一种扩展Petri网模型及应用研究
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摘要
在离散控制系统中，如自动制造系统，通信系统和计算机网络系统，都有许
多没有解决的问题。它们的控制系统的设计是一件花费高，耗时的，棘手的和烦
人的工作。控制系统需求的多变更增加程序设计的难度，因此急需一套有效可靠
控制系统软件设计和调试理论。本文提出基于Petri网的CtrlPN，DPN和CDPN理
论,研究基于工业控制计算机和可编程序逻辑控制器的控制系统的CDPN模型控
制程序自动生成理论和方法，并着重论述了CtrlPN，DPN和CDPN理论的提出和
工程实例立体停车库系统的CDPN建模和分析。文中还论述CDPN理论的可达树
构造算法和基于S—不变式的CDPN分析。最后文中给出基于CDPN的控制系统
控制程序自动生成的方法。
作者对以上方面的内容作了一系列深入的研究，初步探讨了CDPN的行为特
性和结构特性，并成功完成用CDPN对一个较为复杂的工程实例的建模。同时对
基于CDPN理论的控制系统的控制模型的控制程序的自动生成作了一些初步的偿
试，并在该方面获得一定的经验。
In the control of discrete event systems, such as automated
manufacturing
systems, communication systems, and computer network systems,
there have been
many open problems to be solved. The design of their control
systems is a costly,
time-consuming, troublesome, and boring task. The requirement of
control system
specification constantly and diversly changes which results in
the increasing
complexity of programming and debugging, so a valid and reliable
niethodology of
software designing and debugging is expected urgently. In this
paper Petri Nets
based CtrIPN, DPN and CDPN theory is presented, and the industry
control
computers and programmable logic controllers based control system
theory and
way of program generation from CDPN are investigated. The
emphasis is put on
the discussion of CtrIPN, DPN and CDPN. The CDPN modeling and
analysis are
applie(l to an engineering example, a circular and mechanical
car-house developed
by our research group. The construction algorithm for the
reachable marking
graph of CDPN and S-invariant based CDPN analysis methods are
also proposed.
Finally, the methods of automatic code generation from CDPN based
control
system are briefly given.
The author devotes himself to make some investigations deeply on
the theory
mentioned above, and probes into the behavior and structure
properties of CDPN.
With CDPN, modeling a more complex engineering example is
completed
successfully. Finally, the feasibility and possibility of
automatic code generation are
presented for the CDPN modeling based control systems.
多没有解决的问题。它们的控制系统的设计是一件花费高，耗时的，棘手的和烦
人的工作。控制系统需求的多变更增加程序设计的难度，因此急需一套有效可靠
控制系统软件设计和调试理论。本文提出基于Petri网的CtrlPN，DPN和CDPN理
论,研究基于工业控制计算机和可编程序逻辑控制器的控制系统的CDPN模型控
制程序自动生成理论和方法，并着重论述了CtrlPN，DPN和CDPN理论的提出和
工程实例立体停车库系统的CDPN建模和分析。文中还论述CDPN理论的可达树
构造算法和基于S—不变式的CDPN分析。最后文中给出基于CDPN的控制系统
控制程序自动生成的方法。
作者对以上方面的内容作了一系列深入的研究，初步探讨了CDPN的行为特
性和结构特性，并成功完成用CDPN对一个较为复杂的工程实例的建模。同时对
基于CDPN理论的控制系统的控制模型的控制程序的自动生成作了一些初步的偿
试，并在该方面获得一定的经验。
In the control of discrete event systems, such as automated
manufacturing
systems, communication systems, and computer network systems,
there have been
many open problems to be solved. The design of their control
systems is a costly,
time-consuming, troublesome, and boring task. The requirement of
control system
specification constantly and diversly changes which results in
the increasing
complexity of programming and debugging, so a valid and reliable
niethodology of
software designing and debugging is expected urgently. In this
paper Petri Nets
based CtrIPN, DPN and CDPN theory is presented, and the industry
control
computers and programmable logic controllers based control system
theory and
way of program generation from CDPN are investigated. The
emphasis is put on
the discussion of CtrIPN, DPN and CDPN. The CDPN modeling and
analysis are
applie(l to an engineering example, a circular and mechanical
car-house developed
by our research group. The construction algorithm for the
reachable marking
graph of CDPN and S-invariant based CDPN analysis methods are
also proposed.
