固体废弃物制备土壤改良剂实验研究
|
摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展,环境问题和土壤破坏问题已经受到我国政府及相关部门的高度重视,并将其列入国民经济和社会发展“十一五”计划生态建设和环境保护重点专项规划中。本论文基于固体废弃物再利用和贫瘠土壤急待改良两点,利用磷石膏、粉煤灰、污泥为原材料制备土壤改良剂。
本文针对8种目标土壤开展了两个阶段的土壤改良剂配比实验研究,配比实验通过pH值临界法、预配-反复筛选法确定了改良剂三原料最优配比(污泥、粉煤灰、磷石膏三者质量比为600:320:1;目标土壤与改良剂质量比为8:2)。实验结果表明,加入土壤改良剂后的8种目标土壤在肥力和营养元素含量等方面有大幅度提高,将改良后目标土壤各参数与国家土壤2级别标准进行参比可以看出,第二阶段实验改良后的8种目标土壤有效氮、磷、钾、有机质含量均达到国家土壤2级标准,且对于参数基数较低的目标土壤改良效果良好(其中有效N最高达629mg/kg,有效P最高达650 mg/kg,有效K最高达620 mg/kg,有机质最高达15.4%)。本文通过理论计算数据和实际测试数据的对比分析做出了土壤各参数误差(其中以第2阶段有效氮平均误差最大,高达-876.032mg/kg),推测了产生土壤参数系统误差与随机误差的主要原因,并总结了改良剂各原料配比、混合土壤有效氮、磷、钾、有机质含量、改良剂在混合土壤中的质量百分比、土壤参数误差值之间的模型关系式。为了进一步验证本实验改良剂对8种目标土壤的改良效果,本文开展了玉米盆栽种植实验,实验结果表明,改良后目标土壤相对于原目标土壤,平均发芽率高出6.7%,平均茎叶高度高出35.11mm,平均生长速率高出3.32mm/30d,由此可见,改良后目标土壤性能明显优越于原目标土壤,本实验土壤改良剂改良效果显著。
Along with the rapid development of China's economy, environmental problems and the damage of soil by our government and problems has been highly relevant departments, and the national economic and social development "11th five-year" plan ecological improvement and environmental protection in the special planning. This paper based on the solid waste reuse and poor soil arid improvement, phosphorous gesso, two for raw materials and fly ash soil ameliorators for preparation of sludge.
Aiming at eight goals in two stages of soil experiment research, the ratio of soil improver through pH value of the critical ratio, dock planner - repeatedly screening method of optimal proportioning three improver raw sewage sludge, fly ash, (three mass ratio of phosphorous gesso 600:320:1; the soil quality improver and target than for 8). Experimental results show that the soil ameliorators eight goals in the fertility of soil nutrient content and etc, will be improved greatly improve soil parameters and the national goal of soil 2 levels GSCC standards can be seen, the second phase experimental improved eight goals soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil organic matter content meet the national standards, and 2 for parameters of a low base target soil improvement effect (effective N topped 629mg/kg, effective P topped 650 mg/kg, effective K highest 62 mg/kg, organic highest 15.4 per cent). Through theoretical calculation and practical data of test data analysis of soil parameters errors made in the first two stages (including the average error of the maximum effective nitrogen, 876.032 mg/kg) - that the soil parameters, and the random error of the system error, and summarizes the main reason the mixing ratio of raw material, improvers soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter content in the soil improver, mixing, soil quality percentage of model parameters between error formula. In order to verify this experiment of eight goals soil ameliorators for improvement, this paper carried out experiments, potted plant corn experimental results show that the improved target soil relative to the average rate of soil, the higher goal, the average height of 6.7 shoot higher average growth rate 35.11 mm, 3.32 30d/mm above, therefore, improved obviously superior to target the soil properties of soil, this experiment target improvement of soil ameliorators effect is remarkable.
