半开式离心泵内部流场PIV实验研究
摘要
经过近十年的发展，PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry，缩写为PIV)技术已获得了人们的普遍认可，它的应用范围越来越广泛，并已成为研究复杂流场的一种基本测试手段。
本文中设计了半开式离心泵叶轮，安装在清水透明离心泵实验装置中。该叶轮采用速度系数法设计，转轮外径180mm，共有5张单圆弧圆柱形叶片，其出口安放角、进口安放角分别为35.1度、36.0度。蜗壳采用等速度矩法设计，其内断面为矩形，外边是平面。这样，该实验装置既能进行水泵性能试验，又满足PIV的测试要求。
本文在转速为1200r/min工况下，进行了水泵的外特性试验，得到了水泵的性能曲线。
本文应用PIV测试技术，分别在1.4、1.0和0.6倍最优流量的工况下，对半开式离心泵叶轮内部流场进行实验研究。测试窗口分别取在三个不同的叶槽中，在每个叶槽中沿轴向测试三个断面和一个间隙断面。在测得转轮内部的绝对速度矢量后，按速度三角形原理进行分解，得到了绝对速度切向分量、相对速度及相对速度切向分量。分析了转轮内部流场的分布规律，并和前人的测试和计算结果进行了比较。
本文得到了国家自然科学基金项目“水泵转轮内流场激光测量研究”(No.59949010)的资助。
In recent decade years, with the development of the flow measurements ,the PIV is accepted and applied as the fundamental measurements for the flow fields by the researchers.
The author designed an unshrouded centrifugal impeller, set in the transparent centrifugal pump. The velocity-coefficient method was used to design a 180mm diameter impeller with five single-arc-cylinder blades. The exit angle and inlet angle of the segment are 35.1 and 36.0 in degrees respectively. The shape volute's cross-section is the rectangle. The inlet of the pump and the axis are in the same side. Although the structure of the pump is different from the normal one, the performance of the pump can be measured and the internal flow fields in the volute and impellers can be investigated by using PIV easily.
The performance curve was acquired at the pump operating speed of 1200rpm.
PIV was applied to the measurements of the flow fields in the unshrouded centrifugal pump. During the measurements , three operation points of the pump were taken. The ratios of the flow rate (Q/Q) are 1.4 1.0 0.6 respectively. Three blade-to-blade passage and the three cross-section along the axial direction at each of the passages were selected for measurements. The absolute velocity was decomposed based on the law of velocity triangle, the absolute tangential velocity, the relative velocity and the relative tangential velocity were presented in this paper. The measurements flow fields were compared with the existing one from the experiments and numerical computation.
This thesis was supported by the projects of the Study on PIV Measurements of The Flow Fields Inside the Pump Impeller sponsored by the State Nature Science Fund
of China.
本文中设计了半开式离心泵叶轮，安装在清水透明离心泵实验装置中。该叶轮采用速度系数法设计，转轮外径180mm，共有5张单圆弧圆柱形叶片，其出口安放角、进口安放角分别为35.1度、36.0度。蜗壳采用等速度矩法设计，其内断面为矩形，外边是平面。这样，该实验装置既能进行水泵性能试验，又满足PIV的测试要求。
本文在转速为1200r/min工况下，进行了水泵的外特性试验，得到了水泵的性能曲线。
本文应用PIV测试技术，分别在1.4、1.0和0.6倍最优流量的工况下，对半开式离心泵叶轮内部流场进行实验研究。测试窗口分别取在三个不同的叶槽中，在每个叶槽中沿轴向测试三个断面和一个间隙断面。在测得转轮内部的绝对速度矢量后，按速度三角形原理进行分解，得到了绝对速度切向分量、相对速度及相对速度切向分量。分析了转轮内部流场的分布规律，并和前人的测试和计算结果进行了比较。
本文得到了国家自然科学基金项目“水泵转轮内流场激光测量研究”(No.59949010)的资助。
In recent decade years, with the development of the flow measurements ,the PIV is accepted and applied as the fundamental measurements for the flow fields by the researchers.
