贵州省辣椒疫病研究
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摘要
由辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici Leon．)侵染引起的辣椒疫病是世界上最具毁灭性的土传病害之一，除侵染辣椒外，还可侵染茄科和葫芦科的多种作物。随着辣椒商品化生产的迅速发展，栽培措施的强化以及不同椒型品种的推广，该病已在我国各地普遍发生，造成严重的经济损失，在贵州的辣椒产区也有逐年加重的趋势。为了更有效地防治辣椒疫病，本论文对辣椒疫病的田间为害症状、病原菌的分离培养和鉴定、辣椒主栽品种的抗病性以及病害的防治等方面进行了系统研究。主要研究结果如下：
1．辣椒疫病的田间症状
辣椒疫病可为害处于不同生长阶段的辣椒植株。苗期引起幼苗立枯、猝倒。成株期导致植株根腐，根茎部产生溃疡继而引起植株萎蔫、根茎腐烂和枯萎死亡。枝干上的溃疡发展后产生黑色坏死斑，部分或环绕枝干，引起病部以上枯死。叶片受害后产生圆形、灰褐色、水浸状的坏死斑。果实高度感病，受害后腐烂，在适宜的气候条件下病果覆盖一层白色的霉层，即病菌的孢子囊，这是辣椒疫病最典型的特征。
2．辣椒疫病菌的分离和鉴定
采用选择性培养基SCA直接分离病原菌，从菌落边缘挑取菌丝尖端于斜面培养基上进行纯化并保存。共获得有效分离物67个，回接辣椒其发病症状与田间表现完全一致。
选取不同来源的5个菌株进行形态、生理生化和生物学特性等研究。结果表明，这5个菌株在CA培养基和CMA培养基上生长量大而快，CA培养基上产生孢子囊最快，2～3天即可陆续产生。CA平板上菌落白色，浓密或稀疏绒毛状，菌丝直径1～2.5μm。孢子囊形态多样，多为圆形、近圆形、长椭圆性，孢子囊平均大小为43.5～52.7×33.3～38.8μm，长宽比1.0～2.3，乳突明显，一般单乳突，偶见双乳突。单株培养不产生卵孢子。病菌生长温度范围为12℃～35℃，对浓度为1：8×10~6的孔雀石绿不敏感，部分菌株可利用淀粉作碳源。根据这些特征将这5个菌株鉴定为Phytophthora capsici Leonian。
3．辣椒主栽品种的抗疫病性
采用灌根法对源于贵州的21个辣椒主栽品种进行苗期人工接种鉴定。结果表明，对辣椒疫病表现高抗的品种有毕节线椒、雷山朝天椒、遵义朝天椒，表现抗的品种有黔椒2号、绥椒1号、绥椒2号、乌当辣椒、遵义辣椒、湘辣1号、早杂二号等7个，表现中抗的品种有6个，感病品种5个，分别占鉴定总数的14.3％、33.3％、28.6％和23.8％。
西南农业大学硕士学位论文摘要
旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦里里旦旦旦旦
对湘研3号、湘研5号、湘研13号、遵义朝大椒、绥阳辣椒、花溪大辣椒和黔椒l
号等7个品种进行田间抗疫病自然鉴定，结果显示，当地普遍种植的湘研系列大辣椒品
种高度感病，而几个地方品种的抗病性则较好，尤其是遵义朝天椒和绥阳辣椒等干椒品
种。
4.防治技术
利用菌落生长速率法对10%宝丽安可湿性粉剂、72%克露可湿性粉剂、47%加瑞农可
湿性粉剂、75%好速净可湿性粉剂、72%霜消可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂、58%
甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂等7个药剂进行室内毒力测定，结果表明，58%甲霜灵·锰锌可
湿性粉剂、72%克露可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果较好，抑制中浓度
(E CS。)分别为8.8助留m!、8.6加g/ml与8.8如g/m!，10%宝丽安可湿性粉剂对辣椒疫霉
菌无抑制作用。
将室内毒力测定筛选出的抑菌效果较好的72%克露可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜灵·锰锌
可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂二个药剂进行田间小区药效试验，结果表明，72%克
露可湿性粉剂500倍和58%甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍的防治效果较好，防效分别
达到82.9%和80.2%。同时，以58%甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍为试验药剂，就不同
施药时间和施药次数等防治技术进行对比试验，结果显示，在辣椒疫病发病初期喷药3一4
次较好，而在辣椒地完全无病株出现时施药，防效并不高于在发病初期施药.