本文针对8种目标土壤开展了两个阶段的土壤改良剂配比实验研究,配比实验通过pH值临界法、预配-反复筛选法确定了改良剂三原料最优配比(污泥、粉煤灰、磷石膏三者质量比为600:320:1;目标土壤与改良剂质量比为8:2)。实验结果表明,加入土壤改良剂后的8种目标土壤在肥力和营养元素含量等方面有大幅度提高,将改良后目标土壤各参数与国家土壤2级别标准进行参比可以看出,第二阶段实验改良后的8种目标土壤有效氮、磷、钾、有机质含量均达到国家土壤2级标准,且对于参数基数较低的目标土壤改良效果良好(其中有效N最高达629mg/kg,有效P最高达650 mg/kg,有效K最高达620 mg/kg,有机质最高达15.4%)。本文通过理论计算数据和实际测试数据的对比分析做出了土壤各参数误差(其中以第2阶段有效氮平均误差最大,高达-876.032mg/kg),推测了产生土壤参数系统误差与随机误差的主要原因,并总结了改良剂各原料配比、混合土壤有效氮、磷、钾、有机质含量、改良剂在混合土壤中的质量百分比、土壤参数误差值之间的模型关系式。为了进一步验证本实验改良剂对8种目标土壤的改良效果,本文开展了玉米盆栽种植实验,实验结果表明,改良后目标土壤相对于原目标土壤,平均发芽率高出6.7%,平均茎叶高度高出35.11mm,平均生长速率高出3.32mm/30d,由此可见,改良后目标土壤性能明显优越于原目标土壤,本实验土壤改良剂改良效果显著。
Along with the rapid development of China's economy, environmental problems and the damage of soil by our government and problems has been highly relevant departments, and the national economic and social development "11th five-year" plan ecological improvement and environmental protection in the special planning. This paper based on the solid waste reuse and poor soil arid improvement, phosphorous gesso, two for raw materials and fly ash soil ameliorators for preparation of sludge.
Aiming at eight goals in two stages of soil experiment research, the ratio of soil improver through pH value of the critical ratio, dock planner - repeatedly screening method of optimal proportioning three improver raw sewage sludge, fly ash, (three mass ratio of phosphorous gesso 600:320:1; the soil quality improver and target than for 8). Experimental results show that the soil ameliorators eight goals in the fertility of soil nutrient content and etc, will be improved greatly improve soil parameters and the national goal of soil 2 levels GSCC standards can be seen, the second phase experimental improved eight goals soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil organic matter content meet the national standards, and 2 for parameters of a low base target soil improvement effect (effective N topped 629mg/kg, effective P topped 650 mg/kg, effective K highest 62 mg/kg, organic highest 15.4 per cent). Through theoretical calculation and practical data of test data analysis of soil parameters errors made in the first two stages (including the average error of the maximum effective nitrogen, 876.032 mg/kg) - that the soil parameters, and the random error of the system error, and summarizes the main reason the mixing ratio of raw material, improvers soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter content in the soil improver, mixing, soil quality percentage of model parameters between error formula. In order to verify this experiment of eight goals soil ameliorators for improvement, this paper carried out experiments, potted plant corn experimental results show that the improved target soil relative to the average rate of soil, the higher goal, the average height of 6.7 shoot higher average growth rate 35.11 mm, 3.32 30d/mm above, therefore, improved obviously superior to target the soil properties of soil, this experiment target improvement of soil ameliorators effect is remarkable.
引文
[1]杨尽,刘莉,孙传敏,等.新增耕地土壤物质组分特征及其培肥研究[J].农业工报,2008,24(7):102-105.
[2]李伟,卜玉山,周秋香.污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影[J].科学之友,2009,6(19):10-13.
[3]杨明金,张勃,王海军,等.磷石膏对土壤导水性能的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2009,4(4):83-86.
[4]申俊峰,M.A.Powell,D.B.Hayden.磷处理粉煤灰可做农业土壤磷源[J].地质前缘,2008,15(6):4-6.
[5]古德生,胡家国.粉煤灰应用研究现状[J].采矿技术,2002,2(2):1-3.
