基于GPS和GIS的汽车导航系统相关技术的研究
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摘要
本论文的研究工作主要是将GIS技术引进汽车导航系统，使汽车导航系统除具备一般的定位功能外，利用GIS强大的空间分析能力，可以提供实时显示汽车位置、信息查询和提示及路径规划等功能，起到了有效避让交通拥挤，保障交通安全，快速查找目的地位置的效果。
本文按照汽车导航系统的开发流程，逐步提出所涉及的关键技术并提出相关解决方案。探讨了GIS电子地图的数据组织；基于点边拓扑关系的最优路径的搜索；GPS数据处理和接口技术；及采用ComGIS开发模式开发导航地图软件的程序实现等相关内容。
对路径规划和车位显示问题进行了重点研究和设计。研究基于GIS的最优路径搜索算法，对GIS关系表的结构提出了信息完备性的要求。良好的表结构可减少交通网络的方向性、转向约束、权值约束等给最佳路径搜索带来的复杂性。不同系统的最短路径问题只需用可视化方法修改相应数据表中存储的拓扑数据，而算法的求解过程保持不变。并考虑了实时交通信息的变化对交通网络拓扑关系和最优路径搜索的影响。在探讨汽车定位时阐述了GPS／DGPS定位技术；如何将GPS／DGPS提供的定位信息输入计算机；GPS接收机与计算机以及与导航软件的接口问题；利用GPS／DGPS提供的定位信息，经坐标变换并采用地图匹配技术将车位准确地显示在道路上。
最后开发了实验系统，相关算法原理和关键技术得到了正确性验证。
Introduce the navigation system of automobile in application that the research work of this thesis lays particular emphasis on GIS technology mainly, Make the navigation system of automobile utilize GIS strong space and analyse ability besides possessing the general localization function, Can help the driver to show and inquire about and briefed on and choose etc. in the optimum route the automobile position, information in real time , It gets up and finish arriving and avoid traffic jam of letting effectively it ensures traffic safety look for purpose result who status put fast.
This text puts forward the key technology involved and put forward the relevant solution progressively according to developping the order of the electronic map system of figure. It probe into organize at what has been lasted map GIS datas, From ones not topological for the the relation one for optimum the searches of the routes , GPS between data processing and interface technology, adopt ComGIS develop mode develop and navigate map the implementation technique relevant content s of software
And the parking stall show that carries on key research and designed in question to plan the route. It studies based on GIS optimum routeses search for algorithm propose information the requests of completeness to GIS relation the structures of form. Good form structure reducible traffic the directionality, turn to , right value finish retraining and search for the complexity brought restraint to the best route s of networks. A different and systematic one hold up foot-path need with visual to take method store topological data by modification corresponding data lists only by issue most,
Algorithm ask and solve course keep and become..
The influence searched for to the topological relation of network of the traffic and optimum route in change of the real-time traffic information that and has considered. In probing into automobile explain GPS/DGPS make a reservation technology, how import to the computer localization information who GPS/DGPS offer when making a reservation, GPS receiving set and computer and navigate the interface problems of the software; The localization information utilizing GPS/DGPS to offer, is vary and adopted the map to match technology and show the parking stall on the road accurately by the coordinate. Having developed the experimental system at last, relevant algorithm principle and key technology got exactness verification.
本文按照汽车导航系统的开发流程，逐步提出所涉及的关键技术并提出相关解决方案。探讨了GIS电子地图的数据组织；基于点边拓扑关系的最优路径的搜索；GPS数据处理和接口技术；及采用ComGIS开发模式开发导航地图软件的程序实现等相关内容。
对路径规划和车位显示问题进行了重点研究和设计。研究基于GIS的最优路径搜索算法，对GIS关系表的结构提出了信息完备性的要求。良好的表结构可减少交通网络的方向性、转向约束、权值约束等给最佳路径搜索带来的复杂性。不同系统的最短路径问题只需用可视化方法修改相应数据表中存储的拓扑数据，而算法的求解过程保持不变。并考虑了实时交通信息的变化对交通网络拓扑关系和最优路径搜索的影响。在探讨汽车定位时阐述了GPS／DGPS定位技术；如何将GPS／DGPS提供的定位信息输入计算机；GPS接收机与计算机以及与导航软件的接口问题；利用GPS／DGPS提供的定位信息，经坐标变换并采用地图匹配技术将车位准确地显示在道路上。
最后开发了实验系统，相关算法原理和关键技术得到了正确性验证。
Introduce the navigation system of automobile in application that the research work of this thesis lays particular emphasis on GIS technology mainly, Make the navigation system of automobile utilize GIS strong space and analyse ability besides possessing the general localization function, Can help the driver to show and inquire about and briefed on and choose etc. in the optimum route the automobile position, information in real time , It gets up and finish arriving and avoid traffic jam of letting effectively it ensures traffic safety look for purpose result who status put fast.
