变电站设计阶段造价管理方法与对策研究
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摘要
近年来拟建和在建的变电站项目较多,由于时间紧、任务重,很多项目都存在忽视工程造价控制的问题,尤其在对项目效益影响较大的设计阶段存在不少问题,与国外发达国家存在明显的差距。本文在介绍了设计阶段造价管理在国内外发展状况的基础上,详细阐述了设计阶段造价管理基本原理,分析了变电站设计阶段造价管理的原则、特点、内容以及方法,为下面详细阐述变电站设计阶段造价控制的理论做了很好的铺垫。接下来通过分析了限额设计原理、价值工程原理和典型设计在变电站建设方面的应用状况,提出了如何运用这些理论来提高变电站在设计阶段的造价控制,探索了在设计阶段造价控制的有效途径。同时指出变电站的设计阶段应该加强勘探,以此来加强控制工程的造价。此外,本文还分析了当前我国造价控制中除了对先进理论运用不深入,还在管理和体制改革过程中存在很多的问题,并从造价管理的管理意识、管理方法和监督机制等方面研究了如何通过引入科学合理的管理控制方法,以提升电力设计部门在变电站建设项目设计阶段的成本控制能力,以减少国家电力变电站建设项目投资中的资金和资源的浪费。最后,本文选取崇明岛陈家镇变电站作为研究对象,将造价控制的原理、方法以及机制运用到实例中进行研究,验证了其可行性。
In recent years, more and more substation projects are in proposed or construction. For the time is tight and the task is heavy, there are lots of phenomenon which neglecting the cost control of project, especially in the design stage which has a greater impact on the project benefits, there exists a gap with foreign developed countries. This article gives brief introduction of background of thesis and development of designing cost management at home and abroad, and we analyze the cost management in substation design principles, characteristics, content and methods, this gives a very good bedding For the following details of substation cost control theory in design stage. Then based on the analysis, we discuss the current application status in substation projects, this article Put forward how to use the theory to improve the substation in the cost control of design stage and explore the effective way in cost control of the design stage. We also pointed out that the design stage of substation exploration should be strengthened in order to strengthen the control of construction costs.Moreover, we also discuss that the current process of cost management theory is not thorough, have a lot of management and reform procession exist, and awareness from the cost management, methods and monitoring mechanisms and how to introduce the scientific and rational control methods to enhance the cost control ability in the design stage of substation construction project of the power design department. So we can reduce investment of funds and waste of resources in the national electricity substation construction project.Finally, we select the Chenjia town substation of Chongming Power Company as the research object, to verify the cost control principles, methods and mechanisms is feasibility.
In recent years, more and more substation projects are in proposed or construction. For the time is tight and the task is heavy, there are lots of phenomenon which neglecting the cost control of project, especially in the design stage which has a greater impact on the project benefits, there exists a gap with foreign developed countries. This article gives brief introduction of background of thesis and development of designing cost management at home and abroad, and we analyze the cost management in substation design principles, characteristics, content and methods, this gives a very good bedding For the following details of substation cost control theory in design stage. Then based on the analysis, we discuss the current application status in substation projects, this article Put forward how to use the theory to improve the substation in the cost control of design stage and explore the effective way in cost control of the design stage. We also pointed out that the design stage of substation exploration should be strengthened in order to strengthen the control of construction costs.Moreover, we also discuss that the current process of cost management theory is not thorough, have a lot of management and reform procession exist, and awareness from the cost management, methods and monitoring mechanisms and how to introduce the scientific and rational control methods to enhance the cost control ability in the design stage of substation construction project of the power design department. So we can reduce investment of funds and waste of resources in the national electricity substation construction project.Finally, we select the Chenjia town substation of Chongming Power Company as the research object, to verify the cost control principles, methods and mechanisms is feasibility.
引文
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[27]王里玲.浅谈设计阶段如何推行限额设计[J].广东科技,2006,(6)：46
[28]冯为民,王名晖.工程限额设计的合理实施[J].广西城镇建设,2006,(3)：51-53
[29]张国兴,胡绍兰.限额设计在建设项目设计阶段造价控制中的应用[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,1996,5(3)：45-49
[30]尹志,曹永强.论岩土工程过程控制[J].西北水电,2003(2)：63-64
[31]韩滨.设计单位如何进行限额设计[J].技术工程,2006(5)：13-16
[32]何胜文.浅谈建设工程设计阶段工程造价的控制[J].福建建筑,2006,99(3)：151-152
[33]雷捷茗.造价控制管理初探[J].广西电业,2010,34-35
[34]李卫华.电力工程设计阶段成本控制存在问题与对策[J].电力系统保护与控制,2004,(12)：99-101
