长春市与波士顿高校学生体育态度及影响因素的比较研究
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摘要
本研究在借鉴相关研究成果及其他领域研究的基础上,以文化背景差异较大的长春市大学生和波士顿大学生为调查对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,通过运用体育活动态度调查表测试,对长春市和波士顿两地大学生体育态度及影响体育态度的因素进行比较,以探求两地区大学生对体育活动的心理反应倾向和需求意向。通过比较其异同,揭示其体育行为的内在动力所在,找出影响体育态度的主要因素,引导他们更积极地参与体育活动,促进身心健康。同时为行政主管部门在学校体育管理上进行宏观决策,为体育教师如何培养大学生积极的体育态度提供理论依据和参考。
通过研究得出如下结论:
长春市大学生体育态度的综合排序是身心健康、精神解脱、社交、审美、自我磨练和追求刺激。波士顿大学生体育态度的综合排序是身心健康、审美、社交、精神解脱、追求刺激和自我磨练。
长春市大学生对体育功能的认识及从事体育的动机主要是促进身心健康与增进社会交往,而在通过体育追求刺激这方面比较消极,对于其他功能的认识态度较为中性。波士顿大学生同样认为身心健康是体育的主要功能,并且表现出对体育美的认可。波士顿大学生除女性在追求刺激和自我磨练的维度上态度不积极,其他维度都持肯定的态度。波士顿大学生的体育态度强于长春市大学生。男性大学生在社交、追求刺激和审美维度上差异显著;女性大学生则在社交、身心健康和审美维度上差异显著。在两地大学生体育态度体系中,身心健康维度都占据了核心和主导地位。
影响两地区大学生积极体育态度形成的因素包含三个方面内容。既社会因素、文化因素、教育因素对长春市、波士顿两地大学生的影响程度不尽相同。
Based on the relevant research results and other research fields and taking the college students in Changchun City and Boston as research subjects with great different cultural backgrounds, this thesis adopts methodologies of literature data, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, and compare the attitudes of college students from the two cities towards sports and the factors influencing their sports attitudes through questionnaire test for sports attitude to explore the students’tendency to psychological reactions and demand intentions. By comparing the similarities and differences, the thesis reveals the intrinsic force of the their sport acts, and finds out the main factors affecting sport attitudes, and guides them to participate in sports activities more actively, and promotes their physical and mental health. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis and reference for administrative departments in charge of sports management in schools on the macro decision-making and for game teachers to train the students’active sport attitudes. Study educes the following conclusions:
The comprehensive compositor of college students’sport attitudes in Changchun City is physical and mental health, mental relief, sociality, aesthetics, self-anneal and the pursuit of self-stimulation, while that of college students in Boston is physical and mental health, aesthetics, sociality, spiritual relief, the pursuit of self-stimulation and self-anneal.
The acknowledgement of sport’s functions and motivation of engaging in sports for college students in Changchun City are to promote physical and mental health and the promotion of social interaction, while they are negative in pursuit of stimulation through sports and neutral to understand other functions of sports. Similarly, college students in Boston think that physical and mental health is the main function of sports, and show the recognition of aesthetics in sports. In addition to women’s negative attitudes towards the pursuit of stimulation and self-anneal among Boston college students, they are positive in other dimensions. Boston college students have stronger attitudes towards sports than students in Changchun City. There are obvious differences in male college students’social interaction, pursuit of stimulation and dimensions of aesthetics; while social interactions, physical and mental health and dimensions of aesthetics vary significantly among female college students. In the system of college students in the two cities, the dimensions of physical and mental health occupy a dominant position.
There are three factors influencing the form of positive attitudes towards sports of both the college students—cultural traditions, ethnic differences, teaching methods, and the factors influence college students’attitudes in the two cities with different degrees.