The author designed an unshrouded centrifugal impeller, set in the transparent centrifugal pump. The velocity-coefficient method was used to design a 180mm diameter impeller with five single-arc-cylinder blades. The exit angle and inlet angle of the segment are 35.1 and 36.0 in degrees respectively. The shape volute's cross-section is the rectangle. The inlet of the pump and the axis are in the same side. Although the structure of the pump is different from the normal one, the performance of the pump can be measured and the internal flow fields in the volute and impellers can be investigated by using PIV easily.
The performance curve was acquired at the pump operating speed of 1200rpm.
PIV was applied to the measurements of the flow fields in the unshrouded centrifugal pump. During the measurements , three operation points of the pump were taken. The ratios of the flow rate (Q/Q) are 1.4 1.0 0.6 respectively. Three blade-to-blade passage and the three cross-section along the axial direction at each of the passages were selected for measurements. The absolute velocity was decomposed based on the law of velocity triangle, the absolute tangential velocity, the relative velocity and the relative tangential velocity were presented in this paper. The measurements flow fields were compared with the existing one from the experiments and numerical computation.
This thesis was supported by the projects of the Study on PIV Measurements of The Flow Fields Inside the Pump Impeller sponsored by the State Nature Science Fund
of China.
引文
1、冯汉民主编，水泵学．水利电力出版社．1991，5
2、袁寿其主编，低比速离心泵理论与设计．机械工业出版社．1997，5
3、陈池等，低比速离心泵研究现状与展望．流体机械．1998(7)：29～34
4、A·T特罗斯科兰斯基等著，叶片泵计算与结构．机械工业出版社．1981
5、Anderson H.H., Mine pumps. Journal of Mining Society.1938
6、Stepanoff A J, Centrifugal and axial flow pumps. 2nd Cd.New York: John Wiley &Sons.Inc,1957
7、Wu C H. A general theory of three-dimensional flow in subsonic and supersonic turbomachines of axial, radial and mixed flow types. NACA TN 2604,1952
8、R.C.Worseter, The Flow In Volutes And Its Effect On Centrifugal Pump Performance. Proc Instn. Mech Engrs.1963,117(31):843～865
9、Moore J.A Wake and an eddy in a Rotation Radial-flow Passage Trans.ASME.J.Eng.for power,1973(July):205～219
10、陈次昌等，离心泵叶轮内的二次流及泵性能的研究．水泵技术25～33
11、袁卫星等，离心泵射流—尾迹模型的三元流计算．水泵技术12～18
12、陈次昌，离心泵叶轮主要几何尺寸的计算．排灌机械，1985，3(1)：34～40
13、彭国义，水力机械转轮反问题数值研究与进展．甘肃大学学报，1997(4)：31～36
14、常近时，叶片式水力机械水动力学计算基础．水利电力出版社，1989
15、罗兴等，流体机械叶轮设计的研究与发展．力学进展，1997(3)：372～388
16、李世煌等编译，水泵设计教程．机械工业出版社，1987
17、A.Demenlenaere Three-Dimensional Inverse Method for Turbomachinery Blading Design. Journal of Turbomachinery. 1998(120):247～255
18、Stepanoff A J, Centrifugal and axial flow pumps. 2nd Edition.New York: John Wiley &Sons.Inc,1957
19、Fischer K and Thoma D ,Investigation of the Flow Conditions in a Centrifugal Pump,Transactions of the ASME,1932 HYD—54—8:141～155
20、Acosta A J and Bowerman R D ,Anexperimental Study of Centrifugal Pump Imperllers, Transactions of the ASME,Vol 79:1821～1839
