel to enclose derivation the N-S equation. Adopt the limited volume method to the enclose equations set, press amendment use the SIMPLE algorithm. Five different flux、five different grain sizes、five different inlet initial solid phase consistency and five rotate speed have simulated in this paper by using FLUENT software, have been pumping the pressure distribution,velocity distribution, solid-phase concentration distribution and other important information.
According to simulating the flow field in screw centrifugal pump, we get the distributions of velocity, pressure and volume fraction in screw centrifugal pump, Then, analyzing datum in a detailed way, we find out some factors affecting the performance of screw centrifugal pump, offer necessary references to improve on the type of vanes and improve the whole efficiency. The results of research offers reliable information to improve the pump' performance, and offer some theory to design the screw centrifugal pump.
本文对一个离心式渣浆泵建立了三维实体模型,并划分了网格,采用比较成熟的κ-ε模型来封闭求解N-S方程。对封闭的方程组进行数值求解,采用有限体积法进行离散,压力修正使用SIMPLE算法。利用FLUENT软件模拟了渣浆泵在五种不同流量、五种不同颗粒直径、五种不同的进口初始固相浓度及五种不同转速下的两相介质内部流场,得出了泵内部压力分布,速度分布,固相浓度分布等重要的流场信息。
文中对得到的结果进行了分析,得出了流量,固体颗粒直径、初始固相浓度及转速对叶轮和蜗壳压力场、速度场的影响；并分析了颗粒对渣浆泵磨损的影响,为改善渣浆泵的抗磨损性能和优化设计提供了一定的参考依据。
Centrifugal slurry pump is widely used in water conservancy, metallurgy, chemical engineering and electric power industry etc. It is used to deliver the fluid of high density which is formed by solid-liquid mixed. The design of the slurry pump usually based on the work condition of delivering water,which lead to the low operational efficiency, high noise and heavy concentrated wear, lead to largely waste of the energy and equipment, so it is very important to know about the flowing distributions. Experiment is the most direct and trusty, but the investment is very large, the period is very long. The analyzing ability on the flowing fields and the remote flow structures will also be restricted. But use the CFD software to simulate the Inner Flow Field cast lowly and it can reflect the distribution of the inner Flow Field correctly and directly.
In this paper, the entity model of Centrifugal slurry pump is generated and meshed, use the more mature k-εmodel to enclose derivation the N-S equation. Adopt the limited volume method to the enclose equations set, press amendment use the SIMPLE algorithm. Five different flux、five different grain sizes、five different inlet initial solid phase consistency and five rotate speed have simulated in this paper by using FLUENT software, have been pumping the pressure distribution,velocity distribution, solid-phase concentration distribution and other important information.
According to simulating the flow field in screw centrifugal pump, we get the distributions of velocity, pressure and volume fraction in screw centrifugal pump, Then, analyzing datum in a detailed way, we find out some factors affecting the performance of screw centrifugal pump, offer necessary references to improve on the type of vanes and improve the whole efficiency. The results of research offers reliable information to improve the pump' performance, and offer some theory to design the screw centrifugal pump.
