武钢工业区园林植物适应性及影响因子研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着可持续发展战略的提出,人们环境意识的增强,工业区绿化日益得到了人们的重视。由于工业区特殊的环境条件,所以在选择园林植物时首先要考虑的是其对厂内特殊生长环境的适应性。但迄今为止,大多是从生长状况定性评判园林植物对其生长环境的适应性,或通过熏气实验来测定植物对某特定污染物的抗性,未结合植物实地生长环境,且缺乏影响因子的定量研究。本课题以武钢工业区为研究对象,拟通过对武钢工业区不同区域的大气、土壤因子的监测和园林植物生长发育状况的观测及相关生理指标的测定,评价武钢工业区主要园林植物生长适应性,并分析影响主要绿化树种生长的主导因子,优化筛选适宜武钢工业区不同区域生长的各类群落配置的园林植物种类。
     大气污染监测表明,武钢工业区大气污染以烧结区和焦化区最为严重,SO_2和粉尘浓度都严重超标,硅钢和炼钢区SO_2污染相对较轻,但是粉尘污染超标,生活区离污染源较远,因此SO_2污染轻,但粉尘依然达到较高的污染程度。土壤理化性质调查分析结果表明,武钢工业区绿地土壤偏碱性、硬度大、有机质缺乏、钾素养分缺乏、氮素养分也不够丰富。由于不同区域环境条件的差异,以及各种园林植物对环境适应性的差异,因而不同植物种类在相同区域的生长势有差异,相同树种在不同区域的生长势也存在较大差异,且没有发现在武钢工业区每个区域都生长良好或在每个区域都生长不良的园林植物种类。
     武钢工业区不同区域园林植物适应性研究结果表明:焦化区大部分植物生长不良;生长适应性优良的植物种类只有女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)和龙柏(Sabina chinensis cv.'Kaizuka'),适应性差的树种有十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、雪松(Cedrus deodara)、圆柏(Sabina chinensis)、石楠(Photinia serrulata)等。硅钢区植物整体生长状况良好;在该区适应性强的植物种类有夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)、石榴(Punica granatum)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、云南黄馨(Jasminum mesnyi)等,生长不良的植物有枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)和桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)。烧结厂环境条件对植物的生长很不利,在烧结厂生长优良的植物只有夹竹桃(Nerium indicum),而紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)、悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)、爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)、丝兰(Yucca gloriosa)、枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)等则生长情况很差,不适宜在烧结厂内应用。在炼钢区,适应性强的园林植物包括夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)、云南黄馨(Jasminum mesnyi)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum),而紫薇
    
    郑小丽武钢工业区园林植物适应性及影响因子研究
    (L agerstroemia indica)和石楠护人。tinia serrulata)不能够适应炼钢厂的环境,生长较
    差。在生活区,生长情况优良的植物种类有白玉兰(材咭力口lia denudata)、大叶黄杨
    (Euo恻,usj即onic二)、海桐(pitto胡。~tobira)、悬铃木(platanus aeer扣lia),而桂
    花(Osmanthus户司犷口ns)和雪松(CedJ侧sde口由尸口)则生长情况不好,有一些受害现象。
     影响植物生长的主导因子研究结果表明:影响厂区法国冬青(巧burnum awabu幼
    生长的主导因子是大气502含量和土壤硬度,其适宜的生长环境应该是大气502含
    量低,土壤硬度小的地段。武钢厂区樟树(a朋am口mum Ca州IPhora)的生长主要受到
    大气502和土壤速效磷的影响,过高的502含量对其产生不良影响,而速效磷促进
    樟树的生长。广玉兰(赫咭”olia gran硕刃ora)的生长状况与大气中的粉尘含量和土壤
    硬度都呈负相关。武钢工业区内悬铃木(P latanus acer晌lia)的生长与大气中的粉尘含
    量呈负相关,在一定范围内与上壤pH值呈正相关。影响雪松(Cedr“sde口d匕了a)生长
    的主导因子是大气中的502,过高的502含量对雪松的生长造成伤害。十大功劳
    (Mahonia fortune力的生长与粉尘含量呈负相关,与土壤全钾含量呈正相关。海桐
    (Pttt口sPorum tobira)的生长情况与50:含量呈明显负相关,与土壤中的全氮含量呈正
    相关。桂花(Osmanth‘户侧尹a二)的生长状况在一定范围内与土壤pH值呈明显负相
    关,而与土壤硬度呈负相关。影响夹竹桃(旋rium indicum)生长的主导因子是土壤全
    钾含量,比较丰富的土壤钾素养分促进夹竹桃的生长。由此可见,工业区园林植物
    的生长普遍受到高浓度的大气污染、低含量的土壤养分和较大的土壤硬度的制约。
Along with the putting forward of the sustainable development strategy, and with the strengthening of the environmental consciousness, people are increasingly attaching importance to the construction of the greenland in industrial district. Because of the special environment in industrial district, we should take into account the adaptability of the ornamental plants to the environment first in choosing plant species. But up to the present, the researchers mostly judged the adaptability of the plant to the environment qualitatively only from the growth status, lacking of the quantitative study on influencing factors, and they always measured the resistance of the plants to particular pollutant through the fumigation experiment, did not combine the actual growth environmental condition of the plants. In this project, the growth situation of ornamental plants in Wuhan Iron and Steel Industrial District was studied. The adaptabilities of the plant species to the special environment were analyzed. We also monitored the atmosphere and the soil conditions, and studied the predominant influencing factors of the plants. The whole results are helpful to optimize and select the suitable ornamental plant species for industrial district.
