基于3S技术的霍山县土壤侵蚀动态研究
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摘要
本研究运用3S技术,以安徽省霍山县为研究区域,以TM(MSS)遥感影像(包括1979、1994、2002和2006年度四个时期)为主要数据源,对霍山县土壤侵蚀现象进行动态研究,对比分析研究区内不同年份间的土壤侵蚀状况与演变趋势,结合历史资料和实地调查,并综合运用水土保持理论与方法,总结多年水土保持经验,寻找区域生态改良因子,对比选择出较适合研究区的土壤侵蚀治理措施,为探寻小流域更为有效的土壤侵蚀治理提供有用信息,并为示范推广区域的土壤侵蚀综合防治技术提供参考依据。通过研究,所得主要结论如下:
1.通过对霍山县四个时段的遥感影像的解译及实地调查,分析研究土壤侵蚀状况,获得全县的土壤侵蚀的主要现状特征:目前,全县土壤侵蚀总面积为804.28km~2,占全县总面积的39.40%。研究区域内土壤侵蚀强度整体上是以轻度侵蚀为主,侵蚀面积为681.96km~2,占全县总面积的33.40%,局部区域以中度侵蚀类型为主;
2.全县土壤侵蚀面积呈现减少趋势,土壤侵蚀强度明显降低。土壤侵蚀面积由1979的1276.52km~2减少到2006年的804.28km~2,20多年间减少了472.24 km~2,占全县总面积的23.13%。表明:20多年来霍山县的土壤侵蚀综合治理获得了明显成效,有效地遏制了土壤侵蚀的发生与发展,显著改善了全县的生态环境;
3.不同时期的土壤侵蚀变化规律是,以轻度侵蚀为主,不同级别土壤侵蚀强度空间变化差异显著,在1979、1994、2002和2006年四个典型时期,轻度、中度和强度侵蚀面积分别占土壤侵蚀总面积的97.83%、96.55%、95.26%和84.20%,为土壤侵蚀强度的主要类型;
4.不同时段土壤侵蚀强度变化规律是,土壤侵蚀呈现逐渐减少的趋势,表现为由较高强度级侵蚀向较低强度级侵蚀转化,不同等级的土壤侵蚀强度空间变化差异显著,但在不同时段土壤侵蚀强度的面积变化和空间变化有所不同,土壤侵蚀面积在不同时段的变化量排序依次为:2002～2006年(13.03km~2)<1979～1994年(316.96km~2)<1994～2002年(802.23km~2),表明:霍山县在1994～2002年期间的土壤侵蚀治理效果显著,水土保持工作进展顺利;
5.霍山县土壤侵蚀表现为以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,强度侵蚀次之,总体来看,无强剧烈侵蚀的特征。同时,不同等级的土壤侵蚀强度分布具有较明显的空间分异特征。其中,强度和极强度侵蚀则主要分布在人为生产活动频繁的低覆盖度植被区或陡坡区域;中度侵蚀主要发生在岩石区域的中覆盖度植被区;而轻度侵蚀主要分布在受人为活动影响较少的高覆盖度植被区,以及水库、沟道两侧耕地、园地和缓坡区域。说明人为活动方式及其引起的植被覆盖状况和地面坡度等地形因子状况的变化,是影响区域土壤侵蚀的重要因子。
This research utilizes the 3S technology, take the Huoshan County in Anhui Province as the study geographic area, take the TM(MSS) remote sensing phantom (including four periods about 1979, 1994, 2002 and 2006) as the main data sources. Taking a dynamic study about the soil erosion phenomenon in Huoshan County. Comparative analysis soil erosion and the evolutionary trend during different years in study area. Combined with the historical data and field survey, and integrated use the theory and methods of soil and water conservation, summing up years of experience in soil and water conservation, searching for ecological improvement factors in regional, compared to select a more suitable control measures of the soil erosion. It is order that provide useful information for more effective utilization of soil erosion, and provide references for control the soil erosion of demonstrated promote regions. Through the research, the main conclusions are as follows:
1. Through interpreting the four phrases’remote sensing images and field investigation in Huoshan County, to obtain the county's main current characteristics of soil erosion. At present, the total soil-erosion areas of the county is 804.28km~2, accounting for 39.40% of the total area of the county. Study area is slight erosion of the overall strength of the main erosion area of 681.96km~2, accounting for 33.40% of the total area of the county. Some area dominated by moderate erosion types.
