城市经营视角下的西安市遗址保护与开发研究
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摘要
作为人类发展史上重大文明、历史事件的载体和证据的历史遗址,其本身具有无可替代的重要价值。目前,遗址保护工作已逐步受到社会各个阶层的认知。西安作为中国的十三朝古都,存在大量文化遗址遗迹,但由于受到快速发展及地区经济水平限制的影响,很多遗址因城市建设遭到破坏,保护工作无法开展;还有一部分区域或片区因遗址保护的原因,限制了区域经济发展,造成居民生活水平的落后,对遗址保护工作的进一步深入带来各方面的阻力。
由于城市巨系统本身的复杂性与多样性,以及城市开发过程中各方利益之间的冲突日趋复杂,城市经营的理念越来越多的渗入到城市的发展中,并在城市建设实践中得到逐步完善。有形的文物古迹和非物质文化遗产都已成为城市经营的研究对象,使城市经营对象从单一的土地、市政设施等有形资产,发展到对历史文化无形资产的重视,并进一步提升了对此类无形资产的载体——城市文化遗址用地保护与利用的认识。同时伴随资源可持续利用、环境可持续发展的理念正日趋被各国政府和广大民众所重视,不能忽视遗址作为一种文化遗产在对其保护的基础上进行可持续的开发利用。科学地认识遗址保护与利用之间的关系,保护遗址的真实性与完整性,使遗址资源的价值能够得到永续利用,这是实现当代人与子孙后代平等地享有遗址各种价值的不二选择。
本文结合城市经营、遗址价值、遗址开发保护等理论的研究,以城市发展与遗址保护共生为研究对象,通过对成功保护利用案例的调查,总结历史遗址在城市开发中的所面临的机遇及遗址开发所带来的社会效益,探索遗址保护开发与城市发展合作策略。
As the major carrier and evidence of glorious civilizations and history events of human history, historical site, whose protection has been cognized by every rank of the society, has an important and irreplaceable value. As one of four ancient civilizations, China has a large number of cultural sites. However, due to the rapid development and the restrictions of regional economic impact, many of them were damaged by urban development, and the protection can not be carried out. At the same time, the regional economic development of some places was restricted by the protection of historical sites, which led to the low standard of living, and bring all kinds of resistance to the penetration of historical site protection.
Due to the complexity and diversity of the huge system of cities, and the more and more complicated collision of all aspects in the urban development process, the idea of urban management has been penetrated into the development day by day, and being perfected step by step in the construction practice of cities. Tangible heritage and intangible cultural heritage have already become the content of urban management, bring its target from single urban land, municipal facilities and other tangible assets, into intangible assets of history and culture, and further improve the carried of this type of intangible assets– cognition of the protection and development of urban cultural heritage site. At the same time , when the sustainable use of resources and environmentally sustainable development become into a rapidly rooted concept in the minds of the people and governments, it can not be ignored the concept that cultural resource sites, as a kind of cultural resource, should also be used sustainable on the basis of the protection. To deal with the relationship of the protection and utilization of historical sites correctly, and maintain the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage, and make them can be used generation by generation, is undoubtedly the only correct choice to achieve the enjoyment of the right to know of the original appearance of heritage by the contemporary people and our descendants.
In this paper, we combine the study of urban management, site value, site development and protection theories, take the symbiosis of urban development and protection as the study object, sum the opportunities that historical sites faced in the urban development and the social benefits that the site developments bring through the investigation of successful development model cases, and explore the win-win strategy of site protection and urban development.
由于城市巨系统本身的复杂性与多样性,以及城市开发过程中各方利益之间的冲突日趋复杂,城市经营的理念越来越多的渗入到城市的发展中,并在城市建设实践中得到逐步完善。有形的文物古迹和非物质文化遗产都已成为城市经营的研究对象,使城市经营对象从单一的土地、市政设施等有形资产,发展到对历史文化无形资产的重视,并进一步提升了对此类无形资产的载体——城市文化遗址用地保护与利用的认识。同时伴随资源可持续利用、环境可持续发展的理念正日趋被各国政府和广大民众所重视,不能忽视遗址作为一种文化遗产在对其保护的基础上进行可持续的开发利用。科学地认识遗址保护与利用之间的关系,保护遗址的真实性与完整性,使遗址资源的价值能够得到永续利用,这是实现当代人与子孙后代平等地享有遗址各种价值的不二选择。
本文结合城市经营、遗址价值、遗址开发保护等理论的研究,以城市发展与遗址保护共生为研究对象,通过对成功保护利用案例的调查,总结历史遗址在城市开发中的所面临的机遇及遗址开发所带来的社会效益,探索遗址保护开发与城市发展合作策略。
As the major carrier and evidence of glorious civilizations and history events of human history, historical site, whose protection has been cognized by every rank of the society, has an important and irreplaceable value. As one of four ancient civilizations, China has a large number of cultural sites. However, due to the rapid development and the restrictions of regional economic impact, many of them were damaged by urban development, and the protection can not be carried out. At the same time, the regional economic development of some places was restricted by the protection of historical sites, which led to the low standard of living, and bring all kinds of resistance to the penetration of historical site protection.