引文
[1]吴中瑚.走向可持续发展的我国电力工业,国家计委能源研究所,节能与环保,2002,5-10
[2]M.Roce and E.Reinhart,CALCULATION OF SOLID PARTICLES CONCENTATION INCENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLERS USING FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE,hydrotransport 7,1980,pp.359-376
[3]沈总沼.国内液固两相流泵的设计研究综述.流体机械,2006,34(3)：32-38
[4]V.Yakhot, S.A.Orszag. Renomalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic Theory. Journal of Scientific Computing,1986,1(1):3-51
[5]卢池.流体机械内部空化流场的数值模拟.[西华大学硕士学位论文].成都：西华大学,2006：38-45
[6]Spalding,D.Brian,General Theory of Turbulent Combustion.Journal of Energy v 2 n 1 Jan-Feb,1978, p16-23
[7]Launder,B.E.;Massey,T.H.,Numerical Prediction of Viscous Flowand Heat Transfer in Tube Banks.Journal of Heat Transfer,Transactions ASME v 100 n 4 Nov 1978 p565-571
[8]A.Haider and O.Levenspiel.Drag Coefficient and Terminal Velocity of Spherical and Nonspherical Particles.Powder Technology,58:63-70,1989
[9]H.K.VERSTEEG,W.MALALAEKERA.An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics. 广州:世界图书出版社,2002
[10]李安虎,李红.离心泵过流部件的三维造型[J].水泵技术,2004,(2)：13-16
[11]赵斌娟,王泽.离心泵叶轮内流动数值模拟的现状和展望[J].农机化研究,2002,(3)：49-52
[12]陈池,袁寿其,郑铭等.离心泵叶轮三维贴体网格生成.农业机械学报2000,31(4)：50-53
[13]Xu Hong Yuan. Velocity Ratio Theory and Design Principles on Solid-Liquid Pump, Int Conf on Pump and System,1992,527
[14]关醒凡.现代泵技术手册.北京：宇航出版社,1995
[15]赵振海,离心式流道中固体颗粒运动规律的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京：清华大学.1989,6
[16]许洪元等.离心泵叶轮中固体颗粒运动轨迹计算.工程热物理学报,1993,第14卷第三期
[17]ICEM CFD Engineering，ICEM CFD Version4.2.2 User Guide,August 2002
[18]李仁年,刘彦.定常固液两相流动边界层的数学模型.流体机械,2000,28(1)
[19]朱金曦.两相流离心泵的设计理论及设计方法.清华大学硕士学位论文,1988,6
[20]郭自杰,陆逢升.关于两相流基础理论的讨论.水泵技术.1996,2
[21]赵敬亭等.离心泵流道中固体颗粒的运动.水泵技术.1990.第一期.pp.1-6
[22]梁冰,朱玉才,固液两相流泵的边界层理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[23]李金生,国外杂质泵发展概况[J].水泵技术,1989(1)：43-48
[24]李仁年,赵万勇.含沙水流在离心叶轮盖板腔体内的运动分析.甘肃工业大学学报,2002,28(1)：59-61
[25]李仁年,王丽晶.杂质泵的研究概况与发展趋势.水泵技术,2001,6
[26]何希杰,劳学苏,王联合等.渣浆泵扬程降HR经验公式.排灌机械,1998,1
[27]蔡保元.水力机械内的固液二相流设计新理论.工程热物理学报,1991,8
[28]李仁年,徐振法,韩伟等.渣浆泵内部流场数值模拟与磨损特性分析.排灌机械,2007,3
[29]梁冰,朱玉才,固液两相流泵的边界层理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[30]蔡保元,离心泵的“二相流”理论和设计原理[J].科学通报,1983(8)：498-502
[31]秦宏波,白晓宁等,基于CFD的管道固液两相流体输送的数值计算及实验对比,水力采煤与管道运输,2001.6第2期
[32]武春彬,离心式叶片湍流边界层理论研究与应用[D].硕士学位论文.阜新：辽宁工程技术大学.2003.12
[33]沈宗沼.国内液固两相流泵的设计研究综述.流体机械,2006,34(3)：32-38
[34]Stauffer W A.The Abrasion of Hydraulic Plant bySolid Water,Schw eiser Angew, Wiss Techniche,1958,24
[35]Thompson,J.F, T'hames, F. C. & Martin, C.W.Automatic Namcrical Generation of Body-fitted Curvilinear Coordinate System for Field ContainingAny Number of Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Bodies.j.Comput. Phys. Vol.5,1974,pp.299-319
[36]Patankar SV, Spalding DB."A Calculation Procedure for Heat,Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three-dimensional Parabolic Flows.",International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,vol.15,no.10,Oct.1972,pp.1787-806.UK.