This text puts forward the key technology involved and put forward the relevant solution progressively according to developping the order of the electronic map system of figure. It probe into organize at what has been lasted map GIS datas, From ones not topological for the the relation one for optimum the searches of the routes , GPS between data processing and interface technology, adopt ComGIS develop mode develop and navigate map the implementation technique relevant content s of software
And the parking stall show that carries on key research and designed in question to plan the route. It studies based on GIS optimum routeses search for algorithm propose information the requests of completeness to GIS relation the structures of form. Good form structure reducible traffic the directionality, turn to , right value finish retraining and search for the complexity brought restraint to the best route s of networks. A different and systematic one hold up foot-path need with visual to take method store topological data by modification corresponding data lists only by issue most,
Algorithm ask and solve course keep and become..
The influence searched for to the topological relation of network of the traffic and optimum route in change of the real-time traffic information that and has considered. In probing into automobile explain GPS/DGPS make a reservation technology, how import to the computer localization information who GPS/DGPS offer when making a reservation, GPS receiving set and computer and navigate the interface problems of the software; The localization information utilizing GPS/DGPS to offer, is vary and adopted the map to match technology and show the parking stall on the road accurately by the coordinate. Having developed the experimental system at last, relevant algorithm principle and key technology got exactness verification.
引文
[1] (美)赵亦林．汽车定位与导航系统．数字电子工业出版社，1999
[2] 陈建阳 孙立军 张建嵩．车载导行系统发展趋势及上海的对策．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．同济大学，上海市科学技术委员会主编．上海：同济大学出版社，2001，5
[3] 陆化普．智能运输系统．北京：人民交通出版社，2001，11
[4] 周忠谟．GPS卫星测量原理与应用(第2版)．测绘出版社，1997
[5] 西南交通大学．成都市交通规划办公室．成都市综合交通规划总报告(中、远期)，1993
[6] 成都市交通规划办公室．成都科技大学．成都市综合交通规划—成都市客流系统研究，1993
[7] 三味工作室．MapInfo 6.0应用丌发指南．人民邮电出版社．2001．7
[8] 王瑞民．MapInfo 5．X使用指南．中国铁道出版社．2001
[9] 陈建阳，孙立军．上海车载导行系统产业化分析．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．2000
[10] Yuncai Liu．How Easy to create Digital Map Data．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．2000
[11] 张殿业，金键，袁旭编著．智能交通理论与技术．成都：四川科学技术出版社，2000，12
[12] 李德仁，龚建雅，边馥苓等．地理信息系统导论．测绘出版社，1993
[13] 郑四发等．基于GPS信号的导航地图路网生成方法研究．公路交通科技．2002，6
[14] 王荣本等．世界智能汽年行使安令保障技术的研究进展．公路交通科技．2002，6
[15] 社团法人 交通工学研究会编．董国良译．智能交通系统／(日)．人民交通出版社，2002．2
[16] 陈先龙，翁勇．基于MapX的GIS-T应用开发实例．交通与计算
机，2003．4：73-74
[17] 陈南，高扬．数字地图在汽车导航中应用的若干技术问题．武汉大学学报．信息科学版．2002(2)：143-147
[18] 杨兆升著．城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型．-北京：人民交通出版社，1999．9
[19] Pang, G. ; Takahashi, K. ; Yokota, T. ; Takenaga, H. Adaptive route selection for dynamic route .guidance system based on fuzzy-neural approaches. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1995. Proceedings. In conjunction with the Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 6th International VNIS. 'A Ride into the Future. Page(s): 75-82
[20] Yang Yikang, Lin Yong, Huang YongXuan. The navigation principle and algorithm of vehicular dead reckoning system with differential compass. Intelligent Control and Automation, 2OO2. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on, Volume:2,2002.1036-1040
[21] Ross, M. Low cost autonomous highway navigation including services and directions. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993. Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE. Page(s): 60-61
[22] Tomita, K. ; Tsugawa, S. ; Visual navigation of a vehicle along roads: the algorithm and experiments ,Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1994. Proceedings., 1994, 31 Aug-2 Sep 1994 Page(s): 419 - 424
[23] Shresta, R.L. Use of real-time DGPS base station concept to collect point location data for a GIS. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993., Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE , 12-15 Oct 1993 Page(s): 460-476
[24] Shibata, M. ; Fujita, Y. Current status and future plans for digital map databases in Japan. Vehicle Navigation and
Information Systems Conference, 1993. Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE. Page(s): 29-33
[25] Heti, G. TravelGuide: Ontario's route guidance system. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993., Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE, 12-15 Oct 1993. Page(s): 53, A13-A18.