关键词:辣椒疫病病原鉴定抗病性防治
Phytophthora blight of pepper, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is one of most destructive soil-borne disease in the world. P. capsici is also pathogenic on several solanaceous and cucubit hosts except for pepper. The incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper occurs popularly in China due to the rapid commercial development of pepper production, improvement of cultivated measures and the extension of different cultivars. Meanwhile, this disease on severity has increased yearly and caused significant economic loss in Guizhou province. In order to control the disease effectively, some researches including field symptom, isolation, purification and identification of isolates, resistance of pepper cultivars currently available have been evaluated in this article. The major results are listed as follows.1. Symptoms of pepper phytophthora blight in fieldThe pathogen can infect pepper at different growth stages beginning with damping-off of seedlings in seed beds. Symptoms in adult plant include root decay; stem cankers on the main stem near the soil-stem interface cause blight, collar rot and wilt; cankers on branches cause partial or entire black spots of the plant and wilt of branches above the spots; leave spots are circular, grayish brown, and water-soaked, and fruit rot are typically covered with white sporangia of pathogen. Fruits are highly susceptible and, in certain environment, fruit rot implicates the most important sign of the disease.2. Isolation and identification of pathogenThe pathogen was isolated using selective medium RCA. Total 67 effective isolates were obtained and purified through cutting the top of mycelium of colony into slope media. The isolates were preserved in paraffin oil or sterile water. Inoculation in green house with pepper seedlings indicated that the isolate were able to infect pepper and cause similar symptom with plants in field.Morphology, physiology and biochemistry, and biological characters were tested on five isolates from different places. The results showed that the pathogen had better growth rate on CA and CMA. CA was best for producing sporangia in 2~3 days. Colony on CA was white and dense or sparse
fluff-like. The diameter of hyphae was l~2.5m. Sporangia morphologies were different. The mean size of sporangia was 43.5~52.7 33.3~38.8m, and the ratio of length and breadth was 1.0~2.3. Sporangia have conspicuous papilla, usually single, sometimes double. Oospores were not produced when single cultured. All isolates could grow from 12, and showed little sensitivity to malachite green (1:8 106) .The capability of utilizing starch varied in different isolates. According to the characteristics of Phytophthora sp., these isolates were identified as Phytophthora capsici Leonian.3. Resistance of pepper varietiesPouring sporangia in soil was used to screen resistance to phytophthora blight among 21 pepper cultivars, which come from Guizhou province. The results showed that Bijiexianjiao, Leishanzhaotianjiao, Zunyichaotianjiao were highly resistant. Qianjiao-2, Suijiao-1, Suijiao-2, Wudang pepper, Zunyi pepper, Xiangla-1, Zaoza-2 were resistant varieties. 