城市污水污泥干化焚烧工艺的碳排放研究
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摘要
随着中国城市化进程的加快和人们环境保护的意识的加强,每年集中到城市污水处理厂处理的污水总量逐年增加,由此产生的处理副产物,城市污水污泥的量也急剧增加。巨大的污水污泥产量已给相关部门带来严重的困扰,寻找一种有效地污泥处理方式是非常必要的。污泥处理的基本原则是对污泥进行“减量化”、“资源化”、“无害化”处理。干化焚烧处理污泥以一种资源化的处理方式,经过干化焚烧处理后的污泥,剩余物质很少,便于运输和最终处置；另外,干化焚烧过程中把污泥中有毒害性物质彻底去除,有效避免了二次污染。因此,污泥干化焚烧工艺是一种可供选择的污泥处理工艺。另一方面,随着全球气候变化和各种极端恶劣天气的频发,二氧化碳等温室气体的排放问题引起了相关组织和机构的关注,目前,碳排放问题已成为环境保护方面的世界性课题。
本文通过调研收集我国某市第一污水处理厂的污泥泥质资料,然后从理论上计算干化焚烧工艺中主要能量消耗,并统计分析处理过程中能量需求与污泥有机份含量、干化污泥含水率等因素的关系,最后,通过处理过程中的能量需求计算出相应的二氧化碳排放量。
通过对污泥干化焚烧工艺进行研究,并从理论上计算出该处理过程的能量需求和二氧化碳排放量,对以后在污泥处理的方法选择,污水处理厂的工艺设计以及污泥处理工艺可行性等方面的问题研究上都具有重要的参考价值。
The increasingly rapid process of urbanization in China and the strengthening of people's awareness on environmental protection, the total amount of sewage disposed to the urban sewage treatment plant is increased year on year, which also generates severer by-product, sewage and sludge disposal load. At present, confronted with the troubles caused by the enormous amount of sewage and sludge, it is of great necessity to find an effective solution for disposal of sludge. The basic principle of sludge treatment is to reduce the total amount, reuse the sludge as new resources without toxic by-products. The sludge that has been dried and burned will contain fewer substances, which will be easier for transportation and final treatment. Moreover, the desiccation and incineration process can eliminate the toxic substances, effectively avoiding the secondary pollution. Therefore, the technology of desiccation and incineration is a feasible sludge treatment solution. In addition, with the global climate changes and frequent advents of extreme weather, the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has attracted the attentions of organizations and organs in concern. At present, carbon emission has become the worldwide topic in field of environmental protection.
This article collects the sludge content materials the No. Sludge Treatment Plant in a city in China though field investigation, calculates the main energy consumption of the technology of desiccation and incineration theoretically, analyzes the relations among energy consumption, organic matter contents and moisture content of dried sludge during the treatment process and finally calculates the corresponding carbon dioxide emission by the energy demands in the treatment process.
The article has great significance for providing rewarding references for the selection of sludge treatment solutions, studies of technical designs of sewage treatment plants and feasibility study of sludge treatment technology by analyzing the sludge desiccation and incineration technology and calculating the energy demands and carbon dioxide emission of the treatment process.
本文通过调研收集我国某市第一污水处理厂的污泥泥质资料,然后从理论上计算干化焚烧工艺中主要能量消耗,并统计分析处理过程中能量需求与污泥有机份含量、干化污泥含水率等因素的关系,最后,通过处理过程中的能量需求计算出相应的二氧化碳排放量。
通过对污泥干化焚烧工艺进行研究,并从理论上计算出该处理过程的能量需求和二氧化碳排放量,对以后在污泥处理的方法选择,污水处理厂的工艺设计以及污泥处理工艺可行性等方面的问题研究上都具有重要的参考价值。
The increasingly rapid process of urbanization in China and the strengthening of people's awareness on environmental protection, the total amount of sewage disposed to the urban sewage treatment plant is increased year on year, which also generates severer by-product, sewage and sludge disposal load. At present, confronted with the troubles caused by the enormous amount of sewage and sludge, it is of great necessity to find an effective solution for disposal of sludge. The basic principle of sludge treatment is to reduce the total amount, reuse the sludge as new resources without toxic by-products. The sludge that has been dried and burned will contain fewer substances, which will be easier for transportation and final treatment. Moreover, the desiccation and incineration process can eliminate the toxic substances, effectively avoiding the secondary pollution. Therefore, the technology of desiccation and incineration is a feasible sludge treatment solution. In addition, with the global climate changes and frequent advents of extreme weather, the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has attracted the attentions of organizations and organs in concern. At present, carbon emission has become the worldwide topic in field of environmental protection.
This article collects the sludge content materials the No. Sludge Treatment Plant in a city in China though field investigation, calculates the main energy consumption of the technology of desiccation and incineration theoretically, analyzes the relations among energy consumption, organic matter contents and moisture content of dried sludge during the treatment process and finally calculates the corresponding carbon dioxide emission by the energy demands in the treatment process.