[37]Winslow.A.W."Numerical Solution of the Quasilinear Possion Equation in a Nonuniform Triangle Mesh"J.Comp.Phys.,1967,Vol.2,PP.149-172
[38]MCRocectal.Dredge pump performance prediction [J].Journal of Pipilines,1986 (5): 171
[39]陈次昌,刘正英,刘天宝等.两相流泵的理论与设计[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1994,81-162
[40]郭烈锦,两相与多相流体动力学[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.12
[41]张妙龄,国外往复杂质泵发展概况[J].流体机械,1985(3)：38-41
[42]吴波.离心式渣浆泵水力设计及试验研究概况.流体机械,2000,第28卷第9期
[43]何希杰,李淑红,寇玉芬.渣浆泵快速磨损试验研究.水泵技术,2004,(5)：25-28
[44]姜培正等,杂质泵叶轮中固体颗粒运动规律的实验[A].全国第二届杂质泵及固体物管道水力输送学术讨论会论文集[C].自贡：全国泵专业委员会,1999(7)： 23-27
[45]刘湘文,离心式泥泵系数设计法[J].水泵技术,1982(1)：43-48
[46]刘小兵.固液两相流动及在涡轮机械中的数值模拟.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1981
[47]佟庆理.两相流动理论基础[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1982
[48]王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学社,2004
[49]周光炯等.流体力学.北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[50]许洪元等译.离心式渣浆泵模型磨损.两相流译文集(二)
[51]杨军虎,张人会,王春龙.蜗壳式离心泵的性能预测.2002流体机械技术论文集,流体机械杂志社,2002,433-436
[52]金树德,陈次昌,现代水泵设计方法[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1993,139-148
[53]谭维炎.计算浅水动力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[2]M.Roce and E.Reinhart,CALCULATION OF SOLID PARTICLES CONCENTATION INCENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLERS USING FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE,hydrotransport 7,1980,pp.359-376
[3]沈总沼.国内液固两相流泵的设计研究综述.流体机械,2006,34(3)：32-38
[4]V.Yakhot, S.A.Orszag. Renomalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic Theory. Journal of Scientific Computing,1986,1(1):3-51
[5]卢池.流体机械内部空化流场的数值模拟.[西华大学硕士学位论文].成都：西华大学,2006：38-45
[6]Spalding,D.Brian,General Theory of Turbulent Combustion.Journal of Energy v 2 n 1 Jan-Feb,1978, p16-23
[7]Launder,B.E.;Massey,T.H.,Numerical Prediction of Viscous Flowand Heat Transfer in Tube Banks.Journal of Heat Transfer,Transactions ASME v 100 n 4 Nov 1978 p565-571
[8]A.Haider and O.Levenspiel.Drag Coefficient and Terminal Velocity of Spherical and Nonspherical Particles.Powder Technology,58:63-70,1989
[9]H.K.VERSTEEG,W.MALALAEKERA.An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics. 广州:世界图书出版社,2002
[10]李安虎,李红.离心泵过流部件的三维造型[J].水泵技术,2004,(2)：13-16
[11]赵斌娟,王泽.离心泵叶轮内流动数值模拟的现状和展望[J].农机化研究,2002,(3)：49-52
[12]陈池,袁寿其,郑铭等.离心泵叶轮三维贴体网格生成.农业机械学报2000,31(4)：50-53
[13]Xu Hong Yuan. Velocity Ratio Theory and Design Principles on Solid-Liquid Pump, Int Conf on Pump and System,1992,527
[14]关醒凡.现代泵技术手册.北京：宇航出版社,1995
[15]赵振海,离心式流道中固体颗粒运动规律的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京：清华大学.1989,6
[16]许洪元等.离心泵叶轮中固体颗粒运动轨迹计算.工程热物理学报,1993,第14卷第三期
