流态化预氧化及炭化焦油消除控制系统研究
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摘要
本文在综述国内外计算机控制系统的现状及发展趋势的基础上,结合我国碳纤维研究的实际需求,研制了一套用于流态化预氧化及炭化焦油消除的计算机控制系统,并开发了配套的上位机监控软件。
该系统采用分布式结构,具有温度监控、牵伸控制、保护气氛监控、流量控制功能。其中温度控制采用自适应PID控制,配合先进的混合控制策略,升温速度快,控温精度高;牵伸控制采用先进的伺服电机调速取代传统的步进电机调速,调节更灵活、精确,噪音低;保护气氛监控通过监控氮气中微量氧和微量水分的含量,配合相应的气体净化设备,既可保证炭化质量,又可降低成本。
上位机软件利用Windows API函数实现串行通信,可以运行于Windows 98/2000/XP多个系统下;使用多线程技术提高了系统性能;监控画面可同时显示多条控制参数变化曲线,并具有强大的定制功能;数据处理及伺服电机监控界面友好,操作简单;软件开发充分利用了成熟的技术,运行稳定,可靠性高。
系统已配合863课题需求投入实验运行。运行结果表明:控制系统设计合理,控制准确,运行稳定,上位机软件具有良好的人机界面,功能完善,达到了设计要求。
通过对实验数据的分析,初步建立了流态化预氧炉传热温度(T)—时间(t)模型,应用该模型计算数据与实验数据吻合。在此模型基础上,编写了工艺仿真程序。
In this paper, a set of computer controlling system was developed to control fluidized pre-oxidation status and eliminate carbonization tar according to the actual needs of domestic carbon fiber research based on a general view of the present situation and development tendency of computer controlling system home and abroad. Meanwhile a supervising computer software was also developed to satisfy the requirements for the controlling system.The system is a distributed controlling system which owns four main functions described as temperature monitoring and controlling, movement driving controlling, protective gas monitoring and flow volume controlling.A self-adaptive PID controlling module was used to control temperature precisely complied with advanced compound controlling strategy, which reached a controlling index of fast temperature rising speed and accurate controlling level. Servo motor system was used to adjust movement speed instead of using convential stepping motors .which is more flexible and precise with low noise. The protective gas monitoring module can reduce the production cost and improve the carbon fiber quality by monitoring the minim oxygen and water content of gas purified by corresponding apparatuses.The software achieves serial commucation by using Windows API functions and can run on Windows 98/2000/XP OS. The application of multithreading technology improves the system performance. The monitoring interface can display several varying curves of controlling parameters and has many customization functions. The data processing module and servo motor controlling module have friendly interfaces and can be operated simply. The software development adopts many mature technologies so that it is stable and reliable.The system has been put into practice according to the requirement of 863 Projects. The on field application results has shown that the system has many
properties, such as correct design, accurate controlling, running stability, friendly software interface and perfect functions, which satisfys the designing needs.A temperature-time model of pre-oxidation furnace heating process has been induced by analyzing the experiment data. The calculated data using this model fits the experiment data well.A process simulation program was developed based on the temperature-time model.