21、Howard H J G and Kittmer C W,Measured Passage Velocities in a Radial Impeller With Shrouded and Unshrouded Configurations, Journal of Engineering for Power,Vol 97,No.2:207～213
22、Murakami M, Kikuyama K, Asakura E. Velocity and pressure distributions in the impeller passages of centrifugal pumps. Trans. ASME, J.Fluid Eng, 1980(Dec.):420～426
23、Echardt D.Detailed Flow Investigations with in a High Speed Centrifugal Compressor Impeller. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,1976,98:390～402
24、Adler D,Levy Y.A Laser-Doppler Investigation of the Flow inside a Backswept,Closed,Centrifugal Impeller. J Mech Eng.Sci, 1979,21(1): 1～6
25、Hamkins C P,Flack R D,Laser Velocimetry Measurements In Shrouded and Unshrouded Radial Flow Impellers. J Turbomach(Trans ASME),1987,109:70～78
26、Miner S M,Beaudoin R J,Flack R D,Laser velocimeter in a Centrifugal Pump. J Turbomach(Tans ASME),1989,111(3):205～212
27、Cader T Masbernat O,Roco M C.LDV Measurements in a centrifugal Slurry Pump: Water and Dilute Slurry Flow. ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering, 1992, 114:606～615
28、Abramian M, Howard J H G.. Aroing, LDA System for Unsteady Relativate Flow in a Model Centrifugal Impellers ASME Journal of Turbomachineary, 1994,116:260～268
29、王正宾等．离心式水泵叶栅流动研究．北方交通大学学报，1998(10)：49～56
30、刘超等．离心泵叶轮内旋转流场激光测量研究．江苏农学院学报，1994，15(4)：64～71
31、李文广，离心油泵蜗壳与叶轮内部流动LDV测量与数值计算．[博士学位论文]，北京：石油大学，1996
32、李文广等．大出口角离心泵叶轮内部清水流动测量．农业机械学报，1999(2)：54～59
33、Paone N, Riethmuller M I,Van den Braembussche, R.A.,Application of Particle Image Displacement Velocimetry to a Centrifugal pump ,Fourth International Symposium on Applications of Laser techniques to Fluid Mechanics. Lisbon, Portugal, July 1988:11～14
34、Post,M.E.,goss,L.P.,Brainard,L.f.,Two-Color particle Imaging Velocimetry in a Turbine Cascade, proceedings of the AIAA, Aerospace Sciences Mtg, AIAA 91—0274,Reno Nv,Jan,1991:7～10
35、Shepherd, I.C.,et al, Velocity Measurement in Fan Rotors Using Particle Imaging Velocimetry, ASME Conference on Laser emometry.1994:Advances and Applications,Vol 191:179～183
36、Rothlubbers et al, Particle Tracking Velocimetry Measurements in a Radial Pump with Particle Pair Detection using the Hough transform, Eighth international Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal,July 8-11,1996:8.2.1-8.2.5
37、李永等．封闭式水泵吸水池内部流动的PIV量测．农业工程学报2001(5)：45～48
38、康琦等．全场测速技术进展．力学进展，1997(1)：106～120
39、Richard D.Keane ,Ronald J.Adrian.Theory Of Cross-Correlation Analysis Of PIV Images.Applied Scientific Research,1992(49):191～215
40、A.Cenedese and A.Paglialunga Digital Direct Analysis Of A Multiexposed Photograph In PIV. Experiments In Fluids,1990(8):273～280
41、Adrian R.J Multi-point optical measurement of simultaneous vectors in unsteady flow—a review. Int.j. heat and fluid flow,1996(7):127
42、Adrian R J. Particle image technique for experimental fluid mechanics. Ann. Rev. Fluid mech,1991(23):261
43、杜斯特 F，梅林 A，怀特洛 JH．激光多普勒测速技术的原理和实践，科学
出版社，北京，1992
44、Huntley J M. Speckle photography fringe analysis assessment of current algorithma.Appl.Opt.,1989(28):4216
45、Huntley J M.Fast Transfor for speckle photography fringe analysis .Optics and Laser in Eng.,1987(7):149
