污泥转盘干化技术研究及工艺优化
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摘要
随着我国污水处理的迅速发展,污水污泥产量急剧增加。脱水污泥含水率过高,达80%,无法达到填埋、堆肥、焚烧、土地利用的泥质要求。污泥经干化后体积和质量大幅降低,细菌和病原体得到有效去除,同时营养成分和热值得以保持,可以进一步填埋、堆肥、焚烧以及土地利用,因此污泥干化是污泥处理处置及资源化利用的前提。基于此背景,本文将开展转盘式污泥干化工艺优化的研究,并以此为基础进行环境友好型高效转盘式污泥干化工程示范。
介绍了污水污泥的性质及污泥处理处置的相关背景知识,概述了常用的污泥热干化技术,并介绍了转盘式干化机的构造、功能、特点及工程应用。综合考虑干化技术类型、能耗、安全性、环境友好性和灵活性,推荐转盘干化技术作为未来污泥干化的主导工艺。调研了昆山市污水处理厂污泥产量和处理处置方法,并进行了污泥理化特性分析。利用我校自主研发的转盘式干化机,进行污泥干化中试研究和工艺优化,选定该转盘干化机运行的最优工况为:进泥量20kg/h、蒸汽流量14.87kg/h,蒸汽温度133.5℃、转盘转速10rpm。
结合污泥的理化特性、基础干化特性,根据转盘污泥干化中试研究及工艺优化结果,进行污泥转盘干化工程示范。经240天运行验证,本工程污泥干化效果达到预定目标,干化后含水率53%以下,稳定性良好。对干化尾气污染物排放监测显示,氨含量9.42-45.4mg/m~3,硫化氢含量低于0.001 mg/m~3,总烃含量为5 mg /m~3,实现达标排放,环保性能良好。对本工程经济分析显示,能耗费用是运行总成本中最大的支出,占83%左右。本工艺采用潜热回收装置,实现热能回收利用,热效率较高,达85%以上,干化能耗低,约为673.5 kcal/kg水;干化运行费用为123.43元/吨湿污泥,均达到国内外同类污泥干化技术的先进水平,应用前景广阔。
With the rapid development of sewage treatment in china, sewage sludge production has increased quickly. The water content of mechanical dewatering sludge (about 80%) is too high to meet the argillaceous requirement of landfill, compost, incineration and land utilization. Due to sludge thermal drying has advantages of significantly reducing the volume and weight of sludge, killing pathogen and microorganisms, and maintains the nutritional content and calorific value of sludge, sludge could be further used for landfill, compost, incineration and land utilization. Sewage sludge drying is the prerequisite as resource for sludge disposal and utilization. Based on above, in the dissertation the rotary disc drying technique optimization is studied, and environment-friendly and efficient rotary sludge drying demonstration has been built.
The background review of sewage sludge and sludge disposal has been introduced. Several common technologies of sludge thermal drying were summarized and the structure, function, features and engineering application of rotary disc dryer are introduced. The rotary disc drying technique was recommended as the dominant sludge thermal drying technology, overall consideration of the type, energy consumption, safety, environmental friendliness, flexibility of sludge thermal drying.
Sludge production of wastewater treatment plant and current treatment situation of sludge in Kun Shan city are introduced, and physical and chemical properties of sludge are analyzed. Due to the technique optimization, the optimum operating condition of rotary disc dryer is selected: inlet amount 20kg/h, steam flow 14.87kg/h, steam temperature 133.5℃, revolution speed 10rpm, with the use of the rotary disc dryer independent developed by our school.
Combination of physical and chemical properties of sludge, basic drying characteristics of sludge, and according to the result of rotary disc drying technique optimization, rotary sludge drying demonstration is built. Technology route and process flow of demonstration project are determined, and base construction and equipment installation and debugging are completed. After 240 days to run verification, the result of sludge drying system of the demonstration project reach the intended target. The water content of sludge is below 53% after drying, and stability is well. The results of dry exhaust emissions monitoring show that the drying process had high performance. NH3 content of drying exhaust is 9.42-45.4mg/m~3, H2S below 0.001 mg/m~3,total hydrocarbon 5 mg /m~3,reach the standard. The results of economic analysis of the demonstration project show that energy consumption (electric energy consumption and thermal energy consumption) was the largest expenditures of drying total cost, about 83%. The drying process uses the latent heat recovery equipment to achieve heat recycling, and thermal efficiency reaches more than 85%, drying energy consumption 673.5 kcal/kg(H2O), cost of drying 123.43 yuan/t (wet sludge), which reached the advanced level comparison of domestic and foreign similar sludge drying technology and had broad prospects.