通过研究得出如下结论:
长春市大学生体育态度的综合排序是身心健康、精神解脱、社交、审美、自我磨练和追求刺激。波士顿大学生体育态度的综合排序是身心健康、审美、社交、精神解脱、追求刺激和自我磨练。
长春市大学生对体育功能的认识及从事体育的动机主要是促进身心健康与增进社会交往,而在通过体育追求刺激这方面比较消极,对于其他功能的认识态度较为中性。波士顿大学生同样认为身心健康是体育的主要功能,并且表现出对体育美的认可。波士顿大学生除女性在追求刺激和自我磨练的维度上态度不积极,其他维度都持肯定的态度。波士顿大学生的体育态度强于长春市大学生。男性大学生在社交、追求刺激和审美维度上差异显著;女性大学生则在社交、身心健康和审美维度上差异显著。在两地大学生体育态度体系中,身心健康维度都占据了核心和主导地位。
影响两地区大学生积极体育态度形成的因素包含三个方面内容。既社会因素、文化因素、教育因素对长春市、波士顿两地大学生的影响程度不尽相同。
Based on the relevant research results and other research fields and taking the college students in Changchun City and Boston as research subjects with great different cultural backgrounds, this thesis adopts methodologies of literature data, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, and compare the attitudes of college students from the two cities towards sports and the factors influencing their sports attitudes through questionnaire test for sports attitude to explore the students’tendency to psychological reactions and demand intentions. By comparing the similarities and differences, the thesis reveals the intrinsic force of the their sport acts, and finds out the main factors affecting sport attitudes, and guides them to participate in sports activities more actively, and promotes their physical and mental health. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis and reference for administrative departments in charge of sports management in schools on the macro decision-making and for game teachers to train the students’active sport attitudes. Study educes the following conclusions:
The comprehensive compositor of college students’sport attitudes in Changchun City is physical and mental health, mental relief, sociality, aesthetics, self-anneal and the pursuit of self-stimulation, while that of college students in Boston is physical and mental health, aesthetics, sociality, spiritual relief, the pursuit of self-stimulation and self-anneal.
The acknowledgement of sport’s functions and motivation of engaging in sports for college students in Changchun City are to promote physical and mental health and the promotion of social interaction, while they are negative in pursuit of stimulation through sports and neutral to understand other functions of sports. Similarly, college students in Boston think that physical and mental health is the main function of sports, and show the recognition of aesthetics in sports. In addition to women’s negative attitudes towards the pursuit of stimulation and self-anneal among Boston college students, they are positive in other dimensions. Boston college students have stronger attitudes towards sports than students in Changchun City. There are obvious differences in male college students’social interaction, pursuit of stimulation and dimensions of aesthetics; while social interactions, physical and mental health and dimensions of aesthetics vary significantly among female college students. In the system of college students in the two cities, the dimensions of physical and mental health occupy a dominant position.
There are three factors influencing the form of positive attitudes towards sports of both the college students—cultural traditions, ethnic differences, teaching methods, and the factors influence college students’attitudes in the two cities with different degrees.
引文
1 Robert.A.Baron&Byrne,Social Psychology. Allyn and Bacon,1994,p.130
2 W.I.Thomas&F.Znaniecki,ThePolish Peasant in Europe and America.2.vols.New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1927.转引自周晓红.现代社会心理学.上海人民出版社,1997
[1]张丽君,苏庆永,马卫东.高校研究生的体育态度、动机、兴趣的调查研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2003,29(1):82-83.
[2]李孟军.关于大学生体育态度特点的研究[J].四川体育科学,2004(1):196-198.
[3]潘治贤,孙明兴.辽宁省大学生体育态度、兴趣和动机现状的调查研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2005,21(6):122-123.
[4]付金秋.对我校学生体育态度的调查研究[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(3):63-65.
[5]赵俊荣.高等师范院校学生体育态度变化的实证研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21 (1):92.
[6]陈炳煌.大学生体育态度和体育行为现状的调查研究[J].吉林体育学院院报,2006,22(1):54-57. [7 赵红.大学生体育态度现状及其影响因素的研究 [J].广州体育学院学报,2006,26(3):120-122.
[8]刘萍,王振宏.大学生体育态度与心理健康的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2003,24(6):635-636.
[9]雷慧.藏族大学体育态度调查研究[J].兰州学报,2005(2):304-305.
[10]王景亮.大学生体育态度和体育行为的现状调查及对策研究[J].西安联合大学学报,2001,4(2):85-88.
[11]张素霞.大学生体育台独和体育行为的因果关系[J].体育学刊,2003,10(3):50-51.
[12]李江.大学生体育态度状况调查研究[J].北京农学院学报,2000,15(2):52-55.
[13]刘一民,孙庆祝,孙月霞.我国大学生体育态度和体育行为的调查研究[J].中国体育科技,2001,37(1):28-38.