The article has great significance for providing rewarding references for the selection of sludge treatment solutions, studies of technical designs of sewage treatment plants and feasibility study of sludge treatment technology by analyzing the sludge desiccation and incineration technology and calculating the energy demands and carbon dioxide emission of the treatment process.
引文
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[5]尹军,谭学军.污水污泥处理处置与资源化利用.化学工业出版社.2005.
[6]申丘澈,名取真著.污水污泥处理.中国建筑工业出版社.1981：1-60.
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[19]李军,李媛,HGH.流化床焚烧炉污泥焚烧工艺特性研究.环境工程.2004(03).
[20]王璠,柯尊忠,田秀敏.城市污泥干化技术研究.机电产品开发与创新.2003(2).
[21]薛文源.城市污水污泥处理与处置的途径.中国给水排水.1992(01).
[22]Mavinic D S, Koers D A. Performance and kinetics of low-temperature, aerobic sludge digestion. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.1979(8).
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[28]C.P. Chu, D. J. Lee, C. Y. Chang Energy demand in sludge dewatering, Water Research.2005(39):1858-1868.
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[31]Edgar Gasafi, Marion-Yvonne Reinecke, Andrea Kruse et al. Economic analysis of sewage sludge gasifieation in supercritical water for hydrogen produetion Biomass and Bioenergy.2008(32).
[32]Jun Han, MinghouXu, HongYao et al.Influence of calcium chloride on the thermal behavior of heavy and alkali metals in sewage sludge incineration Waste Management.2008(28).
[33]M. E. Sanchez, M. Otero, X. Gomez et al. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of the combustion of biowastes Renewable Energy.2009(34).
[34]蒋旭光,严建华,池涌.污泥的可用能及添加辅助燃料的临界水分分析.浙江大学学报.1995(4).
[35]岑可法,徐旭,谷月玲.工业废弃物和生活垃圾流化床焚烧技术的研究.西安交通大学学报.2000(1).
[36]贾相如,金保升,肖睿.污水污泥热解和燃烧特性的实验研究.锅炉技术.2005(6).
[37]欧阳朝斌,郭占成,段东平.煤种对煤与天然气共气化过程的影响.过程工程学报.2006(5).
[38]魏立纲.固体热载体法生物质催化气化制氢新工艺研究.大连理工大学博士研究生学位论文.2006.
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[43]胡静宜,杨檬国.内外碳排放领域工作研究.电子信息产业节能减排标准化研究与应用专刊.
[44]IPCC. Summary for Policymakers of Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.2007.
[45]RIND. D. Complexity and climate. Science.1999.
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[49]韩晓强,陈晓平.上海石洞口干化污泥焚烧炉的调试.锅炉技术.2006(1).
[48]Kasakura T, Imoto Y, Ishikawa O etal. Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Circulation Fludized Beds.1999.
[50]廖嘉玲,杨凯,姚远.基于泥质泥量浅析成都市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方式.四川省首届环境影响评价学术研讨会论文集.2009.
[51]汪群慧.固体废弃物处理及资源化.化学工业出版社.2004.
[52]羊寿生.上海在建三座大型城市污水处理厂介绍(一)—上海石洞口污水处理厂.给水排水.2003.29(1).
[53]王凯军.王晓惠;李宝林.城市污水污泥稳定性问题和试验方法探讨.给水排水.2002(5).
[54]胡龙,何品晶,邵立明.城市污水处污泥热干燥处理技术及其应用分析.重庆环境科学.1999(2)
[55]胡国泉.中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析：1995-2004.中国人口·资源与环境.2006(6)
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[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.全国统计公报(2009).国家统计局网站,2010.
[3]中华人民共和国国家统计局.全国统计公报(2010).国家统计局网站,2011.
[4]赵伟,张林生,王军.页岩砖生产过程中用城市污泥为部分原料的试验研究.环境污染治理技术与设备.2005(04).
[5]尹军,谭学军.污水污泥处理处置与资源化利用.化学工业出版社.2005.
[6]申丘澈,名取真著.污水污泥处理.中国建筑工业出版社.1981：1-60.
[7]张新华,朱维斌,张龙江.污泥处置技术探讨.四川环境.2003(02).
[8]邱兆富,周琪.国内城市污水污泥的特点及处理处置对策.中国沼气.2004(02).
[9]唐汝江.污水污泥与煤混合燃烧和热解的试验研究.华中科技大学硕士研究生学位论文.2005
[10]Cillie G G. Sludge treatment utilization and disposal.1978.
[11]李钢.市政污泥热解技术的研究.中国矿业大学博士研究生学位论文.2010.
[12]赵庆祥著.污泥资源化技术.化学工业出版社.2002.
[13]林云琴,周少奇.我国污泥处理、处置与利用现状[J].能源环境保护.2004(06).
[14]张卫军著.城市污水污泥热干化特性及能耗研究.重庆大学硕士研究生学位论文.2009.
[15]邵立明,何品晶.城市污水厂污泥热干燥处理与利用的可行性分析.枫林学苑.上海科教文献出版社.268
[16]张爱萍,赵国慧.污泥干化形式及其物能平衡.山西煤炭管理干部学院学报.
