江西省非木质林产品产业发展及其对区域林业及林农收入的影响研究
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摘要
进入21世纪,世界各国在森林资源和生态环境保护方面制定了一系列的政策。随着人们对森林多功能,特别是生态服务功能认识的逐步加深,面临森林资源数量的减少和质量的下降,实施森林资源可持续经营及管理已成为全球人类的共同目标。目前,随着人类社会的发展与进步和人们对各类自然资源认识的逐步深入,在森林资源中占有极为重要地位的非木质林产品资源的开发和利用已经受到世界各国的广泛关注和高度重视,如中药材、山野菜、油茶、竹类、食用菌类和野生动物蛋白等。非木质林产品在维持农户生计、生物多样性保护及出口贸易中有极其重要的作用。其开发利用不但为贫困地区的居民提供多种渠道的经济来源、就业机会以及食物和药材保障,同时,随着近几年非木质林产品产业产值的增加,其在优化林业产业结构,增加林业产值方面也发挥着越来越重要的作用。在此基础上,本文选取江西省作为研究对象,重点研究非木质开发开发利用对区域林业经济及林区农民收入的影响,以期构建非木质林产品产值增加及林农增收的利益驱动机制,并对当前江西省的非木质林产品利用的发展潜力展开综合评价,最后对目前的非木质林产品利用的政策制度体系进行分析,从中发现利用过程中存在的问题,并提出相应的完善对策。主要得出如下结论：第一,江西省可利用的非木材林产品几乎涵盖所有的产品类型,非木质林产品产业在全国具有比较优势,但是存在着诸如产业化发展水平较低、市场不健全等问题；第二,非木质林产品产业的发展,使得人们对森林资源的砍伐等初级利用明显下降,逐渐向非木质林产品的采集、种植、养殖的开发利用方式和发展生态旅游的森林资源高级利用方式转变,在带动林业第三产业发展的同时,又影响了当地第一、第二产业的发展,使得第一产业在林业总产值中所占比例降低,逐渐调整了林业三大产业在区域经济发展中的比重,通过改变原来相对单一的林业产业结构,促进了区域林业产值的增长及经济的发展。从整体来看,非木质林产品产业增加了林业产值,优化了林业产业结构,将有利于森林资源的可持续经营；第三,非木质林产品开发利用对农民收入有显著影响,增加了农民收入,扩大了区域间及区域内农民收入差距；第四,非木质林产品开发利用产业发展潜力巨大,有良好的发展基础,采取ST战略,辅助SO战略。本次研究不仅可以提高政府对非木质林产品开发利用的重视,而且将对发展林区经济、稳定农民收入、促进森林可持续经营起到积极的作用,本研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。
In the21st century, countries around the world have made a series of policies in the aspect of forest resources and ecological environment protection. Under the condition of timber production being restrained, sustainable forest management got the full attention of the society.
At present, with the development and progress of human society, and people gradually in-depth understanding of all kinds of natural resources, NTFPs (Non-timber forest products) which have the extremely important status in the forest resources of development and utilization have received extensive attention of all countries in the world, such as medicinal herbs, wild vegetable, camellia, Bamboo, edible fungus and wild animal protein, etc. NTFPs have an extremely important role in maintaining farmers livelihood, biodiversity protection and export trade.
The development and utilization not only supplies the economic source of a variety of channels, employment opportunities and security of food and medicine for the residents in the poor areas of developing countries. At the same time, NTFPs also have an important function in improving the ecological environment and sustainable development of forestry. In terms of the current national policy and under the new circumstances, especially after the implementation of natural forest protection project in China, utilization of forest resources could no longer rely on cutting down trees to get profits, which makes the development of NTFPs get more attention. Most of NTFPs in China grow in forest area, and economy development of forest area obviously relies on natural resources.As the implementation of the protection engineering and increase of national protection of forest resources, it has brought price rising of NTFPs year by year. Therefore, the function of NTFPs for promoting forest economic development and increasing farmers' income will be increased further. Jiangxi province is one of the important collective forest region of southern China. Since the opening up reform, under the concern and support of the Jiangxi provincial party committee and the provincial government, forestry development in Jiangxi province has achieved remarkable results, and made a huge contribution to economic and social development.