[6]霍鹏,陈亚鹏.城市污泥资源化及活性炭综合利用[J].环保与安全,2009,32(8):3-6.
[7]李祯,李胜荣,申俊峰,等.粉煤灰核城市污泥配施对荒漠化土壤持性能影响的实验研究[J].环境与地球, 2005, 33(2):74-78.
[8]李雪,姜振泉.粉煤灰理化特性综合利用[J].环境科学研究,1998,11(3):60-62.
[9]周学武,粉煤灰与污泥配施改良山东郑路、华丰盐碱地的实验研究[D].中国地质大学,2006.
[9]秦海枝,曹江营.粉煤灰作为土壤改良剂应用研究[J].内蒙古环境保护.19957(3):4-9.
[10]王凯雄,胡勤海.环境化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[11]刘芬.株洲地区土壤pH值测定方法研究[J].农业环境保护,1998,2(2):19-26.
[12]曹丽花,赵世伟.土壤结构改良剂对风沙土水稳性团聚体改良效果及机理的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4):11-14.
[13]汪德水.土壤结构改良剂的改土、保水、增产效果研究[J].土壤肥料,1990,(5):9-13.
[14]王雪.土壤结构改良剂的研究利用现状综述[J].中国科技核心期刊,2009,(3):43-46.
[15]赵记军,徐培智,解开治.土壤改良剂研究现状及其在南方旱坡地的应用前景[J].广东农业科学,2007(10). 10-15.
[16]孙汉文,安建华,梁淑轩,康林.固体废物污染状况分析与废物资源化的思考[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,26(5):506-514
[17]赵由才,龙燕.固体废物处理技术进展[J].有色冶金设计与研究, 2003,24(3):10-14
[18]徐翠云.磷石膏的开发利用现状[J].矿产保护与利用, 2000(2):52-53
[19]许晓平,汪有科,冯浩等.土壤改良剂改土培肥增产效应研究综述[J].中国农学通报, 2007,23(9):331-333
[20]吴家华,董云中,刘继青等.粉煤灰改土效应研究[J].土壤学报, 1995,32(3):534-540
[21]张文全,付小花,乐毅等.土壤改良剂:固体废弃物处置与资源化的有效途径[J].安徽农业科学, 2008,36
[22]李贵宝,单保庆,孙克刚等.粉煤灰农业利用研究进展[J].磷肥与复肥, 2000,15(16):59-60
[23]马新明,王小纯,丁君等.粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对麦田生态因子及重金属残留的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2001,12(4):610-613
[24]孙立江,王中林.粉煤灰改改土实验[J].河南农业科学, 1990(10):18-20
[25]郭翠香,石磊,牛冬杰等.浅谈磷石膏的综合利用[J].中国资源综合利用, 2006,24(2):29-32
[26]苏素芹.工业副产品石膏的开发与利用[J].山东建材, 2008(2):43-45
[27]冯元琦.利用磷石膏[J].中国石油与化工, 2000(2):56-59
[28]唐英年,杨玉凤,李殿琴.国内外磷石膏的开发与利用[J].辽宁建材, 1995,4(41):28-31
[29]司元,周学武,曾钢.利用废弃物改良山东华丰煤矿退化土地试验的对比分析[J].科物论坛, 2007(9):81-183
[30]李祯,毛新国,申俊峰等.城市污泥和粉煤灰配施影响砂化土壤微生物区系的实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2006,34(3):38-43
[31]李祯,李胜荣,申俊峰等.粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对荒漠土壤持水性能的实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2005,33(2):74-78
[32]申俊峰,李胜荣,李海明等.粉煤灰和污水沉淀物复合土壤添加剂中磷的有效化实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2004,32(1):86-89
[33]张增强,唐新保.污泥堆肥化处理对重金属形态的影响[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(4):188-190
[34]赵来乾,R.D.Davis.英国污处置现状及其发展概述[J].给水排水,1998,24(9):28-29
[35]陈荣柱,任琳.日本污泥处理技术现状与动态[J].给水排水,1999,25(10):20-21
[36]顾夏生,黄铭荣,王占生等.水处理工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1985:159-160
[37] Page et al,Zhu shuquan.Research on application of coal fly soil ameliorant With in modern Chinese planting environment[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,6(46):312-313
[38] Lindeken et al J.,Dinesh G.Fly ash as a soil ameliorant for improving crop production -a review[J].Bioresource Technology 1980,97:1136-1147
[39] A.K.Alva,M.E.Sumner.Amelioration of acid soil infertility by phosphogypsum[J].Plant and Soil,1990,128(1):127-134