Finally, the methods of automatic code generation from CDPN based
control
system are briefly given.
The author devotes himself to make some investigations deeply on
the theory
mentioned above, and probes into the behavior and structure
properties of CDPN.
With CDPN, modeling a more complex engineering example is
completed
successfully. Finally, the feasibility and possibility of
automatic code generation are
presented for the CDPN modeling based control systems.
引文
[1] . M. C. Zhou and M. D. Jeng, Modeling, Analysis, Simulation, Scheduling, and Control of Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems: A Petri Net Approach, IEEE Trans. on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol.11, No. 3,1998, pp.333-357
[2] . M. D. Jeng, X. Xie and S. W. Chou, Modeling, Qualitative Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of the Etching Area in an IC Wafer Fabrication System Using Petri Nets, IEEE Trans, on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol.11, No.3, 1998, pp.358-373
[3] . D. W. Pessen, Ladder-diagram Design for Programmable Logic Controllers, Automatica, Vol.25, No., 3,1989, pp.407-412
[4] . R. Devanathn, Computer Aided Design of Relay Ladder Diagram from Functional Specification, in Proc.IECON'90,Vol.1,1990, pp.527-532
[5] . J.K.Chaar, R.A.Volz, E.S.Davidson, An Integrated Approach to Developing Manufacturing Control Software, in Proc. of the 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1991, pp. 1979-1984
[6] . J. Lilius and P. O. Stergard, On the Verification of PLC Programs,12th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets,1991
[7] . M.Hasegawa, M.Takata, T.Temmyo, and H.Matsuka, Modeling of Exception Handling in Manufacturing Cell Control and its Applications to PLC Programming, in Proc. of the 1990 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Vol.1,1990, pp.524-519
[8] . http://www.odn.ne.jp/.
[9] . L.Ferrarini, M.Narduzzi, M.Tassan-Solet, A New Approach to Modular Liveness Analysis Conceived for Large Logic Controllers' Design, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, Vol.10, No.2,1994, pp.169-184
[10] .M. P. Fanti, B. Maione, G.Piscitelli, B. Turchiano, System Approach to Design Generic Software for Real-Time Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,Vol.26,No.2,1996,pp.190-202
[11] .M. C. Zhou and E. Twiss, Discrete Event Control Design Methods: A Review, in 13th IFAC World Congress, Preprints,Vol.9, San Francisco, CA,July,1996, pp.401-409
[12] . M. C. Zhou, Design of Industrial Automated System Via Relay Ladder Logic Programming and Petri Nets. IEEE Trans, on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol.28, No.1, 1998, PP.137-150
[13] . Klaus Feldmann, et al., Specification, Design, and implementation of Logic Controllers Based on Colored Petri Net Models and Standard IEC 1131 Part I Specification and Design, IEEE Trans. On Control Systems Technology, Vol.7, No.6, 1999, pp.657-665
[14] . Klaus Feldmann, et al., Specification, Design, and implementation of Logic Controllers Based on Colored Petri Net Models and Standard IEC 1131 Part II Design and Implementation, IEEE Trans. On Control Systems Technology, Vol.7, No.6, 1999, pp.666-674
[15] . M. Adamou, A. Bourljault, and S. Zerhouni, "Modelling and control of flexible manufacturing assembly systems using object oriented Petri nets," in Proc IEEE Int. Workshop on Emerging Technol. and Factory Automation, Palm-Cove, Cairns, Australia, 1993, pp. 164-168．
[16] . S. Amar, E. Craye, and J-C. Gentina, "A method for hierarchical specification and prototyping of flexible manufacturing systems," in Proc IEEE Int. Workshop on Emerging Technol. and Factory Automation, Melbourne, Australia, 1992, pp. 44-59．