6 varieties were middle-resistance and 5 varieties were susceptible. The ratio was 14.3%, 33.3%, 28.6%, 23.8%, respectively.The results of 7 peppers on screening resistance to pepper phytophthora blight in field showed that serial varieties of Xiangyan were highly susceptible, and local varieties such as Zunyichaotianjiao, Xiangla-1 and Suiyanglajiao had better resistance, especially dried pepper varieties.4. Control techniquesGrowth rate method was used to test virulence to P. capsici of fungicides in vitro, such as Cymoxanil, Mancozeb, Kasumn-Bordeaux, Polyoxin A, Metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, Metalaxyl and Mancozeb had better inhibiting effect, the EC50 were 8.80 g/ml, 8.67g/ml and 8.84g/ml, respectively. Polyoxin A was ineffective to P. capsici.Plot test of three fungicides selected in vitro was carried out.The results showed that 58% Metalaxyl WP500X and 72% Cymoxanil WP500X could control disease effectively, and control effic
1．辣椒疫病的田间症状
辣椒疫病可为害处于不同生长阶段的辣椒植株。苗期引起幼苗立枯、猝倒。成株期导致植株根腐，根茎部产生溃疡继而引起植株萎蔫、根茎腐烂和枯萎死亡。枝干上的溃疡发展后产生黑色坏死斑，部分或环绕枝干，引起病部以上枯死。叶片受害后产生圆形、灰褐色、水浸状的坏死斑。果实高度感病，受害后腐烂，在适宜的气候条件下病果覆盖一层白色的霉层，即病菌的孢子囊，这是辣椒疫病最典型的特征。
2．辣椒疫病菌的分离和鉴定
采用选择性培养基SCA直接分离病原菌，从菌落边缘挑取菌丝尖端于斜面培养基上进行纯化并保存。共获得有效分离物67个，回接辣椒其发病症状与田间表现完全一致。
选取不同来源的5个菌株进行形态、生理生化和生物学特性等研究。结果表明，这5个菌株在CA培养基和CMA培养基上生长量大而快，CA培养基上产生孢子囊最快，2～3天即可陆续产生。CA平板上菌落白色，浓密或稀疏绒毛状，菌丝直径1～2.5μm。孢子囊形态多样，多为圆形、近圆形、长椭圆性，孢子囊平均大小为43.5～52.7×33.3～38.8μm，长宽比1.0～2.3，乳突明显，一般单乳突，偶见双乳突。单株培养不产生卵孢子。病菌生长温度范围为12℃～35℃，对浓度为1：8×10~6的孔雀石绿不敏感，部分菌株可利用淀粉作碳源。根据这些特征将这5个菌株鉴定为Phytophthora capsici Leonian。
3．辣椒主栽品种的抗疫病性
采用灌根法对源于贵州的21个辣椒主栽品种进行苗期人工接种鉴定。结果表明，对辣椒疫病表现高抗的品种有毕节线椒、雷山朝天椒、遵义朝天椒，表现抗的品种有黔椒2号、绥椒1号、绥椒2号、乌当辣椒、遵义辣椒、湘辣1号、早杂二号等7个，表现中抗的品种有6个，感病品种5个，分别占鉴定总数的14.3％、33.3％、28.6％和23.8％。
西南农业大学硕士学位论文摘要
旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦旦里里旦旦旦旦
对湘研3号、湘研5号、湘研13号、遵义朝大椒、绥阳辣椒、花溪大辣椒和黔椒l
号等7个品种进行田间抗疫病自然鉴定，结果显示，当地普遍种植的湘研系列大辣椒品
种高度感病，而几个地方品种的抗病性则较好，尤其是遵义朝天椒和绥阳辣椒等干椒品
种。
4.防治技术
利用菌落生长速率法对10%宝丽安可湿性粉剂、72%克露可湿性粉剂、47%加瑞农可
湿性粉剂、75%好速净可湿性粉剂、72%霜消可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂、58%
甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂等7个药剂进行室内毒力测定，结果表明，58%甲霜灵·锰锌可
湿性粉剂、72%克露可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果较好，抑制中浓度
(E CS。)分别为8.8助留m!、8.6加g/ml与8.8如g/m!，10%宝丽安可湿性粉剂对辣椒疫霉
菌无抑制作用。
将室内毒力测定筛选出的抑菌效果较好的72%克露可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜灵·锰锌
可湿性粉剂、80%新万生可湿性粉剂二个药剂进行田间小区药效试验，结果表明，72%克
露可湿性粉剂500倍和58%甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍的防治效果较好，防效分别
达到82.9%和80.2%。同时，以58%甲霜灵·锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍为试验药剂，就不同
施药时间和施药次数等防治技术进行对比试验，结果显示，在辣椒疫病发病初期喷药3一4
次较好，而在辣椒地完全无病株出现时施药，防效并不高于在发病初期施药.
