饲粮不同锰水平对蛋雏鸭生产性能及生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验选用1日龄体重相近的金定鸭母鸭雏105只，在笼养条件下，随机分为7个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复5只试鸭。外加锰水平分别为：0mg/kg、30mg/kg、60mg/kg、90mg/kg、120mg/kg、150mg/kg、1000mg/kg，组成7种不同饲粮。研究饲粮中添加不同水平硫酸锰对笼养蛋雏鸭生产性能、营养物质利用率、血清生化指标以及组织矿物元素沉积的影响。
饲养试验结果表明，饲粮锰水平对雏鸭体增重的影响各组之间差异不显著（P>0.05），补锰90mg/kg组日增重最高，饲粮锰水平影响雏鸭日采食量和饲料转化率（P<0.05），采食量补锰60mg/kg组最低，补锰90mg/kg组次之，饲料转化率补锰60mg/kg组最低，补锰90mg/kg次之。
代谢试验结果表明，蛋白质利用率补锰90mg/kg组最高。饲粮锰水平不影响磷的利用率（P>0.05）。饲粮锰水平不同，锰的利用率也不同，有随着饲粮锰水平的升高而降低的趋势。补锰1000mg/kg组显著降低了Zn、Mg、Ca的利用率（P<0.05）。
采血试验结果表明，随着饲粮锰水平的升高，血清、肝脏MnSOD的活性有升高的趋势，心脏MnSOD没有显著变化（P>0.05），不加锰组血清、肝脏、心脏MnSOD的活性最低。随着饲粮锰水平的升高，血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇含量升高，尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、甘油三酯降低，血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白没有显著变化（P>0.05），碱性磷酸酶的活性升高，谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性的变化没有规律。
屠宰试验结果表明，饲粮不同锰水平对雏鸭心脏、肝脏、肾脏锰沉积的影响差异不显著（P>0.05），但有随着饲粮锰水平的升高而增加的趋势，而胰腺锰的沉积量则随着饲粮锰水平的升高先增加后降低。补锰1000mg/kg组降低了心脏和肝脏铁、肝脏镁和肾脏钙的沉积，锰水平过高、过低都不利于胰腺铁、钙的沉积。饲粮不同锰水平影响雏鸭胫骨锰的沉积量（p<0.05），随着饲粮锰水平的升高，胫骨锰的沉积量增加，且对其他几种矿物元素的沉积均有不同程度的影响，不加锰组胫骨Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、P的沉积量均较低。补锰1000mg/kg组胫骨Fe、Mg、P的沉积量均最低。
In the experiment,105 jinding ducks (one day) were assigned to seven groups randomly with three replicates of five ducks per group under the condition of cage-rearing. Each group was fed with manganese contents of 0mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 120mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 1000mg/kg respectively. The experiment was conducted to study the performance, nutrient efficiency, blood serum biochemical traits and the mineral element in tissue of cage-rearing young ducks (one day).
The results of rearing experiment showed that the different level of manganese had no significant effect on weight gain（P>0.05）. In the trial, the group IV had the highest daily weight gain among all groups. The different level of manganese could effect the feed intake and feed utilization significantly（P<0.05）. The feed intake and feed utilization of the group Ⅲ was the lowest among all groups.
The results of metabolic trail showed that the group IV had the highest utilization of protein, and there was no significant effect on the utilization of phosphor among all groups（P>0.05）. There had the trend of decrease with growth of the level of manganese. And there was a significant decline on the utilization of zinc, magnesium, calcium on group VII（P<0.05）.
The results of blood sampling trial thowed that the activity of MnSOD in serum and liver had an increasing trend, and no significant change in heart（P>0.05）, and the activity of MnSOD in serum, liver and heart of group I was the lowest. With the growth of manganese, the concentation of GLU, CHOL and ALP in serum increased significantly, but the concentation of BUN, CRE, URIC, TG in serum decreased significantly, the concentation of TP, ALB, BIB in serum had no significant change（P>0.05）, the and the change of AST and ALT in serum had no orderliness.
The result of slaughter trial showed that there was no significant effect on manganese sediment in heart, liver and kidney of duckings（P>0.05）. With the growth of the manganese, there was a trend to improve, and at first the sediment of manganese in pancreas increased, then decreased. The sediment of iron in heart and liver, magnesium in liver and calcium in
kidney decreased in group VII, and more or less level of manganese couldn’t avail the sediment of iron and calcium in pancreas. There was a significant effect on the manganese sediment in tibia（P<0.05）, which tended to increase with the growth of manganese and had the effect of different degree on the other mineral elements sediment. The sediment of zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium and phosphor in tibia of group I was lower than other groups. The sediment of iron, magnesium and phosphor in tibia of group VII was the lowest among all groups.