[17] . R. Bastide and C. Silbertin-Blanc, "Modelling of flexible manufacturing system by means of cooperative object," in Computer Applications in Production and Engineering, G. Doumeingts, J. Browne, M. Tomljanovich, Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991, pp. 593-600．
[18] . L. Ferrini, "An incremental approach to logic controller design with Petri nets," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man. and Cybern., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 461-473,1992．
[19] . M. A. Jafari, "An architecture for a shop-floor controller using colored Petri nets," Int. J. Flexible Mfg. Syst., vol. 4, pp. 159-181,1992．
[20] . A. Nketsa and M. Courvoisier, "A Petri net based single chip programmable controller for distributed local controls," in Proc. IECON'90, 1900, vol. 1, pp. 542-547．
[21] . Ramadge P J. and Wonham W M. Modular Feedback Control Logic for Discrete Event Systems. SIAM J. Control and Optimization, 1987, 25(2) : 1202-1218．
[22] . Ramadge P J. and Wonham W M. The Control of Discrete Event Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989, 77(1) : 81-89．
[23] . K. Venkatesh, M. C. Zhou and R. Caudill, "Comparing ladder logic diagrams and Petri Nets for sequence controller design through a discrete manufacturing system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 41, pp. 611-619, Dec. 1994．
[24] . K. Venkatesh and M. Ilyas, Real-time Petri Nets for modelling, controlling, and simulation of logical area networks in flexible manufacturing system. Computers ind. Engng. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.147-162,1995．
[25] . Giorgio Bruno and Giuseppe Marchetto, Process-translatable Petri Nets for the rapid prototyping of process control systems, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. SE-12, February 1996．
[26] . Agustin Rullan and Ph. D., Programmable logic controllers versus personal computers for process control, Computers ind. Engng. Vol. 33, No. 1-2, pp. 421-424, 1997．
[27] . http://www.daimi.au.dk/~petrinet/
[28] ．W．Reisig 著，Petri Nets：An Introduction，Springer-Verlag，1985． 胡俊，李维， 姚淑珍，谢佩君，白菊平译，杨文龙校，Petri网导论，北京航空航天大学计算机科 学系，1989．
[29] ．J．L．Peterson 著，Petri Net Theory and the Modelling of Systems，1981． 吴哲 辉译，Petri网理论与系统模拟，中国矿业大学出版社，1989．
[30] ．姚淑珍，杨文龙，PETRI网原理与应用，北京航空航天大学计算机科学系， 1989．
[31] ． 《第五届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，东南大学学报，增刊，1999．
[32] ．《第六届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，西北大学学报，增刊，1999．
[33] ．《第七届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，计算机科学，增刊，1999．
[34] ．袁崇义著，Petri网原理，电子工业出版社：北京，1998．
[35] ．吴哲辉，有界Petri网的活性和公平性的分析与实现，计算机学报，Vol．19，No．4， 1989．
[36] . Kurt Lautenbach and Hanno Ridder, The Linear Algebra of Deadlock Avoidance-A Petri Net Approach, Research Report at Institute of Computer Science, University of Koblenz, Germany, 1996
[37] . Kurt Lautenbach and Hanno Ridder, Liveness in Bounded Petri Nets which are Covered by T-invariants. In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp.358-375
[38] Marian V. Iordache et al., A Method for Deadlock Prevention in Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets, Technical Report at the ISIS group ISIS-98-006, University of Notre Dane, U.S.A., 1998
[39] Feng Chu and Xie Xiaolan, Deadlock Analysis of Petri Nets Using Siphons and Mathematical Programming, IEEE Transaction on Robotica and Automation, Vol.13, No.6,1997, pp.793-804
[40] ．J．Ezpeleta and J．M．Colom，A Petri Nets Based Deadlock Prevention Policy in Flexible Manufacturing Systems， IEEE Transaction on Robotica and Auto．mation，Vol．13，No．1，1995，pp．173-184