关键词:辣椒疫病病原鉴定抗病性防治
Phytophthora blight of pepper, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is one of most destructive soil-borne disease in the world. P. capsici is also pathogenic on several solanaceous and cucubit hosts except for pepper. The incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper occurs popularly in China due to the rapid commercial development of pepper production, improvement of cultivated measures and the extension of different cultivars. Meanwhile, this disease on severity has increased yearly and caused significant economic loss in Guizhou province. In order to control the disease effectively, some researches including field symptom, isolation, purification and identification of isolates, resistance of pepper cultivars currently available have been evaluated in this article. The major results are listed as follows.1. Symptoms of pepper phytophthora blight in fieldThe pathogen can infect pepper at different growth stages beginning with damping-off of seedlings in seed beds. Symptoms in adult plant include root decay; stem cankers on the main stem near the soil-stem interface cause blight, collar rot and wilt; cankers on branches cause partial or entire black spots of the plant and wilt of branches above the spots; leave spots are circular, grayish brown, and water-soaked, and fruit rot are typically covered with white sporangia of pathogen. Fruits are highly susceptible and, in certain environment, fruit rot implicates the most important sign of the disease.2. Isolation and identification of pathogenThe pathogen was isolated using selective medium RCA. Total 67 effective isolates were obtained and purified through cutting the top of mycelium of colony into slope media. The isolates were preserved in paraffin oil or sterile water. Inoculation in green house with pepper seedlings indicated that the isolate were able to infect pepper and cause similar symptom with plants in field.Morphology, physiology and biochemistry, and biological characters were tested on five isolates from different places. The results showed that the pathogen had better growth rate on CA and CMA. CA was best for producing sporangia in 2~3 days. Colony on CA was white and dense or sparse
fluff-like. The diameter of hyphae was l~2.5m. Sporangia morphologies were different. The mean size of sporangia was 43.5~52.7 33.3~38.8m, and the ratio of length and breadth was 1.0~2.3. Sporangia have conspicuous papilla, usually single, sometimes double. Oospores were not produced when single cultured. All isolates could grow from 12, and showed little sensitivity to malachite green (1:8 106) .The capability of utilizing starch varied in different isolates. According to the characteristics of Phytophthora sp., these isolates were identified as Phytophthora capsici Leonian.3. Resistance of pepper varietiesPouring sporangia in soil was used to screen resistance to phytophthora blight among 21 pepper cultivars, which come from Guizhou province. The results showed that Bijiexianjiao, Leishanzhaotianjiao, Zunyichaotianjiao were highly resistant. Qianjiao-2, Suijiao-1, Suijiao-2, Wudang pepper, Zunyi pepper, Xiangla-1, Zaoza-2 were resistant varieties. 