46、Navone H D ,Haufman G H. Automatic digital processing in speckle photography .Comparison of two algorithms.Appl.Opt.,1989(28):350
47、Tang F P et al PIV for Propeller Pumps. The 2nd International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering.22～25 October ,2000,Beijing:128～134
48、Y.Senoo.M. Yamaguchi, M. Nishi. A Photograpic Study Of The Three dimensional Flow In A Radial Compressor. Journal Of Engineering For Power. July,1968:237～244
49、姬忠礼，席葆树等．PIV技术测量振荡射流流场．流体力学实验与测量，1998(12)：87～91
50、刘宝杰等．PIV在低速风洞中的应用．流体力学实验与测量，1998，6
51、刘超，杨华，汤方平．PIV在离心泵内部流场测量中的应用．中国学术期刊文摘，2001(10)：1324～1326
52、Particle Image Velocimetry Software Mannual
53、盛森芝等．日新月异的现代流动测量技术．北京大学特赛流动测量研究中心，1999，9
54、席光，王尚锦．半开式离心压气机叶轮三维湍流场数值分析．西安交通大学学报，1997(5)：91～96
55、李海峰等．半开式离心泵叶轮内三维紊流的数值模拟．水泵技术，2001，1
2、袁寿其主编，低比速离心泵理论与设计．机械工业出版社．1997，5
3、陈池等，低比速离心泵研究现状与展望．流体机械．1998(7)：29～34
4、A·T特罗斯科兰斯基等著，叶片泵计算与结构．机械工业出版社．1981
5、Anderson H.H., Mine pumps. Journal of Mining Society.1938
6、Stepanoff A J, Centrifugal and axial flow pumps. 2nd Cd.New York: John Wiley &Sons.Inc,1957
7、Wu C H. A general theory of three-dimensional flow in subsonic and supersonic turbomachines of axial, radial and mixed flow types. NACA TN 2604,1952
8、R.C.Worseter, The Flow In Volutes And Its Effect On Centrifugal Pump Performance. Proc Instn. Mech Engrs.1963,117(31):843～865
9、Moore J.A Wake and an eddy in a Rotation Radial-flow Passage Trans.ASME.J.Eng.for power,1973(July):205～219
10、陈次昌等，离心泵叶轮内的二次流及泵性能的研究．水泵技术25～33
11、袁卫星等，离心泵射流—尾迹模型的三元流计算．水泵技术12～18
12、陈次昌，离心泵叶轮主要几何尺寸的计算．排灌机械，1985，3(1)：34～40
13、彭国义，水力机械转轮反问题数值研究与进展．甘肃大学学报，1997(4)：31～36
14、常近时，叶片式水力机械水动力学计算基础．水利电力出版社，1989
15、罗兴等，流体机械叶轮设计的研究与发展．力学进展，1997(3)：372～388
16、李世煌等编译，水泵设计教程．机械工业出版社，1987
17、A.Demenlenaere Three-Dimensional Inverse Method for Turbomachinery Blading Design. Journal of Turbomachinery. 1998(120):247～255
18、Stepanoff A J, Centrifugal and axial flow pumps. 2nd Edition.New York: John Wiley &Sons.Inc,1957
19、Fischer K and Thoma D ,Investigation of the Flow Conditions in a Centrifugal Pump,Transactions of the ASME,1932 HYD—54—8:141～155
20、Acosta A J and Bowerman R D ,Anexperimental Study of Centrifugal Pump Imperllers, Transactions of the ASME,Vol 79:1821～1839
21、Howard H J G and Kittmer C W,Measured Passage Velocities in a Radial Impeller With Shrouded and Unshrouded Configurations, Journal of Engineering for Power,Vol 97,No.2:207～213
22、Murakami M, Kikuyama K, Asakura E. Velocity and pressure distributions in the impeller passages of centrifugal pumps. Trans. ASME, J.Fluid Eng, 1980(Dec.):420～426
23、Echardt D.Detailed Flow Investigations with in a High Speed Centrifugal Compressor Impeller. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,1976,98:390～402
24、Adler D,Levy Y.A Laser-Doppler Investigation of the Flow inside a Backswept,Closed,Centrifugal Impeller. J Mech Eng.Sci, 1979,21(1): 1～6
25、Hamkins C P,Flack R D,Laser Velocimetry Measurements In Shrouded and Unshrouded Radial Flow Impellers. J Turbomach(Trans ASME),1987,109:70～78
26、Miner S M,Beaudoin R J,Flack R D,Laser velocimeter in a Centrifugal Pump. J Turbomach(Tans ASME),1989,111(3):205～212