[14]王文忠,林杰,何应凯.我国理工科大学生体育态度与行为的现状[J].体育学刊,2004,11(3):107-109.
[15]杨雪琴.研究生体育态度与行为研究[J].云南师范大学学报,1996.16(2):111-116.
[16]戴晶斌.中日大学生体育态度的跨文化研究[J].山东体育科技,1996,18(2):52-56
[17]张素霞.韩山师院新生体育态度结构特点及相关因素分析[J].体育学刊,2002,9(5):91-94.
[18]王家君.牡丹江地区普通高校大学生体育态度与体育锻炼习惯的调查分析[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2004,22(2):11-13.
[19]邹玉华,邓雷.南京市大学生体育态度的调查研究[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2006,24(1):39-41.
[20]邓文才.体育教学不同项目对大学生体育态度的影响[J].山东体育学院学报,2003,19(4):59-61.
[21]海胜华.大众传播影响大学生体育态度的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,1996(3):13-16.
[22]彭昕,张宏智.对当代大学后僧体育态度之研究[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(1):60.
[23]朱志翔,周晶.高职院校大学生体育态度与体育行为的调查研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2006,21(2):83-85
[24]张丰涛.高校研究生体育台独与行为的研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2000,16(3):63-65.
[25]燕国材.中国心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998.45-48.
[26]曲庆彪.社会科学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.14-15.
[27]乐安国.西方社会心理学新进展[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2004.116-120.
[28]乐安国.中国社会心理学研究进展[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2004.118-122.
[29]郑雪.社会心理学[M] .广州:暨南大学出版社,2004.127-129.
[30]武建明.从耐克到安踏[N]. 消费日报,2004-12-14(B02).
[31]魏玉存.中美体育教学评价比较[J]. 哈尔滨体育学院学报,2007,25(3):62-63.
[32]张新萍.中美体育社会学异同考[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21(4):280-283.
[33]李忠梅.中美体育专业教育发展之比较研究[J]. 四川体育科学,2006(1):114-117.
[34]王静.中美文化差异之浅析[J]. 东南传播,2007(1):68-69.
[35]杨春苑.中美文化差异论述[J].烟台大学学报,1998(3):58-61.
[36]王焱.中美文化差异及跨文化意识的培养[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2004,6(3):82-83.
[37]任素卿.引导学生形成正确的体育态度[J].当代教育科学,2003(14):61.
[38]刘同员.大学生体育活动社会意识与心态的研究[J].体育与科学,1998,18(3):22-24.
[39]张旭光,崔林娜.数字透视中国群众体育现状[N] .中国体育报,2002-12-09(5).
[40]Judd C.M,Park B.Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes[J].Psychological Review,1993,(100):pp.109-128.
[41]蓬田高正.大学キャンプ実習が参加者の一般的因果律志向性に及ぼす影響[J].大学体育研究第 24 号(平成 14 年 3 月).
[42] Robert.A.Baron&Byrne. Social Psychology. [M].Allyn and Bacon,1994,p.130.
[43]蓬田高正.筑波大学体育会所属学生の運動生活実態調査[J].大学体育研究第 25 号(平成 15 年 3 月).
[44]E.R.Smith.What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other? [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1993(70):pp.893-912.
[45] 宮丸凱史.筑波大学における共通体育のカリキュラム編成の経緯と今後の課[J].大学体育研究第 23 号(平成 13 年 3 月).
2 W.I.Thomas&F.Znaniecki,ThePolish Peasant in Europe and America.2.vols.New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1927.转引自周晓红.现代社会心理学.上海人民出版社,1997
[1]张丽君,苏庆永,马卫东.高校研究生的体育态度、动机、兴趣的调查研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2003,29(1):82-83.
[2]李孟军.关于大学生体育态度特点的研究[J].四川体育科学,2004(1):196-198.
[3]潘治贤,孙明兴.辽宁省大学生体育态度、兴趣和动机现状的调查研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2005,21(6):122-123.
[4]付金秋.对我校学生体育态度的调查研究[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(3):63-65.
[5]赵俊荣.高等师范院校学生体育态度变化的实证研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21 (1):92.