[41] ．J．Esparza and M．Silva，A Polynomial-time Algorithm to Decide Liveness of Bounded Free Chioce Nets，Theoritical Computer Science，102，1992，pp．185-205
[42] ．温文栋，陶晓峰，郝林，于振华，王安荣，PETRI 网工具 APNT 用户手册，西安 电子科技大学机电工程学院自动化系，2000．
[43] ．杨文龙，姚淑珍，谢佩君，任爱华，基于 Petri 网的并发软件开发方法及其支 持工具的研究(部分成果与论文集)，科学技术文献出版社，1993．
[44] ．陶晓峰，李志武，李在贵，立体停车库控制系统研制报告．西安电子科技大学 机电工程学院，1999．
[2] . M. D. Jeng, X. Xie and S. W. Chou, Modeling, Qualitative Analysis, and Performance Evaluation of the Etching Area in an IC Wafer Fabrication System Using Petri Nets, IEEE Trans, on Semiconductor Manufacturing, Vol.11, No.3, 1998, pp.358-373
[3] . D. W. Pessen, Ladder-diagram Design for Programmable Logic Controllers, Automatica, Vol.25, No., 3,1989, pp.407-412
[4] . R. Devanathn, Computer Aided Design of Relay Ladder Diagram from Functional Specification, in Proc.IECON'90,Vol.1,1990, pp.527-532
[5] . J.K.Chaar, R.A.Volz, E.S.Davidson, An Integrated Approach to Developing Manufacturing Control Software, in Proc. of the 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1991, pp. 1979-1984
[6] . J. Lilius and P. O. Stergard, On the Verification of PLC Programs,12th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets,1991
[7] . M.Hasegawa, M.Takata, T.Temmyo, and H.Matsuka, Modeling of Exception Handling in Manufacturing Cell Control and its Applications to PLC Programming, in Proc. of the 1990 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Vol.1,1990, pp.524-519
[8] . http://www.odn.ne.jp/.
[9] . L.Ferrarini, M.Narduzzi, M.Tassan-Solet, A New Approach to Modular Liveness Analysis Conceived for Large Logic Controllers' Design, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, Vol.10, No.2,1994, pp.169-184
[10] .M. P. Fanti, B. Maione, G.Piscitelli, B. Turchiano, System Approach to Design Generic Software for Real-Time Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,Vol.26,No.2,1996,pp.190-202
[11] .M. C. Zhou and E. Twiss, Discrete Event Control Design Methods: A Review, in 13th IFAC World Congress, Preprints,Vol.9, San Francisco, CA,July,1996, pp.401-409
[12] . M. C. Zhou, Design of Industrial Automated System Via Relay Ladder Logic Programming and Petri Nets. IEEE Trans, on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol.28, No.1, 1998, PP.137-150
[13] . Klaus Feldmann, et al., Specification, Design, and implementation of Logic Controllers Based on Colored Petri Net Models and Standard IEC 1131 Part I Specification and Design, IEEE Trans. On Control Systems Technology, Vol.7, No.6, 1999, pp.657-665
[14] . Klaus Feldmann, et al., Specification, Design, and implementation of Logic Controllers Based on Colored Petri Net Models and Standard IEC 1131 Part II Design and Implementation, IEEE Trans. On Control Systems Technology, Vol.7, No.6, 1999, pp.666-674
[15] . M. Adamou, A. Bourljault, and S. Zerhouni, "Modelling and control of flexible manufacturing assembly systems using object oriented Petri nets," in Proc IEEE Int. Workshop on Emerging Technol. and Factory Automation, Palm-Cove, Cairns, Australia, 1993, pp. 164-168．
[16] . S. Amar, E. Craye, and J-C. Gentina, "A method for hierarchical specification and prototyping of flexible manufacturing systems," in Proc IEEE Int. Workshop on Emerging Technol. and Factory Automation, Melbourne, Australia, 1992, pp. 44-59．
[17] . R. Bastide and C. Silbertin-Blanc, "Modelling of flexible manufacturing system by means of cooperative object," in Computer Applications in Production and Engineering, G. Doumeingts, J. Browne, M. Tomljanovich, Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991, pp. 593-600．