27、Cader T Masbernat O,Roco M C.LDV Measurements in a centrifugal Slurry Pump: Water and Dilute Slurry Flow. ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering, 1992, 114:606～615
28、Abramian M, Howard J H G.. Aroing, LDA System for Unsteady Relativate Flow in a Model Centrifugal Impellers ASME Journal of Turbomachineary, 1994,116:260～268
29、王正宾等．离心式水泵叶栅流动研究．北方交通大学学报，1998(10)：49～56
30、刘超等．离心泵叶轮内旋转流场激光测量研究．江苏农学院学报，1994，15(4)：64～71
31、李文广，离心油泵蜗壳与叶轮内部流动LDV测量与数值计算．[博士学位论文]，北京：石油大学，1996
32、李文广等．大出口角离心泵叶轮内部清水流动测量．农业机械学报，1999(2)：54～59
33、Paone N, Riethmuller M I,Van den Braembussche, R.A.,Application of Particle Image Displacement Velocimetry to a Centrifugal pump ,Fourth International Symposium on Applications of Laser techniques to Fluid Mechanics. Lisbon, Portugal, July 1988:11～14
34、Post,M.E.,goss,L.P.,Brainard,L.f.,Two-Color particle Imaging Velocimetry in a Turbine Cascade, proceedings of the AIAA, Aerospace Sciences Mtg, AIAA 91—0274,Reno Nv,Jan,1991:7～10
35、Shepherd, I.C.,et al, Velocity Measurement in Fan Rotors Using Particle Imaging Velocimetry, ASME Conference on Laser emometry.1994:Advances and Applications,Vol 191:179～183
36、Rothlubbers et al, Particle Tracking Velocimetry Measurements in a Radial Pump with Particle Pair Detection using the Hough transform, Eighth international Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal,July 8-11,1996:8.2.1-8.2.5
37、李永等．封闭式水泵吸水池内部流动的PIV量测．农业工程学报2001(5)：45～48
38、康琦等．全场测速技术进展．力学进展，1997(1)：106～120
39、Richard D.Keane ,Ronald J.Adrian.Theory Of Cross-Correlation Analysis Of PIV Images.Applied Scientific Research,1992(49):191～215
40、A.Cenedese and A.Paglialunga Digital Direct Analysis Of A Multiexposed Photograph In PIV. Experiments In Fluids,1990(8):273～280
41、Adrian R.J Multi-point optical measurement of simultaneous vectors in unsteady flow—a review. Int.j. heat and fluid flow,1996(7):127
42、Adrian R J. Particle image technique for experimental fluid mechanics. Ann. Rev. Fluid mech,1991(23):261
43、杜斯特 F，梅林 A，怀特洛 JH．激光多普勒测速技术的原理和实践，科学
出版社，北京，1992
44、Huntley J M. Speckle photography fringe analysis assessment of current algorithma.Appl.Opt.,1989(28):4216
45、Huntley J M.Fast Transfor for speckle photography fringe analysis .Optics and Laser in Eng.,1987(7):149
46、Navone H D ,Haufman G H. Automatic digital processing in speckle photography .Comparison of two algorithms.Appl.Opt.,1989(28):350
47、Tang F P et al PIV for Propeller Pumps. The 2nd International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering.22～25 October ,2000,Beijing:128～134
48、Y.Senoo.M. Yamaguchi, M. Nishi. A Photograpic Study Of The Three dimensional Flow In A Radial Compressor. Journal Of Engineering For Power. July,1968:237～244
49、姬忠礼，席葆树等．PIV技术测量振荡射流流场．流体力学实验与测量，1998(12)：87～91
50、刘宝杰等．PIV在低速风洞中的应用．流体力学实验与测量，1998，6
51、刘超，杨华，汤方平．PIV在离心泵内部流场测量中的应用．中国学术期刊文摘，2001(10)：1324～1326
52、Particle Image Velocimetry Software Mannual
53、盛森芝等．日新月异的现代流动测量技术．北京大学特赛流动测量研究中心，1999，9
54、席光，王尚锦．半开式离心压气机叶轮三维湍流场数值分析．西安交通大学学报，1997(5)：91～96
55、李海峰等．半开式离心泵叶轮内三维紊流的数值模拟．水泵技术，2001，1