6 varieties were middle-resistance and 5 varieties were susceptible. The ratio was 14.3%, 33.3%, 28.6%, 23.8%, respectively.The results of 7 peppers on screening resistance to pepper phytophthora blight in field showed that serial varieties of Xiangyan were highly susceptible, and local varieties such as Zunyichaotianjiao, Xiangla-1 and Suiyanglajiao had better resistance, especially dried pepper varieties.4. Control techniquesGrowth rate method was used to test virulence to P. capsici of fungicides in vitro, such as Cymoxanil, Mancozeb, Kasumn-Bordeaux, Polyoxin A, Metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, Metalaxyl and Mancozeb had better inhibiting effect, the EC50 were 8.80 g/ml, 8.67g/ml and 8.84g/ml, respectively. Polyoxin A was ineffective to P. capsici.Plot test of three fungicides selected in vitro was carried out.The results showed that 58% Metalaxyl WP500X and 72% Cymoxanil WP500X could control disease effectively, and control effic
引文
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24 Mozzetti, C., Ferraris, L., Tamietti, G., et al. Variation in enzyme activities in leaves and cell suspensions as markers of incompatibility in different Phytophthora-pepper interactions. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 1995 (46) : 95～107
25 方文慧，葛长鹏，常彩涛．(甜)辣椒疫病病圃鉴定方法的初步研究．中国蔬菜．1995(3)：50～53
26 Palloix, A., Daubeze, A. M. and Pochard, E. Time sequences of root infection and resistance expression in an artificial inoculation method of pepper with Phytophthora capsici. J. Phytopathology. 1988 (123) : 12～24
27 冯东昕，李宝栋．辣椒疫病病原菌及抗病育种研究进展．中国蔬菜．1999(2)：48～52
28 Hartman, G. L. and Wang, F. C. Phytophthora blight of pepper: screening for disease resistance. Tropical Pest Management. 1992, 38(3) : 319～322
29 Ortega, R. C., Eepanoi, C. P. and Zueco, L C. Pepper response to Phytophthora capsici Leon zoospore inoculation. Capsicum news. 1984 (3) : 33～34
30 王兰兰，程鸿．辣椒苗期抗疫病鉴定及抗性机制的研究．甘肃农业科技．1996(3)：37～39
31 李林，齐军山，李氏松，等．主要辣椒品种对疫病、根腐病的抗性鉴定．山东农业科学．2001(2)：29～30
32 Gilortega, R., Esponol, C. P. and Zueco, J. C. Genetic relationship among four pepper genotypes resistant to Phytophthora capsici. Plant Breeding. 1992 (108) : 118～125
33 Fernandez, M.C. Evaluation of sweet chilli and pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes for resistance to Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Agricultura Tecnica. 1988 (48) : 359～362
34 Smith, P. G., Kimble, K. A., Guogan, R. G, et al. Inheritance of resistance in peppers to Phytophthora root rot. Phytopathology. 1967 (57) : 377～379
35 Kim, B. S., et al. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial spot and Phytophthora blight in peppers. Journal of Korean Society for Horticultural Science. 1990 (31) : 350～357
36 Barksdale, T. H., Papavizas, G. C. and Johnston, G. A. Resistance to foliar blight and crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Disease. 1984 (68) : 506～509
37 Bartul, M., et al. Gene action in the resistance of peppers (Capsicum annuum) to Phytophthora stem blight (Phytophthora capsici L.). Euphytica. 1991 (54) :195～200
38 Hwang, B. K., Kim, W. B, and Kim, W.K. Ultrastrueture at the host-parasite interface of Phytophthora capsici in roots and stems of Capsicum annuum. J. Phytopathology. 1989 (5): 40～48
39
39 Jeun, Y.C., Hwang, B.K. Carbohydrate, amino acids, phenolic and mineral nutrient contents of pepper plants in relation to age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsic. J. Phytopathology. 1991 (132): 129～138