介绍了污水污泥的性质及污泥处理处置的相关背景知识,概述了常用的污泥热干化技术,并介绍了转盘式干化机的构造、功能、特点及工程应用。综合考虑干化技术类型、能耗、安全性、环境友好性和灵活性,推荐转盘干化技术作为未来污泥干化的主导工艺。调研了昆山市污水处理厂污泥产量和处理处置方法,并进行了污泥理化特性分析。利用我校自主研发的转盘式干化机,进行污泥干化中试研究和工艺优化,选定该转盘干化机运行的最优工况为:进泥量20kg/h、蒸汽流量14.87kg/h,蒸汽温度133.5℃、转盘转速10rpm。
结合污泥的理化特性、基础干化特性,根据转盘污泥干化中试研究及工艺优化结果,进行污泥转盘干化工程示范。经240天运行验证,本工程污泥干化效果达到预定目标,干化后含水率53%以下,稳定性良好。对干化尾气污染物排放监测显示,氨含量9.42-45.4mg/m~3,硫化氢含量低于0.001 mg/m~3,总烃含量为5 mg /m~3,实现达标排放,环保性能良好。对本工程经济分析显示,能耗费用是运行总成本中最大的支出,占83%左右。本工艺采用潜热回收装置,实现热能回收利用,热效率较高,达85%以上,干化能耗低,约为673.5 kcal/kg水;干化运行费用为123.43元/吨湿污泥,均达到国内外同类污泥干化技术的先进水平,应用前景广阔。
With the rapid development of sewage treatment in china, sewage sludge production has increased quickly. The water content of mechanical dewatering sludge (about 80%) is too high to meet the argillaceous requirement of landfill, compost, incineration and land utilization. Due to sludge thermal drying has advantages of significantly reducing the volume and weight of sludge, killing pathogen and microorganisms, and maintains the nutritional content and calorific value of sludge, sludge could be further used for landfill, compost, incineration and land utilization. Sewage sludge drying is the prerequisite as resource for sludge disposal and utilization. Based on above, in the dissertation the rotary disc drying technique optimization is studied, and environment-friendly and efficient rotary sludge drying demonstration has been built.
The background review of sewage sludge and sludge disposal has been introduced. Several common technologies of sludge thermal drying were summarized and the structure, function, features and engineering application of rotary disc dryer are introduced. The rotary disc drying technique was recommended as the dominant sludge thermal drying technology, overall consideration of the type, energy consumption, safety, environmental friendliness, flexibility of sludge thermal drying.
Sludge production of wastewater treatment plant and current treatment situation of sludge in Kun Shan city are introduced, and physical and chemical properties of sludge are analyzed. Due to the technique optimization, the optimum operating condition of rotary disc dryer is selected: inlet amount 20kg/h, steam flow 14.87kg/h, steam temperature 133.5℃, revolution speed 10rpm, with the use of the rotary disc dryer independent developed by our school.
Combination of physical and chemical properties of sludge, basic drying characteristics of sludge, and according to the result of rotary disc drying technique optimization, rotary sludge drying demonstration is built. Technology route and process flow of demonstration project are determined, and base construction and equipment installation and debugging are completed. After 240 days to run verification, the result of sludge drying system of the demonstration project reach the intended target. The water content of sludge is below 53% after drying, and stability is well. The results of dry exhaust emissions monitoring show that the drying process had high performance. NH3 content of drying exhaust is 9.42-45.4mg/m~3, H2S below 0.001 mg/m~3,total hydrocarbon 5 mg /m~3,reach the standard. The results of economic analysis of the demonstration project show that energy consumption (electric energy consumption and thermal energy consumption) was the largest expenditures of drying total cost, about 83%. The drying process uses the latent heat recovery equipment to achieve heat recycling, and thermal efficiency reaches more than 85%, drying energy consumption 673.5 kcal/kg(H2O), cost of drying 123.43 yuan/t (wet sludge), which reached the advanced level comparison of domestic and foreign similar sludge drying technology and had broad prospects.
引文
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