船体线型优化设计方法及最小阻力船型研究
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摘要
在满足一定的装载和布置要求条件下,船体最佳线型的确定是船舶设计过程中既繁复而又关键的设计技术之一,因为它直接影响到船舶快速性(阻力和推进)、操纵性和耐波性等重要性能。而最小阻力船体线型的确定又是船舶设计者首先要追求的目标。以往的船舶线型设计,主要是通过参考成功的母型船、依据设计者的经验和进行船模试验来完成,这要花费大量的时间和费用,而且具有很大的局限性。随着船舶流体力学理论的不断进步,计算机技术的飞跃发展,基于流体力学理论的船体线型最优化设计已经被欧美、日本、韩国等造船技术先进的国家用于实际的船型设计中,而我国目前的船舶设计部门仍主要采用传统的经验设计法来进行船体线型设计。当今,我国的造船能力已居世界前列,但船舶设计和建造技术却存在较大差距。为了提高我国造船业在国际市场的竞争力,提高我国造船企业的新船型开发能力,迫切需要研究快速生成阻力性能优良的船体线型最优化设计方法,开发具有自主知识产权的船体线型最优化设计软件。
监于以上的迫切要求,本文研究的目的是探讨快速生成阻力性能优良的船体线型最优化设计方法,开发自主知识产权的船体线型最优化设计软件。优化设计对象不仅局限于船体首部和前半体,还包括后半体在内的船体水线下整体形状。为此,本文以数值计算功能强大的Fortran语言为设计平台、以Tecplot为程序的后处理软件、以CAD为显示工具,把势流兴波理论、粘性理论、最优化技术和CAD技术有机结合,研究船体线型最优化设计方法及开发船体线型最优化设计程序。在优化计算过程中把降低兴波阻力作为主要目标,兴波阻力分别采用Michell积分法和数值计算精度较好的Rankine源法来计算,同时考虑尾部粘性分离的影响,利用简易湍流分离判断式来确定改良船型粘性阻力的变化,设计船的船体型值利用母型船型值和船型修改函数来表达。最优化计算方法分别采用在船型优化中应用较为成熟的传统优化方法(非线性规划法)和智能优化方法(基本遗传算法和小生境遗传算法)。其研究成果对船体线型理论设计法是一项新贡献,可为船舶设计及航运部门提供优化船体形状的理论基础和技术支持,可以期待产生较大的经济效益,提高我国造船业在国际市场中的竞争力。
Under specified requirements of deadweight as well as design condition,the procedure of determining the optimal hull from which involves some important properties such as rapidity,maneuverability and seakeeping is very important but also complicated.The designer's first priority is to determining the hull form with the least resistance.The methods used currently which involve the reference of the basic ship,the experience of designer and ship model trial not only take much time and cost but also are restricted.As the development of hydromechanics and the computer science,the optimized design method of ship lines based on the theory of hydromechanics has gradually become practical.The new technology has been used in production by Korea,Japan and other European countries while the traditional method based on the designer's experience is mainly used in China.Nowadays, though China's production capacity is in the front ranks of the world,the technology we used lags behind.It is urgent to research the optimal method which could rapidly produce ship lines with the least resistance and develop our own software of ship lines optimal design to improve our competitiveness in world market and the research productivity in our shipbuilding enterprises.
Due to the urgent requirement stated above,The article is dedicated to investigate the method which could rapidly produce ship lines with the least resistance and to develop our own software of ship lines optimal design.The objects optimized include stem,forward bow and the hull form under the waterline at aft stem The article chooses Fortran as programming language,Tecplot as the software of post processing,AutoCad as the display tool,using the combination of potential flow,viscosity theory and optimization techniques as well as CAD, to develop the software of ship lines optimal design.The reduction of the wave-making resistance is the main purpose in procedure of optimal calculation.Considering the effect of viscosity separation at stem,the wave-making resistance is calculated using Michell integral method and Rankine method and combined viscosity separation to evaluate the increase of viscosity resistance.The offsets are expressed by the offsets of basic ship and hull form modification function.The article chooses the traditional optimal method-nonlinear programming method and intelligent optimal method-genetic algorithm(including simple genetic algorithm and niche genetic algorithm) as the major optimal methods.The article is new development of ship lines optimal method,providing the theory foundation and technical support of hull form optimization for ship design and shipping sector to achieve economic benefit and improve the competitiveness our shipbuilding enterprises in world market.
监于以上的迫切要求,本文研究的目的是探讨快速生成阻力性能优良的船体线型最优化设计方法,开发自主知识产权的船体线型最优化设计软件。优化设计对象不仅局限于船体首部和前半体,还包括后半体在内的船体水线下整体形状。为此,本文以数值计算功能强大的Fortran语言为设计平台、以Tecplot为程序的后处理软件、以CAD为显示工具,把势流兴波理论、粘性理论、最优化技术和CAD技术有机结合,研究船体线型最优化设计方法及开发船体线型最优化设计程序。在优化计算过程中把降低兴波阻力作为主要目标,兴波阻力分别采用Michell积分法和数值计算精度较好的Rankine源法来计算,同时考虑尾部粘性分离的影响,利用简易湍流分离判断式来确定改良船型粘性阻力的变化,设计船的船体型值利用母型船型值和船型修改函数来表达。最优化计算方法分别采用在船型优化中应用较为成熟的传统优化方法(非线性规划法)和智能优化方法(基本遗传算法和小生境遗传算法)。其研究成果对船体线型理论设计法是一项新贡献,可为船舶设计及航运部门提供优化船体形状的理论基础和技术支持,可以期待产生较大的经济效益,提高我国造船业在国际市场中的竞争力。
Under specified requirements of deadweight as well as design condition,the procedure of determining the optimal hull from which involves some important properties such as rapidity,maneuverability and seakeeping is very important but also complicated.The designer's first priority is to determining the hull form with the least resistance.The methods used currently which involve the reference of the basic ship,the experience of designer and ship model trial not only take much time and cost but also are restricted.As the development of hydromechanics and the computer science,the optimized design method of ship lines based on the theory of hydromechanics has gradually become practical.The new technology has been used in production by Korea,Japan and other European countries while the traditional method based on the designer's experience is mainly used in China.Nowadays, though China's production capacity is in the front ranks of the world,the technology we used lags behind.It is urgent to research the optimal method which could rapidly produce ship lines with the least resistance and develop our own software of ship lines optimal design to improve our competitiveness in world market and the research productivity in our shipbuilding enterprises.
Due to the urgent requirement stated above,The article is dedicated to investigate the method which could rapidly produce ship lines with the least resistance and to develop our own software of ship lines optimal design.The objects optimized include stem,forward bow and the hull form under the waterline at aft stem The article chooses Fortran as programming language,Tecplot as the software of post processing,AutoCad as the display tool,using the combination of potential flow,viscosity theory and optimization techniques as well as CAD, to develop the software of ship lines optimal design.The reduction of the wave-making resistance is the main purpose in procedure of optimal calculation.Considering the effect of viscosity separation at stem,the wave-making resistance is calculated using Michell integral method and Rankine method and combined viscosity separation to evaluate the increase of viscosity resistance.The offsets are expressed by the offsets of basic ship and hull form modification function.The article chooses the traditional optimal method-nonlinear programming method and intelligent optimal method-genetic algorithm(including simple genetic algorithm and niche genetic algorithm) as the major optimal methods.The article is new development of ship lines optimal method,providing the theory foundation and technical support of hull form optimization for ship design and shipping sector to achieve economic benefit and improve the competitiveness our shipbuilding enterprises in world market.
引文
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