[17]ICEM CFD Engineering，ICEM CFD Version4.2.2 User Guide,August 2002
[18]李仁年,刘彦.定常固液两相流动边界层的数学模型.流体机械,2000,28(1)
[19]朱金曦.两相流离心泵的设计理论及设计方法.清华大学硕士学位论文,1988,6
[20]郭自杰,陆逢升.关于两相流基础理论的讨论.水泵技术.1996,2
[21]赵敬亭等.离心泵流道中固体颗粒的运动.水泵技术.1990.第一期.pp.1-6
[22]梁冰,朱玉才,固液两相流泵的边界层理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[23]李金生,国外杂质泵发展概况[J].水泵技术,1989(1)：43-48
[24]李仁年,赵万勇.含沙水流在离心叶轮盖板腔体内的运动分析.甘肃工业大学学报,2002,28(1)：59-61
[25]李仁年,王丽晶.杂质泵的研究概况与发展趋势.水泵技术,2001,6
[26]何希杰,劳学苏,王联合等.渣浆泵扬程降HR经验公式.排灌机械,1998,1
[27]蔡保元.水力机械内的固液二相流设计新理论.工程热物理学报,1991,8
[28]李仁年,徐振法,韩伟等.渣浆泵内部流场数值模拟与磨损特性分析.排灌机械,2007,3
[29]梁冰,朱玉才,固液两相流泵的边界层理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[30]蔡保元,离心泵的“二相流”理论和设计原理[J].科学通报,1983(8)：498-502
[31]秦宏波,白晓宁等,基于CFD的管道固液两相流体输送的数值计算及实验对比,水力采煤与管道运输,2001.6第2期
[32]武春彬,离心式叶片湍流边界层理论研究与应用[D].硕士学位论文.阜新：辽宁工程技术大学.2003.12
[33]沈宗沼.国内液固两相流泵的设计研究综述.流体机械,2006,34(3)：32-38
[34]Stauffer W A.The Abrasion of Hydraulic Plant bySolid Water,Schw eiser Angew, Wiss Techniche,1958,24
[35]Thompson,J.F, T'hames, F. C. & Martin, C.W.Automatic Namcrical Generation of Body-fitted Curvilinear Coordinate System for Field ContainingAny Number of Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Bodies.j.Comput. Phys. Vol.5,1974,pp.299-319
[36]Patankar SV, Spalding DB."A Calculation Procedure for Heat,Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three-dimensional Parabolic Flows.",International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,vol.15,no.10,Oct.1972,pp.1787-806.UK.
[37]Winslow.A.W."Numerical Solution of the Quasilinear Possion Equation in a Nonuniform Triangle Mesh"J.Comp.Phys.,1967,Vol.2,PP.149-172
[38]MCRocectal.Dredge pump performance prediction [J].Journal of Pipilines,1986 (5): 171
[39]陈次昌,刘正英,刘天宝等.两相流泵的理论与设计[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1994,81-162
[40]郭烈锦,两相与多相流体动力学[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.12
[41]张妙龄,国外往复杂质泵发展概况[J].流体机械,1985(3)：38-41
[42]吴波.离心式渣浆泵水力设计及试验研究概况.流体机械,2000,第28卷第9期
[43]何希杰,李淑红,寇玉芬.渣浆泵快速磨损试验研究.水泵技术,2004,(5)：25-28
[44]姜培正等,杂质泵叶轮中固体颗粒运动规律的实验[A].全国第二届杂质泵及固体物管道水力输送学术讨论会论文集[C].自贡：全国泵专业委员会,1999(7)： 23-27
[45]刘湘文,离心式泥泵系数设计法[J].水泵技术,1982(1)：43-48
[46]刘小兵.固液两相流动及在涡轮机械中的数值模拟.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1981
[47]佟庆理.两相流动理论基础[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1982
[48]王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学社,2004
[49]周光炯等.流体力学.北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[50]许洪元等译.离心式渣浆泵模型磨损.两相流译文集(二)
[51]杨军虎,张人会,王春龙.蜗壳式离心泵的性能预测.2002流体机械技术论文集,流体机械杂志社,2002,433-436
[52]金树德,陈次昌,现代水泵设计方法[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1993,139-148
[53]谭维炎.计算浅水动力学.北京：清华大学出版社,2003