    The atmosphere pollution monitoring showed that, the pollution was severe in sintering district and coking district, the content of SO2 and TSP went beyond the criterion. In siliceous steel district and steel-making district, the content of SO2 was correspondingly low, but the TSP was also high. The living district was far away from the mill, so the atmosphere environment was correspondingly good. The soil factors analysis showed that, in greenland of Wuhan Iron and Steel Industrial District, the pH value and the rigidity of the soil was high, and the content of organic matter and kalium was shot, while the nitrogen was not very abundant. The survey to the plants growth situation showed that, different species in the same district had different growth situation, and the same species in different district had difference in growth too. There were no species which growed well or badly in every district.
    The adaptability analysis of the ornamental plants in different district showed that, in coking district, a majority of plants had poor growth situation, only Ligustrum lucidum and Sabina chinensis cv.'Kaizuka' had good adaptability, Mahonia fortunei, Osmanthus fragrans, Cedrus deodara, Sabina chinensis and Photinia serrulata growed badly. In siliceous steel district, the plants growed well. Nerium indicum, Punica granatum, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pittosporum tobira, Euonymus japonicus. Hibiscus syriacus
    
    
    
    and Jasminum mesnyi had excellent growth situation, only Eriobotrya japonica and Osmcmthus fragrans growed badly. In sintering district, the environmental conditions were very harmful to the plants, so only Nerium indicum could grow normally, and Lagerstroemia indica, Ligustrum lucidum, Magnolia grandiflora, Platanus acerifolia, Parthenocisus tricuspidata, Yucca gloriosa and Eriobotrya japonica couldn't grow well and couldn't be suitable for sintering district. In steel-making works, the plants growed well. Nerium indicum, Jasminum mesny, Salix matsudana and Ligustrum lucidum had strong adaptability to the steel-making district, but Lagerstroemia indica and Photinia serrulata couldn't grow well. In living district, Magnolia denudata, Euonymusjaponicus, Pittosporum tobira and Platanus acerifolia had good growth situation, but Osmanthus fragrans and Cedrus deodara growed badly with some injured symptom.
    The analysis of the influencing factors of the plants showed, the predominant factors that influence the growth of Viburnum awabuk were the content of atmosphere 862 and the rigidity of the soil. Its appropriate growth environmental condition should be the areas in which the content of atmosphere SO2 is low and the rigidity of the soil is low. The growth of Cinnamomum camphora was mainly influenced by the content of atmosphere SO2 and the content of rapidly available phosphorus, the hi