Under this background, based on the analysis of the current situation, existing problems and comprehensive utilization of the environment of NTFPs in Jiangxi province,this paper mainly studied the impact of NTFPs utilization on forest industry structure and forest farmers' income, and made comprehensive evaluation on the development potential of NTFPs utilization, finally the current policy guarantee system of NTFPs was analyzed, and the corresponding perfect countermeasure was put forward. Main conclusions were shown as follows:firstly,the utilization types of NTFPs in Jiangxi province covers almost all kinds of NTFPs,and NTFPs industry has a comparative advantage in China, but there are still some problems in NTFPs utilization,such as low level of industrialization,low efficiency of utilization,etc; Secondly, the development of NTFPs industry makes forest resources'utilization method gradually transfer from primary level of forest resources cutting down to senior utilization level of NTFPs planting, breeding method and the development of ecological tourism,which drives the development of forestry third industry, the development of primary and secondary industry were influenced at the same time.It makes the proportion of forestry primary industry in the forestry output value reduced, and gradually adjustes the proportion of three industries in regional economic development of forestry, by changing the original relatively single forestry industrial structure, and promotes the regional forestry output growth and economic development.Above all, NTFPs industry increase the forestry production, and the forestry industrial structure was optimized,which will contribute effect impact on sustainable forest resources management; Thirdly, NTFPs exploitation has a significant influence on farmers' income, which is not only beneficial to the farmers' income, but also to narrow the gap between the farmers' income; Fourth, development potential of NTFPs exploitation and utilization industry is tremendous, ST strategy and SO strategy should be adopted.The reaearch can not only improve the attention of government to NTFPs utilization and exploitation,but also effective to forestry economy development, farmers' income improvement and forestry industry optimization.
In the21st century, countries around the world have made a series of policies in the aspect of forest resources and ecological environment protection. Under the condition of timber production being restrained, sustainable forest management got the full attention of the society.
At present, with the development and progress of human society, and people gradually in-depth understanding of all kinds of natural resources, NTFPs (Non-timber forest products) which have the extremely important status in the forest resources of development and utilization have received extensive attention of all countries in the world, such as medicinal herbs, wild vegetable, camellia, Bamboo, edible fungus and wild animal protein, etc. NTFPs have an extremely important role in maintaining farmers livelihood, biodiversity protection and export trade.
The development and utilization not only supplies the economic source of a variety of channels, employment opportunities and security of food and medicine for the residents in the poor areas of developing countries. At the same time, NTFPs also have an important function in improving the ecological environment and sustainable development of forestry. In terms of the current national policy and under the new circumstances, especially after the implementation of natural forest protection project in China, utilization of forest resources could no longer rely on cutting down trees to get profits, which makes the development of NTFPs get more attention. Most of NTFPs in China grow in forest area, and economy development of forest area obviously relies on natural resources.As the implementation of the protection engineering and increase of national protection of forest resources, it has brought price rising of NTFPs year by year. Therefore, the function of NTFPs for promoting forest economic development and increasing farmers' income will be increased further. Jiangxi province is one of the important collective forest region of southern China. Since the opening up reform, under the concern and support of the Jiangxi provincial party committee and the provincial government, forestry development in Jiangxi province has achieved remarkable results, and made a huge contribution to economic and social development.
Under this background, based on the analysis of the current situation, existing problems and comprehensive utilization of the environment of NTFPs in Jiangxi province,this paper mainly studied the impact of NTFPs utilization on forest industry structure and forest farmers' income, and made comprehensive evaluation on the development potential of NTFPs utilization, finally the current policy guarantee system of NTFPs was analyzed, and the corresponding perfect countermeasure was put forward. Main conclusions were shown as follows:firstly,the utilization types of NTFPs in Jiangxi province covers almost all kinds of NTFPs,and NTFPs industry has a comparative advantage in China, but there are still some problems in NTFPs utilization,such as low level of industrialization,low efficiency of utilization,etc; Secondly, the development of NTFPs industry makes forest resources'utilization method gradually transfer from primary level of forest resources cutting down to senior utilization level of NTFPs planting, breeding method and the development of ecological tourism,which drives the development of forestry third industry, the development of primary and secondary industry were influenced at the same time.It makes the proportion of forestry primary industry in the forestry output value reduced, and gradually adjustes the proportion of three industries in regional economic development of forestry, by changing the original relatively single forestry industrial structure, and promotes the regional forestry output growth and economic development.Above all, NTFPs industry increase the forestry production, and the forestry industrial structure was optimized,which will contribute effect impact on sustainable forest resources management; Thirdly, NTFPs exploitation has a significant influence on farmers' income, which is not only beneficial to the farmers' income, but also to narrow the gap between the farmers' income; Fourth, development potential of NTFPs exploitation and utilization industry is tremendous, ST strategy and SO strategy should be adopted.The reaearch can not only improve the attention of government to NTFPs utilization and exploitation,but also effective to forestry economy development, farmers' income improvement and forestry industry optimization.
引文
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