[40] C.Papastefanou,S.Stoulos,A.Ioannidou,M.Manolopoulou.The application of pho-sphogypsum in agroculture and the radiological impact[J].J.Environ.Radioac-tivity 2006,89:188-198
[41] Beretka,J.The current state of utilization of phosphogypsum in Australia.In:Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Phosphogypsum[J].Orlando,1990,2:394-401
[42] Anjos .M.,Dudas,M.J.,Rutherford,P.M.Radioactivity and chemical charac-teritics of Alberta phosphogypsum[J].water,Air and Soil Pollution,1993,69:277-290
[43] Chang Hoon Lee,Yong Bok Lee Hyup Lee et al.Reducing phosphorus release from Paddy soils by a fly ash–gypsum mixture[J].Bioresource Tecnology,2007,98:1980-1984
[44] José-María Abril,Rafael García-Tenorio,et al The cumulative effect of three Decades of phosphogypsum amendments in reclaimed Marsh soils from SW Spain: 226Ra、238U和Cd contents in soils and tomato fruit[J].2008,403:80-88
[45]] Silvia M.Contreras-Rammos,Dioselina Alvarez-Bernal,Luc Sendooven.Gharac teristics of earthworms in PAHs contaminated soil amended with sewage sludge orvermicompostp[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41:269-276
[46] Wong J.W.C.,Fang M.,Jiang R.Persistency of Bacterial indicators in biosolids Stabilization with coal fly ash and lime[J].Water Environment Research,2001,75(5):607-610
[47]Adriano,D.C.,Woodford,T.A.,Ciravolo,T.G.Growth and elemental composition of corn ash[J].J.Environ,1978,7:416-421
[48] Chang Hoon Lee,Yong Bok Lee Hyup Lee et al.Reducing phosphorus release from Paddy soils by a fly ash–gypsum mixture[J].Bioresource Tecnology,2007,98:1980-1984
[49]陈闽子,佟琦,韩树民.磷石膏、粉煤灰在硅钙硫肥料生产中的应用[J].中国资源综合利用, 2003(09):9-11
[50] Giardini,L.Aspetti agronomici della gestione dei reflui zootecnici[J].RivistaDi Ingegnaria Agraria,1991,12:679-689
[51] Hill,M.J.,Lamp,C.A.Use of pulverized fuel ash from Victorian brown coal as a source of nutrients for pasture species[J].J.Exptl.Agric.Animal Husb,1980,20: 377-384
[52] Molliner,A.M.,Street,J.J.Effect of fly ash and lime on growth and composition Of corn (Zea mays L.)on acid sandy soils[J].Proc.Soil Crop Soc.,1982,FL41:217-220
[53] Menon,M.P.Elements in coal and coal ash residues and their potential for agricultureal crops.traceelementsincoalandcoalcombustionresidues[M].LewisPublishers,Florida,USA,1993:259-285
[54] A.K.Alva,M.E.Sumner.Amelioration of acid soil infertility by phosphogypsum[J].Plant and Soil,1990,128(1):127-134
[2]李伟,卜玉山,周秋香.污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影[J].科学之友,2009,6(19):10-13.
[3]杨明金,张勃,王海军,等.磷石膏对土壤导水性能的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2009,4(4):83-86.