40 Alcazar, M. D., Egea, C., Espin, A., et al. Peroxidase isoenzymes in the defense response of Capsicum annuum to Phytophthora capsic. Physiologin Plantarum. 1995 (94): 736～742
41 Candela, M. E., Acla' zar, M. D., Espin, A., et al. Soluble phenolic acids in Capsicum annuum stems infected with Phytophthora capsic. Plant Pathology. 1995 (44): 116～123
42 何晓明，巩振辉，王鸣，等．辣椒抗病育种的进展与展望．1995(2)：55～59
43 任华中，沈火林．辣椒抗疫病遗传与育种研究进展．中国农业大学学报．1996，1(3)：71～76
44 Saini, S. S., et al. Inheritance of resistance to fruit rot (Phytophthora capsic Leon.) and induction of resistance in bell pepper. Euphytica. 1978 (27): 721～723
45 Palloix, A., et al. Breeding transgressive lines of pepper for resistance to Phytophthora capsic in a recurrent selection system. Euphytica. 1990 (51): 141～150
46 Gilortega, R., et al. Response of pepper to inoculation with Phytophthora capsic at different day length and temperature. Capdicum Newsletter. 1987 (6): 68～69
47 詹佑良，袁世佳，雷蕾，等．辣椒疫病发生规律及防治研究．西南农业学报．1991，4(2)：91～95
48 吕和平，刘永刚，杜惠，等．辣椒疫病综合治理技术及应用．植物保护．2001，27(1)：21～23
49 邵见阳，马辉刚，苏玲．辣椒疫霉病菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性的研究．江西农业学报．1998，10(4)：46～50
50 Pennisi, A. M., and Agosteo, G. E. Insensitivity to metalaxyl among isolates of Phytophthora capsic causing root and crown rot of pepper in Southern Italy. Plant Disease. 1998,82 (11): 1283～1286
51 李宝笃，李梅，沈崇尧．“霜霉威(Propamocarb)”“甲霜灵(Metalaxyl)”对我国辣椒疫霉菌作用方式比较及交互抗性的研究．植物病理学报．1995，24(2)：169～174
52 王文桥．刘国容．卵菌对内吸杀菌剂的抗药性及对策．植物病理学报．1996，26(4)：294～296
53 Foster, H., Adaskaveg, J. E., and Kim, D.H. Effects of phosphite on tomato and pepper plants and on susceptibility of pepper to Phytophthora root and crown rotin hydroponic culture. Plant Disease. 1998, 82 (10): 1165～1170
54 吕和平，郭满库，陈雨天．等．农业措施对辣椒疫病的生态控制效应．甘肃农业科技．1998 (3)：43～45
55
55 程子林，张建树，关铁栋，等．采用嫁接方法防治青椒疫病的研究．天津农业科学．1998，4(4)：29～32
56 朱宗源，周新根，宋荣浩．用生物制剂防治青椒疫病．上海农业学报．1995，11(1)：64～68
57 Cool, R.J. Advances in plant health management in the twentieth century. Annu. Rev. Phytopathology. 2000 (38): 95～116
58 Stephen, A.J. Ecologically based approaches to management of Phytophthora blight on bell pepper. Plant Disease. 1999,83 (12): 1080～1089
59 郑小波．疫霉菌及其研究技术[M]．北京：中国农业出版社．1997，10～132．
60 毛爱军，胡洽，耿三省，等．辣(甜)椒疫病菌致病力及接种浓度．北京农业科学．1997，15(1)：35～37
61 彭相儒，刘文朴，程秉铨，等．乌鲁木齐地区辣椒疫霉病田间症状及其病原菌分离鉴定．新疆农业科学．1998(3)：126～128
62 Bowers, J. H. and Mitchell, D.J. Relationship between inoculum level of Phytophthora capsici and mortality of pepper. Phytopathology. 1991, 81(2): 178～184
63 陆家云，龚龙英，何汉兴．疫霉属(Phytophthora)真菌生物学及分类研究[J]．南京农学院学报，1984(1)：20～31
64 Ho, H. H. Synoptic keys to the species of Phytophthora. Mycologia. 1981(73): 705～714
65 Waterhouse, G.M. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol. Pap. 1963(92): 1～22
66 Kim, E. S. and Hwang, B. K, Virulence to Korean pepper cultivars of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant disease. 1992, 76(5): 486～489
2 方中达，陆家云．叶钟音，等．中国农业百科全书植物病理学卷．北京：农业出版社．1996，274～275
3 马辉刚．云南辣椒疫病菌种的鉴定．云南农业大学学报．1988，3(2)：127～130
4 易图永，谢丙炎，张宝玺，等．辣椒疫病防治研究进展．中国蔬菜．2002(5)：52～55
5 沈崇尧，王有琪．田林，等．甘肃省辣椒疫病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究．云南农业大学学报．1990，5(2)：72～77
6 贾菊生．新疆辣椒疫病及防治研究．植物病理学报．1992，22(3)：257～262
7 吕佩珂，李明远，吴钜文．中国蔬菜病虫原色图谱．北京：农业出版社．1998，71～72
8 周启明等．辣椒疫病的调查研究．中国蔬菜．1984(1)：40～43
9 王志田，史载诚，赵林安，等．哈密地区辣椒疫霉菌的鉴定及部分生物学测定．新疆农业科学．1990(2)：69～71
10 王燕华等．上海地区甜椒疫病菌的初步研究．上海农业科学．1982(1)：20～21
11 程芸等．青椒疫病为北京地区青椒死秧的主要原因．植物病理学报．1988，18(1)：7～11
12 刘建华，杨宇红，卢鉴植，等．辣椒种质资源对疫霉的抗病性鉴定研究．湖南农业科学．1998(3)：30～31