[18] . L. Ferrini, "An incremental approach to logic controller design with Petri nets," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man. and Cybern., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 461-473,1992．
[19] . M. A. Jafari, "An architecture for a shop-floor controller using colored Petri nets," Int. J. Flexible Mfg. Syst., vol. 4, pp. 159-181,1992．
[20] . A. Nketsa and M. Courvoisier, "A Petri net based single chip programmable controller for distributed local controls," in Proc. IECON'90, 1900, vol. 1, pp. 542-547．
[21] . Ramadge P J. and Wonham W M. Modular Feedback Control Logic for Discrete Event Systems. SIAM J. Control and Optimization, 1987, 25(2) : 1202-1218．
[22] . Ramadge P J. and Wonham W M. The Control of Discrete Event Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1989, 77(1) : 81-89．
[23] . K. Venkatesh, M. C. Zhou and R. Caudill, "Comparing ladder logic diagrams and Petri Nets for sequence controller design through a discrete manufacturing system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 41, pp. 611-619, Dec. 1994．
[24] . K. Venkatesh and M. Ilyas, Real-time Petri Nets for modelling, controlling, and simulation of logical area networks in flexible manufacturing system. Computers ind. Engng. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.147-162,1995．
[25] . Giorgio Bruno and Giuseppe Marchetto, Process-translatable Petri Nets for the rapid prototyping of process control systems, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. SE-12, February 1996．
[26] . Agustin Rullan and Ph. D., Programmable logic controllers versus personal computers for process control, Computers ind. Engng. Vol. 33, No. 1-2, pp. 421-424, 1997．
[27] . http://www.daimi.au.dk/~petrinet/
[28] ．W．Reisig 著，Petri Nets：An Introduction，Springer-Verlag，1985． 胡俊，李维， 姚淑珍，谢佩君，白菊平译，杨文龙校，Petri网导论，北京航空航天大学计算机科 学系，1989．
[29] ．J．L．Peterson 著，Petri Net Theory and the Modelling of Systems，1981． 吴哲 辉译，Petri网理论与系统模拟，中国矿业大学出版社，1989．
[30] ．姚淑珍，杨文龙，PETRI网原理与应用，北京航空航天大学计算机科学系， 1989．
[31] ． 《第五届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，东南大学学报，增刊，1999．
[32] ．《第六届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，西北大学学报，增刊，1999．
[33] ．《第七届全国Petri网学术会议论文集》，计算机科学，增刊，1999．
[34] ．袁崇义著，Petri网原理，电子工业出版社：北京，1998．
[35] ．吴哲辉，有界Petri网的活性和公平性的分析与实现，计算机学报，Vol．19，No．4， 1989．
[36] . Kurt Lautenbach and Hanno Ridder, The Linear Algebra of Deadlock Avoidance-A Petri Net Approach, Research Report at Institute of Computer Science, University of Koblenz, Germany, 1996
[37] . Kurt Lautenbach and Hanno Ridder, Liveness in Bounded Petri Nets which are Covered by T-invariants. In Applications and Theory of Petri Nets, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp.358-375
[38] Marian V. Iordache et al., A Method for Deadlock Prevention in Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets, Technical Report at the ISIS group ISIS-98-006, University of Notre Dane, U.S.A., 1998
[39] Feng Chu and Xie Xiaolan, Deadlock Analysis of Petri Nets Using Siphons and Mathematical Programming, IEEE Transaction on Robotica and Automation, Vol.13, No.6,1997, pp.793-804
[40] ．J．Ezpeleta and J．M．Colom，A Petri Nets Based Deadlock Prevention Policy in Flexible Manufacturing Systems， IEEE Transaction on Robotica and Auto．mation，Vol．13，No．1，1995，pp．173-184
[41] ．J．Esparza and M．Silva，A Polynomial-time Algorithm to Decide Liveness of Bounded Free Chioce Nets，Theoritical Computer Science，102，1992，pp．185-205
[42] ．温文栋，陶晓峰，郝林，于振华，王安荣，PETRI 网工具 APNT 用户手册，西安 电子科技大学机电工程学院自动化系，2000．
[43] ．杨文龙，姚淑珍，谢佩君，任爱华，基于 Petri 网的并发软件开发方法及其支 持工具的研究(部分成果与论文集)，科学技术文献出版社，1993．
[44] ．陶晓峰，李志武，李在贵，立体停车库控制系统研制报告．西安电子科技大学 机电工程学院，1999．