[4]申俊峰,M.A.Powell,D.B.Hayden.磷处理粉煤灰可做农业土壤磷源[J].地质前缘,2008,15(6):4-6.
[5]古德生,胡家国.粉煤灰应用研究现状[J].采矿技术,2002,2(2):1-3.
[6]霍鹏,陈亚鹏.城市污泥资源化及活性炭综合利用[J].环保与安全,2009,32(8):3-6.
[7]李祯,李胜荣,申俊峰,等.粉煤灰核城市污泥配施对荒漠化土壤持性能影响的实验研究[J].环境与地球, 2005, 33(2):74-78.
[8]李雪,姜振泉.粉煤灰理化特性综合利用[J].环境科学研究,1998,11(3):60-62.
[9]周学武,粉煤灰与污泥配施改良山东郑路、华丰盐碱地的实验研究[D].中国地质大学,2006.
[9]秦海枝,曹江营.粉煤灰作为土壤改良剂应用研究[J].内蒙古环境保护.19957(3):4-9.
[10]王凯雄,胡勤海.环境化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[11]刘芬.株洲地区土壤pH值测定方法研究[J].农业环境保护,1998,2(2):19-26.
[12]曹丽花,赵世伟.土壤结构改良剂对风沙土水稳性团聚体改良效果及机理的研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4):11-14.
[13]汪德水.土壤结构改良剂的改土、保水、增产效果研究[J].土壤肥料,1990,(5):9-13.
[14]王雪.土壤结构改良剂的研究利用现状综述[J].中国科技核心期刊,2009,(3):43-46.
[15]赵记军,徐培智,解开治.土壤改良剂研究现状及其在南方旱坡地的应用前景[J].广东农业科学,2007(10). 10-15.
[16]孙汉文,安建华,梁淑轩,康林.固体废物污染状况分析与废物资源化的思考[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,26(5):506-514
[17]赵由才,龙燕.固体废物处理技术进展[J].有色冶金设计与研究, 2003,24(3):10-14
[18]徐翠云.磷石膏的开发利用现状[J].矿产保护与利用, 2000(2):52-53
[19]许晓平,汪有科,冯浩等.土壤改良剂改土培肥增产效应研究综述[J].中国农学通报, 2007,23(9):331-333
[20]吴家华,董云中,刘继青等.粉煤灰改土效应研究[J].土壤学报, 1995,32(3):534-540
[21]张文全,付小花,乐毅等.土壤改良剂:固体废弃物处置与资源化的有效途径[J].安徽农业科学, 2008,36
[22]李贵宝,单保庆,孙克刚等.粉煤灰农业利用研究进展[J].磷肥与复肥, 2000,15(16):59-60
[23]马新明,王小纯,丁君等.粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对麦田生态因子及重金属残留的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2001,12(4):610-613
[24]孙立江,王中林.粉煤灰改改土实验[J].河南农业科学, 1990(10):18-20
[25]郭翠香,石磊,牛冬杰等.浅谈磷石膏的综合利用[J].中国资源综合利用, 2006,24(2):29-32
[26]苏素芹.工业副产品石膏的开发与利用[J].山东建材, 2008(2):43-45
[27]冯元琦.利用磷石膏[J].中国石油与化工, 2000(2):56-59
[28]唐英年,杨玉凤,李殿琴.国内外磷石膏的开发与利用[J].辽宁建材, 1995,4(41):28-31
[29]司元,周学武,曾钢.利用废弃物改良山东华丰煤矿退化土地试验的对比分析[J].科物论坛, 2007(9):81-183
[30]李祯,毛新国,申俊峰等.城市污泥和粉煤灰配施影响砂化土壤微生物区系的实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2006,34(3):38-43
[31]李祯,李胜荣,申俊峰等.粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对荒漠土壤持水性能的实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2005,33(2):74-78
[32]申俊峰,李胜荣,李海明等.粉煤灰和污水沉淀物复合土壤添加剂中磷的有效化实验研究[J].地球与环境, 2004,32(1):86-89
[33]张增强,唐新保.污泥堆肥化处理对重金属形态的影响[J].农业环境保护,1996,15(4):188-190
[34]赵来乾,R.D.Davis.英国污处置现状及其发展概述[J].给水排水,1998,24(9):28-29
[35]陈荣柱,任琳.日本污泥处理技术现状与动态[J].给水排水,1999,25(10):20-21
[36]顾夏生,黄铭荣,王占生等.水处理工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1985:159-160
[37] Page et al,Zhu shuquan.Research on application of coal fly soil ameliorant With in modern Chinese planting environment[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,6(46):312-313
[38] Lindeken et al J.,Dinesh G.Fly ash as a soil ameliorant for improving crop production -a review[J].Bioresource Technology 1980,97:1136-1147