Master Candidate: Ren Haiying
Supervisor: Prof. Wang An
Major: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
饲养试验结果表明，饲粮锰水平对雏鸭体增重的影响各组之间差异不显著（P>0.05），补锰90mg/kg组日增重最高，饲粮锰水平影响雏鸭日采食量和饲料转化率（P<0.05），采食量补锰60mg/kg组最低，补锰90mg/kg组次之，饲料转化率补锰60mg/kg组最低，补锰90mg/kg次之。
代谢试验结果表明，蛋白质利用率补锰90mg/kg组最高。饲粮锰水平不影响磷的利用率（P>0.05）。饲粮锰水平不同，锰的利用率也不同，有随着饲粮锰水平的升高而降低的趋势。补锰1000mg/kg组显著降低了Zn、Mg、Ca的利用率（P<0.05）。
采血试验结果表明，随着饲粮锰水平的升高，血清、肝脏MnSOD的活性有升高的趋势，心脏MnSOD没有显著变化（P>0.05），不加锰组血清、肝脏、心脏MnSOD的活性最低。随着饲粮锰水平的升高，血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇含量升高，尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、甘油三酯降低，血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白没有显著变化（P>0.05），碱性磷酸酶的活性升高，谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性的变化没有规律。
屠宰试验结果表明，饲粮不同锰水平对雏鸭心脏、肝脏、肾脏锰沉积的影响差异不显著（P>0.05），但有随着饲粮锰水平的升高而增加的趋势，而胰腺锰的沉积量则随着饲粮锰水平的升高先增加后降低。补锰1000mg/kg组降低了心脏和肝脏铁、肝脏镁和肾脏钙的沉积，锰水平过高、过低都不利于胰腺铁、钙的沉积。饲粮不同锰水平影响雏鸭胫骨锰的沉积量（p<0.05），随着饲粮锰水平的升高，胫骨锰的沉积量增加，且对其他几种矿物元素的沉积均有不同程度的影响，不加锰组胫骨Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、P的沉积量均较低。补锰1000mg/kg组胫骨Fe、Mg、P的沉积量均最低。
In the experiment,105 jinding ducks (one day) were assigned to seven groups randomly with three replicates of five ducks per group under the condition of cage-rearing. Each group was fed with manganese contents of 0mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 120mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 1000mg/kg respectively. The experiment was conducted to study the performance, nutrient efficiency, blood serum biochemical traits and the mineral element in tissue of cage-rearing young ducks (one day).
The results of rearing experiment showed that the different level of manganese had no significant effect on weight gain（P>0.05）. In the trial, the group IV had the highest daily weight gain among all groups. The different level of manganese could effect the feed intake and feed utilization significantly（P<0.05）. The feed intake and feed utilization of the group Ⅲ was the lowest among all groups.
The results of metabolic trail showed that the group IV had the highest utilization of protein, and there was no significant effect on the utilization of phosphor among all groups（P>0.05）. There had the trend of decrease with growth of the level of manganese. And there was a significant decline on the utilization of zinc, magnesium, calcium on group VII（P<0.05）.
The results of blood sampling trial thowed that the activity of MnSOD in serum and liver had an increasing trend, and no significant change in heart（P>0.05）, and the activity of MnSOD in serum, liver and heart of group I was the lowest. With the growth of manganese, the concentation of GLU, CHOL and ALP in serum increased significantly, but the concentation of BUN, CRE, URIC, TG in serum decreased significantly, the concentation of TP, ALB, BIB in serum had no significant change（P>0.05）, the and the change of AST and ALT in serum had no orderliness.
The result of slaughter trial showed that there was no significant effect on manganese sediment in heart, liver and kidney of duckings（P>0.05）. With the growth of the manganese, there was a trend to improve, and at first the sediment of manganese in pancreas increased, then decreased. The sediment of iron in heart and liver, magnesium in liver and calcium in
kidney decreased in group VII, and more or less level of manganese couldn’t avail the sediment of iron and calcium in pancreas. There was a significant effect on the manganese sediment in tibia（P<0.05）, which tended to increase with the growth of manganese and had the effect of different degree on the other mineral elements sediment. The sediment of zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium and phosphor in tibia of group I was lower than other groups. The sediment of iron, magnesium and phosphor in tibia of group VII was the lowest among all groups.
Master Candidate: Ren Haiying
Supervisor: Prof. Wang An
Major: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
引文
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曹盛丰.锰与畜禽的生长和生殖.上海农学院学报.1987, 5(1):79-84
曹盛丰, 叶陈梁, 陈希玉等.锰对公鸡琥珀酸脱氢酶活性及曲细精管中精子密度的影响.中国畜牧杂志.1991, 27(2):8-12
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