Due to the complexity and diversity of the huge system of cities, and the more and more complicated collision of all aspects in the urban development process, the idea of urban management has been penetrated into the development day by day, and being perfected step by step in the construction practice of cities. Tangible heritage and intangible cultural heritage have already become the content of urban management, bring its target from single urban land, municipal facilities and other tangible assets, into intangible assets of history and culture, and further improve the carried of this type of intangible assets– cognition of the protection and development of urban cultural heritage site. At the same time , when the sustainable use of resources and environmentally sustainable development become into a rapidly rooted concept in the minds of the people and governments, it can not be ignored the concept that cultural resource sites, as a kind of cultural resource, should also be used sustainable on the basis of the protection. To deal with the relationship of the protection and utilization of historical sites correctly, and maintain the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage, and make them can be used generation by generation, is undoubtedly the only correct choice to achieve the enjoyment of the right to know of the original appearance of heritage by the contemporary people and our descendants.
In this paper, we combine the study of urban management, site value, site development and protection theories, take the symbiosis of urban development and protection as the study object, sum the opportunities that historical sites faced in the urban development and the social benefits that the site developments bring through the investigation of successful development model cases, and explore the win-win strategy of site protection and urban development.
引文
[1]《经营城市的渊源与理论基础》.袁本芳邓宏乾.现代城市研究.2005
[2]《论城市经营中的政府行为》》.张水平.2007
[1]《城市历史文化遗址保护的政策与规划》.王景慧.2004
[1]《江苏省大遗址保护规划与利用模式研究》》.崔明.2006
[1]《古文化遗址保护利用项目可行性研究方法》.孙明阳.西安建筑科技大学工程硕士论文.2008
[1]王景慧、阮仪三、王林编著,历史文化名城保护理论与规划.上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[2]阮仪三著,城市遗产保护论.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005
[3]徐嵩龄、张晓明、章建刚著,文化遗产的保护与经营——中国实践与理论进展.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003
[4]吴良镛著,人居环境科学导论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[5]阮仪三主编,中国历史文化名城保护规划.上海:同济大学出版社,1995
[6]世联地产顾问丛书,规划的市场评价.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7]世联地产顾问丛书,城市更新之市场模式.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[8]史建云等著,苏州古城的保护与更新.南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[9]周俭、张恺编著,在城市上建造城市——法国城市历史遗产保护实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[1]王景慧.城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划.城市规划.2004.8
[2]赵中枢.中国历史文化名城的特点及保护的若干问题.城市规划.2002.7
[3]阮仪三、肖建莉.寻求遗产保护和旅游发展的“双赢”之路.城市规划.2003.6
[4]桂晓峰、戈岳.关于历史文化街区保护资金问题的探讨.城市规划.2005.7
[5]阮仪三、严国泰.历史名城资源的合理利用与旅游发展.城市规划.2003.4
[6]阮仪三、张艳华.上海城市遗产保护观念的发展及对中国名城保护的思考.城市规划学刊.2005.1
[7]邵甬等.市场经济背景下的城市遗产保护.城市规划汇刊.2003.2
[8]阮仪三等.再论市场经济背景下的城市遗产保护.城市规划.2003.12
[9]周干峙.城市化和历史文化名城.城市规划.2002.6
[10]谭颖.苏州历史文化名城保护的实践与思考.城市规划汇刊.2003.
