配电网故障恢复重构研究
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摘要
配电网的故障定位，故障隔离和恢复重构是配电网自动化和配电系统优化的重要方面，当配电网发生故障时要求能够根据配电网的实际拓扑结构，快速地定位故障并且通过遥控开关隔离与故障点相连的用户，然后通过转换联络开关和分段开关的状态，寻找一种满足约束条件的最优恢复方案。
首先，本文对配电网进行了分析并建立了相应的数学模型；对配电网故障定位、隔离和恢复的原理进行了详细的讨论和分析；研究了启发式搜索和模糊评估算法在故障恢复中的应用原理，在此基础上提出了一个将启发式搜索和模糊评估算法同时应用于故障恢复问题的主要思路。
其次，针对目前传统遗传算法在故障恢复应用中的某些缺点，应用了遗传算法、神经网络和模糊数学等相关知识，对传统遗传算法的编码方法及相应的遗传操作策略、评判方法以及适应度函数的设计等进行了一些改进。在惩罚函数的基础上对约束条件进行了相应的处理，然后采用综合模糊评判方法对恢复重构方案进行评价，在此基础上得到了改进遗传算法的适应度函数。同时引进模糊控制方法对基因操作的交叉概率和变异概率进行在线控制。本文用MATLAB和VC++作为仿真工具，对故障恢复重构的改进遗传算法进行了实例仿真，分析和算例的结果表明该改进算法是有效的。
最后得到了关于配电网故障恢复重构改进遗传算法的若干结论。
Restoration in distribution system is an important aspect of distribution automation and distribution optimization. When there is a fault in the distribution system, it can fast locate the fault and separate the load which connect the fault by operating switches according to the real-time structure of the distribution network. Then it can find an operating pattern by changing the status of the tie or sectionalizing switches.
Firstly, a model about service restoration reconfiguration in distribution networks based on the analysis of the distribution network is proposed.
Secondly, service restoration using a fuzzy evaluation approach and a heuristic search approach is discussed, then a approach using both the fuzzy set and heuristic search approach is discussed for service restoration in distribution network. Here the principles are focused.
At the same time, the coding plan and comparing method of the common genetic algorithm are improved. With the apply of fuzzy and neural-net, the constrains in the restoration reconfiguration are dealt with by basing on the punish function. In addition, by using the fuzzy control approach, probability of the chromosomal crossover and chromosomal variation can be controlled well according to the real instance. The simulation system is constituted with MATLAB and some programs are formed with VC++ language. The results of the analysis and simulation denote that the method proposed in this paper is efficient and reliable.
Lastly, several conclusions on service restoration reconfiguration in distribution system are given.
首先，本文对配电网进行了分析并建立了相应的数学模型；对配电网故障定位、隔离和恢复的原理进行了详细的讨论和分析；研究了启发式搜索和模糊评估算法在故障恢复中的应用原理，在此基础上提出了一个将启发式搜索和模糊评估算法同时应用于故障恢复问题的主要思路。
其次，针对目前传统遗传算法在故障恢复应用中的某些缺点，应用了遗传算法、神经网络和模糊数学等相关知识，对传统遗传算法的编码方法及相应的遗传操作策略、评判方法以及适应度函数的设计等进行了一些改进。在惩罚函数的基础上对约束条件进行了相应的处理，然后采用综合模糊评判方法对恢复重构方案进行评价，在此基础上得到了改进遗传算法的适应度函数。同时引进模糊控制方法对基因操作的交叉概率和变异概率进行在线控制。本文用MATLAB和VC++作为仿真工具，对故障恢复重构的改进遗传算法进行了实例仿真，分析和算例的结果表明该改进算法是有效的。
最后得到了关于配电网故障恢复重构改进遗传算法的若干结论。
Restoration in distribution system is an important aspect of distribution automation and distribution optimization. When there is a fault in the distribution system, it can fast locate the fault and separate the load which connect the fault by operating switches according to the real-time structure of the distribution network. Then it can find an operating pattern by changing the status of the tie or sectionalizing switches.
Firstly, a model about service restoration reconfiguration in distribution networks based on the analysis of the distribution network is proposed.
Secondly, service restoration using a fuzzy evaluation approach and a heuristic search approach is discussed, then a approach using both the fuzzy set and heuristic search approach is discussed for service restoration in distribution network. Here the principles are focused.
At the same time, the coding plan and comparing method of the common genetic algorithm are improved. With the apply of fuzzy and neural-net, the constrains in the restoration reconfiguration are dealt with by basing on the punish function. In addition, by using the fuzzy control approach, probability of the chromosomal crossover and chromosomal variation can be controlled well according to the real instance. The simulation system is constituted with MATLAB and some programs are formed with VC++ language. The results of the analysis and simulation denote that the method proposed in this paper is efficient and reliable.
Lastly, several conclusions on service restoration reconfiguration in distribution system are given.