该系统采用分布式结构,具有温度监控、牵伸控制、保护气氛监控、流量控制功能。其中温度控制采用自适应PID控制,配合先进的混合控制策略,升温速度快,控温精度高;牵伸控制采用先进的伺服电机调速取代传统的步进电机调速,调节更灵活、精确,噪音低;保护气氛监控通过监控氮气中微量氧和微量水分的含量,配合相应的气体净化设备,既可保证炭化质量,又可降低成本。
上位机软件利用Windows API函数实现串行通信,可以运行于Windows 98/2000/XP多个系统下;使用多线程技术提高了系统性能;监控画面可同时显示多条控制参数变化曲线,并具有强大的定制功能;数据处理及伺服电机监控界面友好,操作简单;软件开发充分利用了成熟的技术,运行稳定,可靠性高。
系统已配合863课题需求投入实验运行。运行结果表明:控制系统设计合理,控制准确,运行稳定,上位机软件具有良好的人机界面,功能完善,达到了设计要求。
通过对实验数据的分析,初步建立了流态化预氧炉传热温度(T)—时间(t)模型,应用该模型计算数据与实验数据吻合。在此模型基础上,编写了工艺仿真程序。
In this paper, a set of computer controlling system was developed to control fluidized pre-oxidation status and eliminate carbonization tar according to the actual needs of domestic carbon fiber research based on a general view of the present situation and development tendency of computer controlling system home and abroad. Meanwhile a supervising computer software was also developed to satisfy the requirements for the controlling system.The system is a distributed controlling system which owns four main functions described as temperature monitoring and controlling, movement driving controlling, protective gas monitoring and flow volume controlling.A self-adaptive PID controlling module was used to control temperature precisely complied with advanced compound controlling strategy, which reached a controlling index of fast temperature rising speed and accurate controlling level. Servo motor system was used to adjust movement speed instead of using convential stepping motors .which is more flexible and precise with low noise. The protective gas monitoring module can reduce the production cost and improve the carbon fiber quality by monitoring the minim oxygen and water content of gas purified by corresponding apparatuses.The software achieves serial commucation by using Windows API functions and can run on Windows 98/2000/XP OS. The application of multithreading technology improves the system performance. The monitoring interface can display several varying curves of controlling parameters and has many customization functions. The data processing module and servo motor controlling module have friendly interfaces and can be operated simply. The software development adopts many mature technologies so that it is stable and reliable.The system has been put into practice according to the requirement of 863 Projects. The on field application results has shown that the system has many
properties, such as correct design, accurate controlling, running stability, friendly software interface and perfect functions, which satisfys the designing needs.A temperature-time model of pre-oxidation furnace heating process has been induced by analyzing the experiment data. The calculated data using this model fits the experiment data well.A process simulation program was developed based on the temperature-time model.
引文
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[2] 任国强.碳纤维及原丝的发展动态.石油化工技术经济[J],2001,17 (5):42-45.
[3] 李奎学,邓爱琴.聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的开发与展望.黑龙江石油化工[J],1999,10(3):16-18.
[4] 邓延波.碳纤维的制备应用和市场前景.甘肃化工[J],2001,6:61-62.
[5] 谋求世界化纤业的发展与繁荣--第10届中国国际化纤会议扫描[EB/OL].http://www.21textile.com/texnews/news.asp?newsid=15365&typeid=6,2004-10-22.
[6] 徐淑琼.聚炳烯腈原丝预氧化设备及温度控制特性的研究[D].山东大学硕士论文,2003.
[7] 金涌,祝京旭,汪展文等.流态化工程原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[8] 张桂香,王辉.计算机控制技术[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1999:3-9,42-49.
[9] 候朝桢.分布式计算机控制系统[M].北京:北京理工大学大学出版社,1997:15-41,105-136.
[10] 林敏,薛红.计算机控制技术与系统[M].中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[11] 朱波,蔡旬,钱宇白等.新型碳纤维生产线计算机控制系统研制.工业加热[J].2002,31(1).
[12] 何希才,薛永毅.传感器及其应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[13] 王雪文,张志勇.传感器原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[14] 姚素薇,郭萌.氧传感器的研究与应用[J].传感器世界,2004,10(3):6-7.
[15] 梁国伟,蔡武昌.流量测量技术及仪表[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[16] 钱宇白,朱波.材料加热设备及自动控制[M].山东:山东大学出版社.2000.
[17] 朱波.流态化热处理炉渗碳过程数学模型及其应用研究[D].北京科技大学博士论文,1996.
[18] 涂承宇,涂承媛等.模糊控制理论与实践[M].北京:地震出版社,1998:4-56.
[19] 孙增圻.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997:16-62,240-274.
[20] 朱麟章.过程控制系统及设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[21] 邵惠鹤.工业过程高级控制[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997.
[22] 周明.现场总线控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[23] PMAC2 User Manual[R]. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. 2003.
[24] 宋德玉.可编程序控制器原理及应用系统设计技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.
[25] 张会敏,何永义.Fuzzy-PID算法在炉温控制中的应用.自动化与仪器仪表[J],2002,3.
[26] 刘金琨.先进PID控制MatLab仿真(第2版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[27] 张志涌.精通MatLab6.5版[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[28] 张云生.实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[29] Visual C++5开发使用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[30] Steven Holzner. Visual Basic6技术内幕[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[31] MSDN Library-July 2001[R]. Microsoft Corporation, 2001.
[32] 沈美明,温冬婵.IBM-PC汇编语言程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995:250-254.
[33] Charles A. Mirho, Andre Terrisse. Windows 95通信编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[34] PMAC2 Software Reference Manual[R]. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. 2003.
[35] 胡守信,李伯年.基于MatLab的数学实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.