[6]陈炳煌.大学生体育态度和体育行为现状的调查研究[J].吉林体育学院院报,2006,22(1):54-57. [7 赵红.大学生体育态度现状及其影响因素的研究 [J].广州体育学院学报,2006,26(3):120-122.
[8]刘萍,王振宏.大学生体育态度与心理健康的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2003,24(6):635-636.
[9]雷慧.藏族大学体育态度调查研究[J].兰州学报,2005(2):304-305.
[10]王景亮.大学生体育态度和体育行为的现状调查及对策研究[J].西安联合大学学报,2001,4(2):85-88.
[11]张素霞.大学生体育台独和体育行为的因果关系[J].体育学刊,2003,10(3):50-51.
[12]李江.大学生体育态度状况调查研究[J].北京农学院学报,2000,15(2):52-55.
[13]刘一民,孙庆祝,孙月霞.我国大学生体育态度和体育行为的调查研究[J].中国体育科技,2001,37(1):28-38.
[14]王文忠,林杰,何应凯.我国理工科大学生体育态度与行为的现状[J].体育学刊,2004,11(3):107-109.
[15]杨雪琴.研究生体育态度与行为研究[J].云南师范大学学报,1996.16(2):111-116.
[16]戴晶斌.中日大学生体育态度的跨文化研究[J].山东体育科技,1996,18(2):52-56
[17]张素霞.韩山师院新生体育态度结构特点及相关因素分析[J].体育学刊,2002,9(5):91-94.
[18]王家君.牡丹江地区普通高校大学生体育态度与体育锻炼习惯的调查分析[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2004,22(2):11-13.
[19]邹玉华,邓雷.南京市大学生体育态度的调查研究[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2006,24(1):39-41.
[20]邓文才.体育教学不同项目对大学生体育态度的影响[J].山东体育学院学报,2003,19(4):59-61.
[21]海胜华.大众传播影响大学生体育态度的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,1996(3):13-16.
[22]彭昕,张宏智.对当代大学后僧体育态度之研究[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(1):60.
[23]朱志翔,周晶.高职院校大学生体育态度与体育行为的调查研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2006,21(2):83-85
[24]张丰涛.高校研究生体育台独与行为的研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2000,16(3):63-65.
[25]燕国材.中国心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998.45-48.
[26]曲庆彪.社会科学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.14-15.
[27]乐安国.西方社会心理学新进展[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2004.116-120.
[28]乐安国.中国社会心理学研究进展[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2004.118-122.
[29]郑雪.社会心理学[M] .广州:暨南大学出版社,2004.127-129.
[30]武建明.从耐克到安踏[N]. 消费日报,2004-12-14(B02).
[31]魏玉存.中美体育教学评价比较[J]. 哈尔滨体育学院学报,2007,25(3):62-63.
[32]张新萍.中美体育社会学异同考[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21(4):280-283.
[33]李忠梅.中美体育专业教育发展之比较研究[J]. 四川体育科学,2006(1):114-117.
[34]王静.中美文化差异之浅析[J]. 东南传播,2007(1):68-69.
[35]杨春苑.中美文化差异论述[J].烟台大学学报,1998(3):58-61.
[36]王焱.中美文化差异及跨文化意识的培养[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2004,6(3):82-83.
[37]任素卿.引导学生形成正确的体育态度[J].当代教育科学,2003(14):61.
[38]刘同员.大学生体育活动社会意识与心态的研究[J].体育与科学,1998,18(3):22-24.
[39]张旭光,崔林娜.数字透视中国群众体育现状[N] .中国体育报,2002-12-09(5).
[40]Judd C.M,Park B.Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes[J].Psychological Review,1993,(100):pp.109-128.
[41]蓬田高正.大学キャンプ実習が参加者の一般的因果律志向性に及ぼす影響[J].大学体育研究第 24 号(平成 14 年 3 月).
[42] Robert.A.Baron&Byrne. Social Psychology. [M].Allyn and Bacon,1994,p.130.
[43]蓬田高正.筑波大学体育会所属学生の運動生活実態調査[J].大学体育研究第 25 号(平成 15 年 3 月).
[44]E.R.Smith.What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other? [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1993(70):pp.893-912.
[45] 宮丸凱史.筑波大学における共通体育のカリキュラム編成の経緯と今後の課[J].大学体育研究第 23 号(平成 13 年 3 月).