引文
1. Karen Nan Miu, Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Bentao Yuan, Gary Darling. Fast Service Restoration for Large-Scale Distribution Systems with Priority Customers and Constraints. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1998, 13(3): 789-795
2. H.M. Huang, Yuan. Yih. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, S. K. Peng, C. W. Chang, K. J. Chang, H. S. Yu, C. E. Chow, R. T. Kuo. Distribution System Service Restoration Using A Heuristic Search Approach. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1992, 7(2): 734-7402
3. Yuan-Yih Hsu, Han-Ching Kuo. A Heuristic Based Reasoning Approach for Distribution System Service Restoration. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1994, 9(2): 948-953
4．李海锋，张尧，钱国基，等。配电网故障恢复重构算法研究。电力系统自动化，2001, 25 (8):34-37
5. T. Sakaguchi, K. Matsumoto. Development of A Knowledge Based System for Power System Restoration. IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1983, PAS-102(2): 320-329
6. Young-Moon Park, Kwang-HO Lee. Application of Expert System to Power System Restoration in Sub-control Center. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997, 12(2): 629-635
7. Danial S.Kirschen, Terry L.Volkman, Guiding A Power System Restoration with An Expert System. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1991, 6(2): 558-566
8．梁勇，张焰，候志俭。遗传算法在配电网重构中的应用。电力系统及其自动化学报，1998，12(4)：29—34
9．盛四清，梁志瑞，张文勤，等。基于遗传算法的地区电网停电恢复。电力系统自动化，2001，25(8)：53—55
10．陈莉，陈学允。基于模糊遗传算法的配电网络重构。中国电机工程学报，2000，20(2)：66—69
11．葛朝强，唐国庆，王磊。人工智能技术在配电网故障后恢复供电中的应用。迈向新世纪的高校电力科技——1999年全国高校电力系统自动化专业学术年会论文集。1044—1051
12．葛朝强，唐国庆，王磊。综合智能式的故障恢复专家系统——与故障恢复算法集相结合的自学习模糊专家系统。电力系统自动化，2000，24(2)：17—21．
13．刘天琪。超高压大系统最优恢复计划的多目标模糊决策法。电力系统自动化，2000，24(15)：27—31
14. Y.-Y. Hsu, H.-M Huang. Distribution System Service Restoration Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach and Pattern Recognition Method. lEE Trans. Distrib. 1995, 142(3): 251-256
15．杨明皓，黄单舸。配电网供电恢复系统决策的实时计算方法。电力系统自动化，2000, 24 (5):45—48
16. Raw-Shyang Wu, kan-Lee Liou, Ron F. Chu. A Petri Net Algorithm for Scheduling of Generic Restoration Actions. IEEE Trans. on Power Systmes. 1997, 12(1): 69-76
17. Han-Ching Kuo, Yuan-Yih Hsu. Distribution System Load Estimation and Service Restoration Using a Fussy Set Approach. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1993,8(4):1950-1957
18. Seung-Jae Lee, Seong-Il Lim, Bok-Shin Ahn. Service Restoration of Primary Distribution Systems Based on Fuzzy Evaluation of Multi-Criteria. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1998, 13(3): 1156-1163
19. Qin Zhou, Dariush Shirmohammadi, W. -H. Edwin Liu. Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Service Restoration and Load Balancing. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997, 12(2): 724-729
20．顾锦汶，张广等。一种快速高效的配电网供电恢复算法。电力系统自动化，2000, 24(4):52-56
21．曹冬明，张伯明，邓佑满，田田。一种新型恢复控制方法的研究。电力系统自动化，1999，23(1)：12—14
22．但唐军，。配电网故障定位和故障恢复重构的研究。南京：河海大学毕业设计。1999
23．罗毅，李占柱等。 配电网自动化实用技术。北京：中国电力出版社，1999
24．王明俊，于尔铿，刘广一。配电系统自动化及其发展。北京：中国电力出版社，1998
25．刘健，倪建立，邓永辉。配电自动化系统。北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999
26．王永庆。人工智能原理与方法。西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
27．刘有才，刘增良。模糊专家系统原理与设计。北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
28．陈慧霞等。用C++建造专家系统。北京：电子工业出版社，1996
29．曹存根。面向专家的知识获取。北京：科学出版社，1998
30．曹文君。知识库系统原理及其应用。上海：复旦大学出版社，1995
31．赵冬梅，郭锐，徐开理，高曙。电网故障诊断专家系统的一种应用。电力自动化设备，2000，20(4)：33—36
32．赵德齐。模糊数学。北京：中央民族大学出版社，1995
33．周继成等。人工神经网络——第六代计算机的实现。北京：科学普及出版社。1993