[35]潘业斌,葛维平.电力施工工程项目成本控制探析[J].安徽电力,2007,24(1)：73-78
[36]黄亚梅,陈文清.论电力工程的造价控制[J].广东科技,2010,(14)：104
[37]梁跃清.输变电工程设计阶段造价控制的问题及对策[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(2)：23-28
[38]谭方.电力工程造价分析与控制措施[J].沿海企业与科技,2010,(4)：111-112
[39]李建民.电力工程造价控制分析[J].民警科技,2010,(2)：121
[40]麻馄.新形势下电力工程造价控制分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,(9)：124-125
[41]饶铮.浅论电力工程造价的管理[J].价值工程,2010,(19)：88-89
[42]李丹丹,盖钰,于龙.黑龙江科技信息[J].2009,(4)：197
[43]L.D.Miles.Techniques of value analysis and value engineering.New York.McGraw-Hill companies. Inc,1961
[44]E.A.Stallworthy.Developments in project cost control [J]. Engineering and Process Economics,March 1979:29-36
[45]刘剑波.浅析店里工程造价管理及对策[J].经营管理者,2010(23)：32-34
[46]Jan E.Activity based costing and Monte Carlo Mehtods to manage future costs and risks [J]. Engineering and Management,2003(5)
[47]杨杰.电力造价偏高的原因及对策分析[J].科技创新导报,2010.1：160-16
[48]吴育添.工程造价管理改革初探.中国工程咨询网,2004
[49]L.Lige S Engineering economics.1989
[50]Doyle R C.Risk analysis.Cost Management.Cost Engineering.1995
[2]林丽华.对设计阶段工程造价控制的几点思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003(09)
[3]Davenport J.E. Short Holistic Apraisal of value Engineering instruction in United States[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and management,1996:212-239
[4]Ayers,JamesB. Understanding Your Cost Drivers The Key to Discipline[J]. Research of Cost Management,1998:6-15
[5]Brown R E, Taylor T M. Modeling the Impact of Substations on Distribution Reliability [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1999,14(1):349-354
[6]陈启红.建设工程造价管理及控制措施研究[J].山西建筑,2010(23)：5-8
[7]CIGRE.Decision Making Process for Cost Effective and Reliable Distribution Substation Solutions[R],2007
[8]Erie.Alsene, International enhances and project management with enterprise [J].The International of Project Management,2008:77-84
[9]Emblen D. Competitive bidding for corporate securities. Ph. D. Columbia University, New York,1944
[10]郝红丽,王素军.工程造价管理的变迁[J].中国建设信息2005(10)
[11]Friedman L.Competitive-bidding strategy[J],Operations Research,1956
[12]Westney R.E.Total Cost management[J].AACE-I vision for growth,Cost Engineering,1992(10):541-548
[13]Richard Engelbrecht-Wiggans. The effect of regret on optimal biding in auctions [J]. Management Sciences,1989, (9):59-65.
[14]Myerson R, M Swatterthwaite. Efficient mechanisms of bilateral trading [J]. Journal of Economic Theory,1983,(2):121-154.
[15]Chatterjee K, W. Samuelson. Bargaining under incomplete information [J]. operations Researeh,1983
[16]Hanssman F, Rivett BHP. Competitive bidding [J]. Operational Research Quarterly 1959
[17]周明.浅议建设项目造价控制[J].成本管理,2004,(08)：10-11
[18]刘允延.电力建设工程项目成本管理[J].技术经济,2003(10)：68-71
[19]Morin TL, Clough RH.OPBID. Competitive bidding strategy model[J]. Journal of the Construction Division,1969
[20]付晓灵.投标人失信行为的经济分析[J].武汉化工学院学报,2004,26(2)：94-96
[21]杨岑,彭盈,陈玉水.招投标中的博弈分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2006,32(5)：221-223
[22]袁淑芳.建设工程招标投标管理制度缺陷及对策研究[D].合肥工业大学,2008
[23]陈远友.简述电力工程造价管理与控制[J].广西电业,2010(2)：34-35
[24]Kirk S J. Intergreating value engineering into the design process[J].Optimization of Infrastructure,1999(6):12-14
[25]丁彩莲.浅议设计阶段及限额设计对工程造价的控制[J].建设科技,2002,(3)：24-26
[26]吴仲兵,吴刚.设计阶段投资控制中限额设计总值分配方法的探讨[J].中国勘测设计,2004(10)：13-15
[27]王里玲.浅谈设计阶段如何推行限额设计[J].广东科技,2006,(6)：46
[28]冯为民,王名晖.工程限额设计的合理实施[J].广西城镇建设,2006,(3)：51-53
[29]张国兴,胡绍兰.限额设计在建设项目设计阶段造价控制中的应用[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,1996,5(3)：45-49
[30]尹志,曹永强.论岩土工程过程控制[J].西北水电,2003(2)：63-64
[31]韩滨.设计单位如何进行限额设计[J].技术工程,2006(5)：13-16
[32]何胜文.浅谈建设工程设计阶段工程造价的控制[J].福建建筑,2006,99(3)：151-152
[33]雷捷茗.造价控制管理初探[J].广西电业,2010,34-35
[34]李卫华.电力工程设计阶段成本控制存在问题与对策[J].电力系统保护与控制,2004,(12)：99-101
[35]潘业斌,葛维平.电力施工工程项目成本控制探析[J].安徽电力,2007,24(1)：73-78
[36]黄亚梅,陈文清.论电力工程的造价控制[J].广东科技,2010,(14)：104
[37]梁跃清.输变电工程设计阶段造价控制的问题及对策[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(2)：23-28
[38]谭方.电力工程造价分析与控制措施[J].沿海企业与科技,2010,(4)：111-112
[39]李建民.电力工程造价控制分析[J].民警科技,2010,(2)：121
[40]麻馄.新形势下电力工程造价控制分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,(9)：124-125
[41]饶铮.浅论电力工程造价的管理[J].价值工程,2010,(19)：88-89
[42]李丹丹,盖钰,于龙.黑龙江科技信息[J].2009,(4)：197
[43]L.D.Miles.Techniques of value analysis and value engineering.New York.McGraw-Hill companies. Inc,1961
[44]E.A.Stallworthy.Developments in project cost control [J]. Engineering and Process Economics,March 1979:29-36
[45]刘剑波.浅析店里工程造价管理及对策[J].经营管理者,2010(23)：32-34
[46]Jan E.Activity based costing and Monte Carlo Mehtods to manage future costs and risks [J]. Engineering and Management,2003(5)
[47]杨杰.电力造价偏高的原因及对策分析[J].科技创新导报,2010.1：160-16
[48]吴育添.工程造价管理改革初探.中国工程咨询网,2004
[49]L.Lige S Engineering economics.1989
[50]Doyle R C.Risk analysis.Cost Management.Cost Engineering.1995