[26] 邬伦，刘瑜等．地理信息系统—原理、方法和应用，北京：科学出版社，2001 邬伦，张晶，赵伟编著．地理信息系统．-北京：数字电子工业出版社，2002．7
[27] 胡鹏，黄杏之，华一新编著．地理信息系统教程．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002，2
[28] 刘光编著．地理信息系统二次开发一组件篇．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[29] [瑞典]克列斯特·海顿．交通冲突技术．西南交通大学出版社，1994
[30] (美)Jon Bates，Tim Tompkins．实用Visual C++6.0教程．清华大学出版社，2000
[31] 陈燕申．城市地理信息系统的系统分析和系统设计．地质出版社．1999，12
[32] 张国伍．智能交通系统工程导论．数字电子工业出版社．2003，9
[33] 毛保华，曾会欣，袁振洲．交通规划模型及其应用．中国铁道出版社，1999
[34] 孟哲．基于GPS和GIS的汽车定位与导航系统的研究，交通科技，2001，187(4)，39-40．
[35] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构(第二版)．清华大学出版社．1992，6
[36] (美)卓滋德克(著)，陈曙晖(译)．数据结构与算法—C++版(第2版)．清华大学出版社．2003
[37] 王密等．车载GPS导航系统中GPS定位与道路匹配方法研究．武汉测绘科技大学学报．2000，6
[38] 陈大伟等．地理信息系统(GIS)在汽车导航系统中的应用研究．
交通与计算机．2000，6
[39] 黄加纳，蓝悦明，覃文忠．地图数字化的坐标转换及数据的精度与相关性．武汉大学学报．信息科学版．2001
[40] Bruce. GOLDEN. Vehicle Routing: Methods and Studies. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.P.O. BOX 1991. Page:199-293
[41] K.C. Mosler. Continuous Location of Transportation Networks. Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Page:63-101
[42] J.L. Adler. A Best Neighbor Heuristic Search for Finding Minimum Paths in Transpotation Netwoks. Transportation Research Board 77th Annual Meeting. 1998
[43] R.L. French. Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Artech House, Inc.,1997
[44] C.O. Nwagboso, Advanced Vehicle and Infrastructure Systems, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1997
[45] R.K. Ahuja, K. Mehlhom, J.B. Orlin, R.E. rarjan. Faster Algorithms For The Shortest Path Problem. Journal of the Association for the Computing machinaery. 1990,37(2),Page:213-223
[46] Stephen Scott-Young. INTELLIGENT LAND VEHICLENAVIGATION: INTEGRATING SPATIAL INFORMATION INTOTHE NAVIGATION SOLUTION.
[47] 杨大凯，王剑，蔡伯根．GPS及GIS在智能交通监控系统中的应用．交通科技．2002，4
[48] 许阳阳等．GIS环境下融合实时交通数据的交互系统．计算机工程与应用．2002
[49] 陈南，高扬．数字地图在汽车导航中应用的若干技术问题．武汉大学学报．信息科学版．2002
[50] 李玉国，戴国忠．基于GIS组件MapX的机载辅助导航系统的设计与实现．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．2001，4
[51] 李志纯，熊轶．对多路径交通分配的节点分配算法的讨论．重庆交通学院学报．2003，6
[52] 徐鹏，吴中，周吴杰．基于GIS的交叉口交通量专题图实现．交通与计算机．2002，11
[53] 李建军，陈涛．城市公共交通调度系统的研究．交通科技与经济．2004，1
[54] 晏克非等．汽车导航系统基于GIS的动态K最短路递推解法．西安公路交通大学学报．2001，1
[55] 杨忠振．利用GIS和数字地图自动生成交通需求模型中三维道路网．大连理工大学学报．2003，1
[2] 陈建阳 孙立军 张建嵩．车载导行系统发展趋势及上海的对策．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．同济大学，上海市科学技术委员会主编．上海：同济大学出版社，2001，5
[3] 陆化普．智能运输系统．北京：人民交通出版社，2001，11
[4] 周忠谟．GPS卫星测量原理与应用(第2版)．测绘出版社，1997
[5] 西南交通大学．成都市交通规划办公室．成都市综合交通规划总报告(中、远期)，1993
[6] 成都市交通规划办公室．成都科技大学．成都市综合交通规划—成都市客流系统研究，1993
[7] 三味工作室．MapInfo 6.0应用丌发指南．人民邮电出版社．2001．7
[8] 王瑞民．MapInfo 5．X使用指南．中国铁道出版社．2001
[9] 陈建阳，孙立军．上海车载导行系统产业化分析．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．2000
[10] Yuncai Liu．How Easy to create Digital Map Data．2000上海国际智能交通及管理技术研讨会论文集．2000
[11] 张殿业，金键，袁旭编著．智能交通理论与技术．成都：四川科学技术出版社，2000，12
[12] 李德仁，龚建雅，边馥苓等．地理信息系统导论．测绘出版社，1993
[13] 郑四发等．基于GPS信号的导航地图路网生成方法研究．公路交通科技．2002，6
[14] 王荣本等．世界智能汽年行使安令保障技术的研究进展．公路交通科技．2002，6
[15] 社团法人 交通工学研究会编．董国良译．智能交通系统／(日)．人民交通出版社，2002．2
[16] 陈先龙，翁勇．基于MapX的GIS-T应用开发实例．交通与计算
机，2003．4：73-74
[17] 陈南，高扬．数字地图在汽车导航中应用的若干技术问题．武汉大学学报．信息科学版．2002(2)：143-147
[18] 杨兆升著．城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型．-北京：人民交通出版社，1999．9
[19] Pang, G. ; Takahashi, K. ; Yokota, T. ; Takenaga, H. Adaptive route selection for dynamic route .guidance system based on fuzzy-neural approaches. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1995. Proceedings. In conjunction with the Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 6th International VNIS. 'A Ride into the Future. Page(s): 75-82