13 Hord, M. J. and Ristaino, J.B. Effects of physical and chemical factors on the germination of oospores of Phytophthora capsici in vitro. Phytopathology, 1991(81): 1541～1546
14 Kim, F. S. and Hwang, B.K. Virulence to Korea pepper cultivars of Phytophthora capsici form different geographic areas. Plant Disease, 1992 (76) : 486～489
15 王得元，安康，王汝贤．广州市辣椒疫病病原鉴定．广东农业科学．2001(1)：37～39
16 Polach, F. J. and Webster, R. K. Identification of strains and inheritance of pathogenicity in Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology. 1972 (62) : 20～26
17 Hwang, B. K., de Cock, A. W. A. M., Bahnweg, G. et al. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA among Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper (Capsicum annuum). Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1991 (14) : 111～116
18 Ristaino, J. B. and Johnston, S.A. Ecologically based approaches to management of Phytophthora blight on bell pepper. Plant Disease. 1999, 83(12) : 1080～1088
19 戚仁德，丁建成．顾江涛，等．辣椒疫霉致病力分化的初步研究．植物保护学报．2002，6(2)：189～190
20 Kimble, K. A. and Grogan, R. G. Resistance to Phytophthora root rot in pepper. Plant Disease Reporter. 1960 (44) : 872～873
21
21 林柏青，张松林．辣椒品种抗疫病鉴定方法的初步研究．中国蔬菜．1994(4)：21～24
22 毛爱军，胡洽，耿三省．辣椒疫病菌接种鉴定技术研究．北京农业科学．1998，16(2)：21～24
23 Kim, Y. J., Hwang, B. K. and Park, K.W. Expression of age -related resistance in pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. Plant Disease. 1989 (73) : 745～747
24 Mozzetti, C., Ferraris, L., Tamietti, G., et al. Variation in enzyme activities in leaves and cell suspensions as markers of incompatibility in different Phytophthora-pepper interactions. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 1995 (46) : 95～107
25 方文慧，葛长鹏，常彩涛．(甜)辣椒疫病病圃鉴定方法的初步研究．中国蔬菜．1995(3)：50～53
26 Palloix, A., Daubeze, A. M. and Pochard, E. Time sequences of root infection and resistance expression in an artificial inoculation method of pepper with Phytophthora capsici. J. Phytopathology. 1988 (123) : 12～24
27 冯东昕，李宝栋．辣椒疫病病原菌及抗病育种研究进展．中国蔬菜．1999(2)：48～52
28 Hartman, G. L. and Wang, F. C. Phytophthora blight of pepper: screening for disease resistance. Tropical Pest Management. 1992, 38(3) : 319～322
29 Ortega, R. C., Eepanoi, C. P. and Zueco, L C. Pepper response to Phytophthora capsici Leon zoospore inoculation. Capsicum news. 1984 (3) : 33～34
30 王兰兰，程鸿．辣椒苗期抗疫病鉴定及抗性机制的研究．甘肃农业科技．1996(3)：37～39
31 李林，齐军山，李氏松，等．主要辣椒品种对疫病、根腐病的抗性鉴定．山东农业科学．2001(2)：29～30
32 Gilortega, R., Esponol, C. P. and Zueco, J. C. Genetic relationship among four pepper genotypes resistant to Phytophthora capsici. Plant Breeding. 1992 (108) : 118～125
33 Fernandez, M.C. Evaluation of sweet chilli and pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes for resistance to Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Agricultura Tecnica. 1988 (48) : 359～362
34 Smith, P. G., Kimble, K. A., Guogan, R. G, et al. Inheritance of resistance in peppers to Phytophthora root rot. Phytopathology. 1967 (57) : 377～379
35 Kim, B. S., et al. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial spot and Phytophthora blight in peppers. Journal of Korean Society for Horticultural Science. 1990 (31) : 350～357
36 Barksdale, T. H., Papavizas, G. C. and Johnston, G. A. Resistance to foliar blight and crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Disease. 1984 (68) : 506～509