[17]Hall. J. E. Sewage Sludge Production, Treatment and Disposal Ln the European Union. J. CIWEM.1995,19 (8):335-34.
[18]李媛.焚烧工艺在污水厂污泥处理中的应用.中国环保产业.2004(1).
[19]李军,李媛,HGH.流化床焚烧炉污泥焚烧工艺特性研究.环境工程.2004(03).
[20]王璠,柯尊忠,田秀敏.城市污泥干化技术研究.机电产品开发与创新.2003(2).
[21]薛文源.城市污水污泥处理与处置的途径.中国给水排水.1992(01).
[22]Mavinic D S, Koers D A. Performance and kinetics of low-temperature, aerobic sludge digestion. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.1979(8).
[23]蒲济生.城市污水处理厂污泥处置及资源化利用研究--以西安市为例.长安大学硕士研究生学位论文.2007.
[24]PesehenN. K. Conditioning of sewage sludge with lime for the Production of secondary raw material, Umwelt Magazin, Bd,1997,27(5).
[25]Ptasinski K. J., Hamelinek C., Kerkhof, P. J. A. M. Exergy analysis of methanol from the sewage sludge Process. Energy Conversion and Management.2002(43).
[26]J. A. Menendez, M. Inguanzo. J. J. Pis Microwave-induced pyrolysis of sewage sludge Water Research.2002(36).
[27]M. Belen Folgueras, Ramona M. Diaz, Jorge Xiberta et al. Thermogravimatric analysis of the co-eombustion of coal and sewage sludge.2003(82).
[28]C.P. Chu, D. J. Lee, C. Y. Chang Energy demand in sludge dewatering, Water Research.2005(39):1858-1868.
[29]Joan J. Manya, JoseL. Sanchez, Javier Abrego et al. Influence of gas residence time and air ratio on the air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a bubbling fluidized bed Fue.2006(185).
[30]B. Khiari, F. Marias, F. Zagrouba et al. Use of a transient model to simulate fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge Journal of Hazardous Materials 2006(B135).
[31]Edgar Gasafi, Marion-Yvonne Reinecke, Andrea Kruse et al. Economic analysis of sewage sludge gasifieation in supercritical water for hydrogen produetion Biomass and Bioenergy.2008(32).
[32]Jun Han, MinghouXu, HongYao et al.Influence of calcium chloride on the thermal behavior of heavy and alkali metals in sewage sludge incineration Waste Management.2008(28).
[33]M. E. Sanchez, M. Otero, X. Gomez et al. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of the combustion of biowastes Renewable Energy.2009(34).
[34]蒋旭光,严建华,池涌.污泥的可用能及添加辅助燃料的临界水分分析.浙江大学学报.1995(4).
[35]岑可法,徐旭,谷月玲.工业废弃物和生活垃圾流化床焚烧技术的研究.西安交通大学学报.2000(1).
[36]贾相如,金保升,肖睿.污水污泥热解和燃烧特性的实验研究.锅炉技术.2005(6).
[37]欧阳朝斌,郭占成,段东平.煤种对煤与天然气共气化过程的影响.过程工程学报.2006(5).
[38]魏立纲.固体热载体法生物质催化气化制氢新工艺研究.大连理工大学博士研究生学位论文.2006.
[39]沈伯雄,郭彩霞,吴顺伟.焚烧污泥重金属迁移的研究进展.电站系统工程.2008(1).
[40]邓文义,严建华,李晓东.流化床内干化污泥燃烧污染物排放特性研究.浙江大学学报(工学版).2008(10).
[41]郭名女,唐强,李建雄.城镇污水厂污泥与煤混烧发电的技术经济分析.中国给水排水.2008(16).
[42]白良成.生活垃圾焚烧处理工程技术.中国建筑工业出版社.2009.
[43]胡静宜,杨檬国.内外碳排放领域工作研究.电子信息产业节能减排标准化研究与应用专刊.
[44]IPCC. Summary for Policymakers of Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.2007.
[45]RIND. D. Complexity and climate. Science.1999.
[46]王雪娜.我国能源类碳源排碳量估算办法研究.北京林业大学硕士研究生学位论文.2006.
[47]黄凌军,杜红,鲁承虎,黄国民.欧洲污泥干化焚烧处理技术的应用与发展趋势.2003(11).
[49]韩晓强,陈晓平.上海石洞口干化污泥焚烧炉的调试.锅炉技术.2006(1).
[48]Kasakura T, Imoto Y, Ishikawa O etal. Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Circulation Fludized Beds.1999.
[50]廖嘉玲,杨凯,姚远.基于泥质泥量浅析成都市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方式.四川省首届环境影响评价学术研讨会论文集.2009.
[51]汪群慧.固体废弃物处理及资源化.化学工业出版社.2004.
[52]羊寿生.上海在建三座大型城市污水处理厂介绍(一)—上海石洞口污水处理厂.给水排水.2003.29(1).
[53]王凯军.王晓惠;李宝林.城市污水污泥稳定性问题和试验方法探讨.给水排水.2002(5).
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