2. The areas of soil erosion showed a decreasing trend in all County. Soil erosion intensity decreased obvious. Areas of soil erosion reduced from 1276.52km~2 to 804.28km~2 during 1979 to 2006, reduced 472.24 km~2 during 20 years, which is accounting for 23.13% the total area of the County. It indicated, the comprehensive management of soil erosion obtained remarkable results during 20 years in Huoshan County, and curbed the occurrence of soil erosion and development effectively. It improved significantly the ecological environment in the County.
3. The variation ruler of soil erosion in different periods is slight erosion mainly. Spatial variation in different levels of soil erosion intensity is significantly. Four typical periods of 1979,1994,2002 and 2006 showed the main types of soil erosion are mild, moderate and strength-erosion of soil erosion areas accounting for 97.83%, 96.55%, 95.26% and 84.20% of the total area respectively.
4. The variation ruler of soil erosion intensity in different periods is gradually reduced. It shows the higher intensity level erosion transform to the lower. Spatial variation in different levels of soil erosion intensity is significantly. However, the variation of the soil erosion intensity between area and spatial indicated is difference in different periods. The soil erosion areas’variation order in different of the periods is 2002~2006(13.03km~2)<1979~1994(316.96km~2) <1994~2002 (802.23km~2). It indicated that significant effects of soil erosion control, soil conservation work has proceeded smoothly in the period from 1994 to 2002 in Huoshan County.
5.Slight and moderate erosion is an integral part in Huoshan County, intense erosion followed. On the whole, it is no strong features erosion. At the same time, the distribution with different levels of soil erosion intensity has obvious spatial difference among them. The intense and extremely high erosions are distributed mainly in the regions where the activities of human production with the low-frequency coverage of vegetation or steep. Moderate erosion occurs mainly in rocky areas with the medium coverage of vegetation regions. Slight erosion mainly affected on the high coverage of vegetation areas by human activities in less effect, and reservoirs, channel on both sides of cultivated land, garden plot and the gentle slope area. It shows human activities and their methods with ground vegetation, slope and other conditions change is an important factor for affecting the soil erosion of region.
1.通过对霍山县四个时段的遥感影像的解译及实地调查,分析研究土壤侵蚀状况,获得全县的土壤侵蚀的主要现状特征:目前,全县土壤侵蚀总面积为804.28km~2,占全县总面积的39.40%。研究区域内土壤侵蚀强度整体上是以轻度侵蚀为主,侵蚀面积为681.96km~2,占全县总面积的33.40%,局部区域以中度侵蚀类型为主;
2.全县土壤侵蚀面积呈现减少趋势,土壤侵蚀强度明显降低。土壤侵蚀面积由1979的1276.52km~2减少到2006年的804.28km~2,20多年间减少了472.24 km~2,占全县总面积的23.13%。表明:20多年来霍山县的土壤侵蚀综合治理获得了明显成效,有效地遏制了土壤侵蚀的发生与发展,显著改善了全县的生态环境;
3.不同时期的土壤侵蚀变化规律是,以轻度侵蚀为主,不同级别土壤侵蚀强度空间变化差异显著,在1979、1994、2002和2006年四个典型时期,轻度、中度和强度侵蚀面积分别占土壤侵蚀总面积的97.83%、96.55%、95.26%和84.20%,为土壤侵蚀强度的主要类型;
4.不同时段土壤侵蚀强度变化规律是,土壤侵蚀呈现逐渐减少的趋势,表现为由较高强度级侵蚀向较低强度级侵蚀转化,不同等级的土壤侵蚀强度空间变化差异显著,但在不同时段土壤侵蚀强度的面积变化和空间变化有所不同,土壤侵蚀面积在不同时段的变化量排序依次为:2002～2006年(13.03km~2)<1979～1994年(316.96km~2)<1994～2002年(802.23km~2),表明:霍山县在1994～2002年期间的土壤侵蚀治理效果显著,水土保持工作进展顺利;
5.霍山县土壤侵蚀表现为以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,强度侵蚀次之,总体来看,无强剧烈侵蚀的特征。同时,不同等级的土壤侵蚀强度分布具有较明显的空间分异特征。其中,强度和极强度侵蚀则主要分布在人为生产活动频繁的低覆盖度植被区或陡坡区域;中度侵蚀主要发生在岩石区域的中覆盖度植被区;而轻度侵蚀主要分布在受人为活动影响较少的高覆盖度植被区,以及水库、沟道两侧耕地、园地和缓坡区域。说明人为活动方式及其引起的植被覆盖状况和地面坡度等地形因子状况的变化,是影响区域土壤侵蚀的重要因子。