[11]阮仪三.中国历史城市遗产的保护与合理利用.住宅科技.2004.5
[12]仇保兴.复兴城市历史文化特色的基本策略.规划师.2002.6
[13]张敬淦.北京城市经营与城市规划.北京联合大学学报.2003.3
[14]刘世能、黄国成.从经营城市的角度看历史文化名城的保护和开发.北京规划建设.2003.3
[15]赵燕菁.从城市管理走向城市经营.城市规划.2002.11
[16]李建平.“经营城市”与北京历史文化名城的保护、利用.北京联合大
[17]仇保兴.城市定位理论与城市核心竞争力.城市规划.2002.7
[18]袁本芳、邓宏乾.经营城市的渊源与理论基础.现代城市研究.2005.8
[1]张强.大遗址保护与开发的可行性研究.2004.山东大学硕士论文
[2]张祖群.汉长安城的文化、丝济价值分析与遗产保护.2002.西北大学硕士论文
[3]罗丹萍.论城市经营中文化遗产的价值取向.2007.四川大学硕士论文
[4]俞峰.唐大明宫遗址公园可行性研究.2006.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
[1]Nathaniel Lichfield.Economics in Urban Conservation. Cambridge University Press, 2000
[2]Donovan D Rypkema.The (Economic) Value of National Register Listing.CRM No.1, 2002
[3]William J.Murtagh.Keeping Time: The History of Preservation in America. Revised edition, John Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1997
[4]R.C.Collins.America’s Downtown:Growth Politics&Preservation.The Preservation Press,1991.l
[5]William J.Murtagh.Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. New Jersey: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.2005
[6]J.Kirk Irwin.Historic Preservation Handbook.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.2003
[2]《论城市经营中的政府行为》》.张水平.2007
[1]《城市历史文化遗址保护的政策与规划》.王景慧.2004
[1]《江苏省大遗址保护规划与利用模式研究》》.崔明.2006
[1]《古文化遗址保护利用项目可行性研究方法》.孙明阳.西安建筑科技大学工程硕士论文.2008
[1]王景慧、阮仪三、王林编著,历史文化名城保护理论与规划.上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[2]阮仪三著,城市遗产保护论.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005
[3]徐嵩龄、张晓明、章建刚著,文化遗产的保护与经营——中国实践与理论进展.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003
[4]吴良镛著,人居环境科学导论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[5]阮仪三主编,中国历史文化名城保护规划.上海:同济大学出版社,1995
[6]世联地产顾问丛书,规划的市场评价.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[7]世联地产顾问丛书,城市更新之市场模式.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[8]史建云等著,苏州古城的保护与更新.南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[9]周俭、张恺编著,在城市上建造城市——法国城市历史遗产保护实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[1]王景慧.城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划.城市规划.2004.8
[2]赵中枢.中国历史文化名城的特点及保护的若干问题.城市规划.2002.7
[3]阮仪三、肖建莉.寻求遗产保护和旅游发展的“双赢”之路.城市规划.2003.6
[4]桂晓峰、戈岳.关于历史文化街区保护资金问题的探讨.城市规划.2005.7
[5]阮仪三、严国泰.历史名城资源的合理利用与旅游发展.城市规划.2003.4
[6]阮仪三、张艳华.上海城市遗产保护观念的发展及对中国名城保护的思考.城市规划学刊.2005.1
[7]邵甬等.市场经济背景下的城市遗产保护.城市规划汇刊.2003.2
[8]阮仪三等.再论市场经济背景下的城市遗产保护.城市规划.2003.12
[9]周干峙.城市化和历史文化名城.城市规划.2002.6
[10]谭颖.苏州历史文化名城保护的实践与思考.城市规划汇刊.2003.
[11]阮仪三.中国历史城市遗产的保护与合理利用.住宅科技.2004.5
[12]仇保兴.复兴城市历史文化特色的基本策略.规划师.2002.6
[13]张敬淦.北京城市经营与城市规划.北京联合大学学报.2003.3
[14]刘世能、黄国成.从经营城市的角度看历史文化名城的保护和开发.北京规划建设.2003.3
[15]赵燕菁.从城市管理走向城市经营.城市规划.2002.11
[16]李建平.“经营城市”与北京历史文化名城的保护、利用.北京联合大
[17]仇保兴.城市定位理论与城市核心竞争力.城市规划.2002.7
[18]袁本芳、邓宏乾.经营城市的渊源与理论基础.现代城市研究.2005.8
[1]张强.大遗址保护与开发的可行性研究.2004.山东大学硕士论文
[2]张祖群.汉长安城的文化、丝济价值分析与遗产保护.2002.西北大学硕士论文
[3]罗丹萍.论城市经营中文化遗产的价值取向.2007.四川大学硕士论文
[4]俞峰.唐大明宫遗址公园可行性研究.2006.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
[1]Nathaniel Lichfield.Economics in Urban Conservation. Cambridge University Press, 2000
[2]Donovan D Rypkema.The (Economic) Value of National Register Listing.CRM No.1, 2002
[3]William J.Murtagh.Keeping Time: The History of Preservation in America. Revised edition, John Wiley&Sons, Inc, 1997
[4]R.C.Collins.America’s Downtown:Growth Politics&Preservation.The Preservation Press,1991.l
[5]William J.Murtagh.Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. New Jersey: John Wiley&Sons,Inc.2005
[6]J.Kirk Irwin.Historic Preservation Handbook.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.2003