37 Bartul, M., et al. Gene action in the resistance of peppers (Capsicum annuum) to Phytophthora stem blight (Phytophthora capsici L.). Euphytica. 1991 (54) :195～200
38 Hwang, B. K., Kim, W. B, and Kim, W.K. Ultrastrueture at the host-parasite interface of Phytophthora capsici in roots and stems of Capsicum annuum. J. Phytopathology. 1989 (5): 40～48
39
39 Jeun, Y.C., Hwang, B.K. Carbohydrate, amino acids, phenolic and mineral nutrient contents of pepper plants in relation to age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsic. J. Phytopathology. 1991 (132): 129～138
40 Alcazar, M. D., Egea, C., Espin, A., et al. Peroxidase isoenzymes in the defense response of Capsicum annuum to Phytophthora capsic. Physiologin Plantarum. 1995 (94): 736～742
41 Candela, M. E., Acla' zar, M. D., Espin, A., et al. Soluble phenolic acids in Capsicum annuum stems infected with Phytophthora capsic. Plant Pathology. 1995 (44): 116～123
42 何晓明，巩振辉，王鸣，等．辣椒抗病育种的进展与展望．1995(2)：55～59
43 任华中，沈火林．辣椒抗疫病遗传与育种研究进展．中国农业大学学报．1996，1(3)：71～76
44 Saini, S. S., et al. Inheritance of resistance to fruit rot (Phytophthora capsic Leon.) and induction of resistance in bell pepper. Euphytica. 1978 (27): 721～723
45 Palloix, A., et al. Breeding transgressive lines of pepper for resistance to Phytophthora capsic in a recurrent selection system. Euphytica. 1990 (51): 141～150
46 Gilortega, R., et al. Response of pepper to inoculation with Phytophthora capsic at different day length and temperature. Capdicum Newsletter. 1987 (6): 68～69
47 詹佑良，袁世佳，雷蕾，等．辣椒疫病发生规律及防治研究．西南农业学报．1991，4(2)：91～95
48 吕和平，刘永刚，杜惠，等．辣椒疫病综合治理技术及应用．植物保护．2001，27(1)：21～23
49 邵见阳，马辉刚，苏玲．辣椒疫霉病菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性的研究．江西农业学报．1998，10(4)：46～50
50 Pennisi, A. M., and Agosteo, G. E. Insensitivity to metalaxyl among isolates of Phytophthora capsic causing root and crown rot of pepper in Southern Italy. Plant Disease. 1998,82 (11): 1283～1286
51 李宝笃，李梅，沈崇尧．“霜霉威(Propamocarb)”“甲霜灵(Metalaxyl)”对我国辣椒疫霉菌作用方式比较及交互抗性的研究．植物病理学报．1995，24(2)：169～174
52 王文桥．刘国容．卵菌对内吸杀菌剂的抗药性及对策．植物病理学报．1996，26(4)：294～296
53 Foster, H., Adaskaveg, J. E., and Kim, D.H. Effects of phosphite on tomato and pepper plants and on susceptibility of pepper to Phytophthora root and crown rotin hydroponic culture. Plant Disease. 1998, 82 (10): 1165～1170
54 吕和平，郭满库，陈雨天．等．农业措施对辣椒疫病的生态控制效应．甘肃农业科技．1998 (3)：43～45
55
55 程子林，张建树，关铁栋，等．采用嫁接方法防治青椒疫病的研究．天津农业科学．1998，4(4)：29～32
56 朱宗源，周新根，宋荣浩．用生物制剂防治青椒疫病．上海农业学报．1995，11(1)：64～68
57 Cool, R.J. Advances in plant health management in the twentieth century. Annu. Rev. Phytopathology. 2000 (38): 95～116
58 Stephen, A.J. Ecologically based approaches to management of Phytophthora blight on bell pepper. Plant Disease. 1999,83 (12): 1080～1089
59 郑小波．疫霉菌及其研究技术[M]．北京：中国农业出版社．1997，10～132．
60 毛爱军，胡洽，耿三省，等．辣(甜)椒疫病菌致病力及接种浓度．北京农业科学．1997，15(1)：35～37
61 彭相儒，刘文朴，程秉铨，等．乌鲁木齐地区辣椒疫霉病田间症状及其病原菌分离鉴定．新疆农业科学．1998(3)：126～128
62 Bowers, J. H. and Mitchell, D.J. Relationship between inoculum level of Phytophthora capsici and mortality of pepper. Phytopathology. 1991, 81(2): 178～184
63 陆家云，龚龙英，何汉兴．疫霉属(Phytophthora)真菌生物学及分类研究[J]．南京农学院学报，1984(1)：20～31
64 Ho, H. H. Synoptic keys to the species of Phytophthora. Mycologia. 1981(73): 705～714
65 Waterhouse, G.M. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol. Pap. 1963(92): 1～22
66 Kim, E. S. and Hwang, B. K, Virulence to Korean pepper cultivars of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant disease. 1992, 76(5): 486～489