[20] Yang Yikang, Lin Yong, Huang YongXuan. The navigation principle and algorithm of vehicular dead reckoning system with differential compass. Intelligent Control and Automation, 2OO2. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on, Volume:2,2002.1036-1040
[21] Ross, M. Low cost autonomous highway navigation including services and directions. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993. Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE. Page(s): 60-61
[22] Tomita, K. ; Tsugawa, S. ; Visual navigation of a vehicle along roads: the algorithm and experiments ,Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1994. Proceedings., 1994, 31 Aug-2 Sep 1994 Page(s): 419 - 424
[23] Shresta, R.L. Use of real-time DGPS base station concept to collect point location data for a GIS. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993., Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE , 12-15 Oct 1993 Page(s): 460-476
[24] Shibata, M. ; Fujita, Y. Current status and future plans for digital map databases in Japan. Vehicle Navigation and
Information Systems Conference, 1993. Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE. Page(s): 29-33
[25] Heti, G. TravelGuide: Ontario's route guidance system. Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1993., Proceedings of the IEEE-IEE, 12-15 Oct 1993. Page(s): 53, A13-A18.
[26] 邬伦，刘瑜等．地理信息系统—原理、方法和应用，北京：科学出版社，2001 邬伦，张晶，赵伟编著．地理信息系统．-北京：数字电子工业出版社，2002．7
[27] 胡鹏，黄杏之，华一新编著．地理信息系统教程．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002，2
[28] 刘光编著．地理信息系统二次开发一组件篇．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[29] [瑞典]克列斯特·海顿．交通冲突技术．西南交通大学出版社，1994
[30] (美)Jon Bates，Tim Tompkins．实用Visual C++6.0教程．清华大学出版社，2000
[31] 陈燕申．城市地理信息系统的系统分析和系统设计．地质出版社．1999，12
[32] 张国伍．智能交通系统工程导论．数字电子工业出版社．2003，9
[33] 毛保华，曾会欣，袁振洲．交通规划模型及其应用．中国铁道出版社，1999
[34] 孟哲．基于GPS和GIS的汽车定位与导航系统的研究，交通科技，2001，187(4)，39-40．
[35] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构(第二版)．清华大学出版社．1992，6
[36] (美)卓滋德克(著)，陈曙晖(译)．数据结构与算法—C++版(第2版)．清华大学出版社．2003
[37] 王密等．车载GPS导航系统中GPS定位与道路匹配方法研究．武汉测绘科技大学学报．2000，6
[38] 陈大伟等．地理信息系统(GIS)在汽车导航系统中的应用研究．
交通与计算机．2000，6
[39] 黄加纳，蓝悦明，覃文忠．地图数字化的坐标转换及数据的精度与相关性．武汉大学学报．信息科学版．2001
[40] Bruce. GOLDEN. Vehicle Routing: Methods and Studies. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.P.O. BOX 1991. Page:199-293
[41] K.C. Mosler. Continuous Location of Transportation Networks. Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Page:63-101
[42] J.L. Adler. A Best Neighbor Heuristic Search for Finding Minimum Paths in Transpotation Netwoks. Transportation Research Board 77th Annual Meeting. 1998
[43] R.L. French. Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Artech House, Inc.,1997
[44] C.O. Nwagboso, Advanced Vehicle and Infrastructure Systems, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1997
[45] R.K. Ahuja, K. Mehlhom, J.B. Orlin, R.E. rarjan. Faster Algorithms For The Shortest Path Problem. Journal of the Association for the Computing machinaery. 1990,37(2),Page:213-223
[46] Stephen Scott-Young. INTELLIGENT LAND VEHICLENAVIGATION: INTEGRATING SPATIAL INFORMATION INTOTHE NAVIGATION SOLUTION.
[47] 杨大凯，王剑，蔡伯根．GPS及GIS在智能交通监控系统中的应用．交通科技．2002，4
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