[39] A.K.Alva,M.E.Sumner.Amelioration of acid soil infertility by phosphogypsum[J].Plant and Soil,1990,128(1):127-134
[40] C.Papastefanou,S.Stoulos,A.Ioannidou,M.Manolopoulou.The application of pho-sphogypsum in agroculture and the radiological impact[J].J.Environ.Radioac-tivity 2006,89:188-198
[41] Beretka,J.The current state of utilization of phosphogypsum in Australia.In:Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Phosphogypsum[J].Orlando,1990,2:394-401
[42] Anjos .M.,Dudas,M.J.,Rutherford,P.M.Radioactivity and chemical charac-teritics of Alberta phosphogypsum[J].water,Air and Soil Pollution,1993,69:277-290
[43] Chang Hoon Lee,Yong Bok Lee Hyup Lee et al.Reducing phosphorus release from Paddy soils by a fly ash–gypsum mixture[J].Bioresource Tecnology,2007,98:1980-1984
[44] José-María Abril,Rafael García-Tenorio,et al The cumulative effect of three Decades of phosphogypsum amendments in reclaimed Marsh soils from SW Spain: 226Ra、238U和Cd contents in soils and tomato fruit[J].2008,403:80-88
[45]] Silvia M.Contreras-Rammos,Dioselina Alvarez-Bernal,Luc Sendooven.Gharac teristics of earthworms in PAHs contaminated soil amended with sewage sludge orvermicompostp[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41:269-276
[46] Wong J.W.C.,Fang M.,Jiang R.Persistency of Bacterial indicators in biosolids Stabilization with coal fly ash and lime[J].Water Environment Research,2001,75(5):607-610
[47]Adriano,D.C.,Woodford,T.A.,Ciravolo,T.G.Growth and elemental composition of corn ash[J].J.Environ,1978,7:416-421
[48] Chang Hoon Lee,Yong Bok Lee Hyup Lee et al.Reducing phosphorus release from Paddy soils by a fly ash–gypsum mixture[J].Bioresource Tecnology,2007,98:1980-1984
[49]陈闽子,佟琦,韩树民.磷石膏、粉煤灰在硅钙硫肥料生产中的应用[J].中国资源综合利用, 2003(09):9-11
[50] Giardini,L.Aspetti agronomici della gestione dei reflui zootecnici[J].RivistaDi Ingegnaria Agraria,1991,12:679-689
[51] Hill,M.J.,Lamp,C.A.Use of pulverized fuel ash from Victorian brown coal as a source of nutrients for pasture species[J].J.Exptl.Agric.Animal Husb,1980,20: 377-384
[52] Molliner,A.M.,Street,J.J.Effect of fly ash and lime on growth and composition Of corn (Zea mays L.)on acid sandy soils[J].Proc.Soil Crop Soc.,1982,FL41:217-220
[53] Menon,M.P.Elements in coal and coal ash residues and their potential for agricultureal crops.traceelementsincoalandcoalcombustionresidues[M].LewisPublishers,Florida,USA,1993:259-285
[54] A.K.Alva,M.E.Sumner.Amelioration of acid soil infertility by phosphogypsum[J].Plant and Soil,1990,128(1):127-134