This research utilizes the 3S technology, take the Huoshan County in Anhui Province as the study geographic area, take the TM(MSS) remote sensing phantom (including four periods about 1979, 1994, 2002 and 2006) as the main data sources. Taking a dynamic study about the soil erosion phenomenon in Huoshan County. Comparative analysis soil erosion and the evolutionary trend during different years in study area. Combined with the historical data and field survey, and integrated use the theory and methods of soil and water conservation, summing up years of experience in soil and water conservation, searching for ecological improvement factors in regional, compared to select a more suitable control measures of the soil erosion. It is order that provide useful information for more effective utilization of soil erosion, and provide references for control the soil erosion of demonstrated promote regions. Through the research, the main conclusions are as follows:
1. Through interpreting the four phrases’remote sensing images and field investigation in Huoshan County, to obtain the county's main current characteristics of soil erosion. At present, the total soil-erosion areas of the county is 804.28km~2, accounting for 39.40% of the total area of the county. Study area is slight erosion of the overall strength of the main erosion area of 681.96km~2, accounting for 33.40% of the total area of the county. Some area dominated by moderate erosion types.
2. The areas of soil erosion showed a decreasing trend in all County. Soil erosion intensity decreased obvious. Areas of soil erosion reduced from 1276.52km~2 to 804.28km~2 during 1979 to 2006, reduced 472.24 km~2 during 20 years, which is accounting for 23.13% the total area of the County. It indicated, the comprehensive management of soil erosion obtained remarkable results during 20 years in Huoshan County, and curbed the occurrence of soil erosion and development effectively. It improved significantly the ecological environment in the County.
3. The variation ruler of soil erosion in different periods is slight erosion mainly. Spatial variation in different levels of soil erosion intensity is significantly. Four typical periods of 1979,1994,2002 and 2006 showed the main types of soil erosion are mild, moderate and strength-erosion of soil erosion areas accounting for 97.83%, 96.55%, 95.26% and 84.20% of the total area respectively.
4. The variation ruler of soil erosion intensity in different periods is gradually reduced. It shows the higher intensity level erosion transform to the lower. Spatial variation in different levels of soil erosion intensity is significantly. However, the variation of the soil erosion intensity between area and spatial indicated is difference in different periods. The soil erosion areas’variation order in different of the periods is 2002~2006(13.03km~2)<1979~1994(316.96km~2) <1994~2002 (802.23km~2). It indicated that significant effects of soil erosion control, soil conservation work has proceeded smoothly in the period from 1994 to 2002 in Huoshan County.
5.Slight and moderate erosion is an integral part in Huoshan County, intense erosion followed. On the whole, it is no strong features erosion. At the same time, the distribution with different levels of soil erosion intensity has obvious spatial difference among them. The intense and extremely high erosions are distributed mainly in the regions where the activities of human production with the low-frequency coverage of vegetation or steep. Moderate erosion occurs mainly in rocky areas with the medium coverage of vegetation regions. Slight erosion mainly affected on the high coverage of vegetation areas by human activities in less effect, and reservoirs, channel on both sides of cultivated land, garden plot and the gentle slope area. It shows human activities and their methods with ground vegetation, slope and other conditions change is an important factor for affecting the soil erosion of region.
引文
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