34. D.Shirmohammadi,"Service restoration in distribution networks via network reconfiguration." IEEE Transaction on PowerDelivery,April 1992,pp.952-958
35．毕鹏翔，刘健，张文元。配电网络重构的研究。电力系统自动化，2001，25(14)：54—60
2. H.M. Huang, Yuan. Yih. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, S. K. Peng, C. W. Chang, K. J. Chang, H. S. Yu, C. E. Chow, R. T. Kuo. Distribution System Service Restoration Using A Heuristic Search Approach. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1992, 7(2): 734-7402
3. Yuan-Yih Hsu, Han-Ching Kuo. A Heuristic Based Reasoning Approach for Distribution System Service Restoration. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1994, 9(2): 948-953
4．李海锋，张尧，钱国基，等。配电网故障恢复重构算法研究。电力系统自动化，2001, 25 (8):34-37
5. T. Sakaguchi, K. Matsumoto. Development of A Knowledge Based System for Power System Restoration. IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1983, PAS-102(2): 320-329
6. Young-Moon Park, Kwang-HO Lee. Application of Expert System to Power System Restoration in Sub-control Center. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997, 12(2): 629-635
7. Danial S.Kirschen, Terry L.Volkman, Guiding A Power System Restoration with An Expert System. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1991, 6(2): 558-566
8．梁勇，张焰，候志俭。遗传算法在配电网重构中的应用。电力系统及其自动化学报，1998，12(4)：29—34
9．盛四清，梁志瑞，张文勤，等。基于遗传算法的地区电网停电恢复。电力系统自动化，2001，25(8)：53—55
10．陈莉，陈学允。基于模糊遗传算法的配电网络重构。中国电机工程学报，2000，20(2)：66—69
11．葛朝强，唐国庆，王磊。人工智能技术在配电网故障后恢复供电中的应用。迈向新世纪的高校电力科技——1999年全国高校电力系统自动化专业学术年会论文集。1044—1051
12．葛朝强，唐国庆，王磊。综合智能式的故障恢复专家系统——与故障恢复算法集相结合的自学习模糊专家系统。电力系统自动化，2000，24(2)：17—21．
13．刘天琪。超高压大系统最优恢复计划的多目标模糊决策法。电力系统自动化，2000，24(15)：27—31
14. Y.-Y. Hsu, H.-M Huang. Distribution System Service Restoration Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach and Pattern Recognition Method. lEE Trans. Distrib. 1995, 142(3): 251-256
15．杨明皓，黄单舸。配电网供电恢复系统决策的实时计算方法。电力系统自动化，2000, 24 (5):45—48
16. Raw-Shyang Wu, kan-Lee Liou, Ron F. Chu. A Petri Net Algorithm for Scheduling of Generic Restoration Actions. IEEE Trans. on Power Systmes. 1997, 12(1): 69-76
17. Han-Ching Kuo, Yuan-Yih Hsu. Distribution System Load Estimation and Service Restoration Using a Fussy Set Approach. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery. 1993,8(4):1950-1957
18. Seung-Jae Lee, Seong-Il Lim, Bok-Shin Ahn. Service Restoration of Primary Distribution Systems Based on Fuzzy Evaluation of Multi-Criteria. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1998, 13(3): 1156-1163
19. Qin Zhou, Dariush Shirmohammadi, W. -H. Edwin Liu. Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Service Restoration and Load Balancing. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997, 12(2): 724-729
20．顾锦汶，张广等。一种快速高效的配电网供电恢复算法。电力系统自动化，2000, 24(4):52-56
21．曹冬明，张伯明，邓佑满，田田。一种新型恢复控制方法的研究。电力系统自动化，1999，23(1)：12—14
22．但唐军，。配电网故障定位和故障恢复重构的研究。南京：河海大学毕业设计。1999
23．罗毅，李占柱等。 配电网自动化实用技术。北京：中国电力出版社，1999
24．王明俊，于尔铿，刘广一。配电系统自动化及其发展。北京：中国电力出版社，1998
25．刘健，倪建立，邓永辉。配电自动化系统。北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999
26．王永庆。人工智能原理与方法。西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
27．刘有才，刘增良。模糊专家系统原理与设计。北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
28．陈慧霞等。用C++建造专家系统。北京：电子工业出版社，1996
29．曹存根。面向专家的知识获取。北京：科学出版社，1998
30．曹文君。知识库系统原理及其应用。上海：复旦大学出版社，1995
31．赵冬梅，郭锐，徐开理，高曙。电网故障诊断专家系统的一种应用。电力自动化设备，2000，20(4)：33—36
32．赵德齐。模糊数学。北京：中央民族大学出版社，1995
33．周继成等。人工神经网络——第六代计算机的实现。北京：科学普及出版社。1993
34. D.Shirmohammadi,"Service restoration in distribution networks via network reconfiguration." IEEE Transaction on PowerDelivery,April 1992,pp.952-958
35．毕鹏翔，刘健，张文元。配电网络重构的研究。电力系统自动化，2001，25(14)：54—60