引文
1. 于天仁,王振权.土壤分析化学.北京:科学出版社,1988,1-531
    2. 于冬梅.天水地区厂矿区绿化树种选择.甘肃林业,1995,(3):37
    3. 中国科学院上海植物生理研究所环境生理组.植物对二氧化硫的反应和抗性研究(1).植物生理学报,1978,4(1):27-35
    4. 勾晓华,王勋陵,陈发虎.氟化氢熏气对植物影响的防护研究.西北植物学报,2000,20(2):206-211
    5. 孔国辉,汪嘉熙,陈庆诚.大气污染与植物.北京:中国林业出版社,1988,1-304
    6. 文剑平.大气污染植被控制模型及应用.环境科学,1990,11(4):26-30
    7. 王凤江.选准切入点,让北京城市绿化更加多姿多彩—北京城市园林绿化树种选择发展思考.中国园林,2003,19(1):62-64
    8. 王勇进,李沛琼,谢海标,冯惠玲.深圳市园林绿化树种的调查与评估.中国园林,2000,16(1):49—52
    9. 邓泓,王祥荣,邵茂才.关于工厂企业绿地建设的探讨-以宝钢为例.城市环境与城市生态,2000,13(4):26-29
    10.叶庆华,陈自亮,阮祚禧,王文卿.厦门大学校园内石栗生长不良原因初步研究.福建林业科技,2002,29(1):33—36
    11.叶保崖,朱锋,李雯,符少莉.杨小波.海南主要城市绿化植物区系研究.海南师范学院学报(自然科学版),2001,14(2):17-19
    12.四川省林业科学研究所.成都市园林局.林木净化大气.成都:四川人民出版社,1983,1-216
    13.申曙光.邯郸城市绿化树种现状及规划探讨.中国园林,1996,12(4):13-14
    14.白伟岚,任建武,苏雪痕.八种植物耐荫性比较研究.北京林业大学学报,1999,31(3):46-52
    15.刘卫东.刘云国.广州员村工业区的大气环境质量与生态园林绿化研究.中南林学院学报,1998,18(3):57-63
    16.刘云国.林木绿化工程改善工业污染区生态环境的研究.中南林学院学报,1996,16(2):52-56
    17.刘天兵,冯宗炜.植物SOD活性变化与其抗污能力的关系.环境污染与防治,1997,19(1):12-13
    18.刘仲健.深圳市园林绿化的植物配置和树种选择的分析.中国园林,1992,8(1):26-32
    19.刘欣,高源.大连城市行道绿化树种的选择及配置原则研究.辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(1):71-74
    20.刘祖祺,张石诚.植物抗性生理学.北京:中国农业出版社,1994.333-363
    21.刘荣坤,李世承.二氧化硫对蓖麻叶质膜透性、叶绿素含量和花粉生长的影响.中国环境科学,1982,3(2):39-43,71
    22.刘艳菊,丁辉,王辉.首钢邻山和植物园植物叶片含硫量的对比.中国环境科学,2001,21(6):498—502
    23.吕先忠,楼炉焕,李根有.杭州市行道树现状调查及布局设想.浙江林学院学报,2000,17(3):309—314
    24.孙翠玲,顾万春.矿区及废弃矿造林绿化工程.世界林业研究,1995,2:31—35
    
    
    25.朱竹韵,吴素琴.北京城市街头绿地调查.中国园林,1995,11(1):37-44
    26.朱忠宝,刘云国.几种植物抗污性及其生理机制的研究.中南林学院学报,1992,12(1):43-47
    27.闫水玉,袁九毅.城市绿化树种的选择与配置.城市环境与城市生态,1997,10(2):47-49
    28.吴中能,于一苏,边艳霞.合肥主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究初报.安徽农业科学,2001,29(6):780-783
    29.吴志峰,文雅,张坚.广州市长虹苗圃的土壤质量的评价.中国园林,2001,5:69-70
    30.宋卫平,王祥荣,邵茂才.上海宝山钢铁厂绿化植物病虫害现状与治理对策.城市环境与城市生态,2001,14(2):58-61
    31.宋永昌.由文华,王祥荣.城市生态学.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2000,57-136,275
    32.张秀梅,李景平.城市污染环境中适生树种滞尘能力研究.环境科学动态,2001,2:27-29
    33.张晓红.从环保角度探讨化工企业绿化工作.化工环保,1997,17:170-175
    34.李玉和.城市土壤形成特点、肥力评价及利用与管理.中国园林,1997,13(3):20-23
    35.李玉和.城市土壤密实度对园林植物生长的影响及利用措施.中国园林,1995,11(3):41—43
    36.李伟,杨新敏,陈智勇.重庆园林土壤性状及分类研究.西南农业大学学报,1990,12(4):401-405
    37.李定胜,叶亚芬,石磊.舟山海岛城市园林绿化的现状及几点建议.浙江林业科技,2002,22(1):61—64
    38.李娥娥,蔺银鼎.太原市区空气污染特点和绿化树种选择.山西农业大学学报,2002,22(2):135-138
    39.李慧仙,信文海.华南沿海城市绿化抗风树种选择及防风措施.华南热带农业大学学报,2000,6(1):15-21
    40.杨新敏.城市园林绿地土壤调查简报.四川农业大学学报,1990,8(4):383-384
    41.汪凤娣.环境质量综合评价方法的改进.中国环境监测,1999,15(2):54-55
    42.汪琼,宋钰红,樊国盛.环境监测在园林景观评价中的应用.西南林学院学报,2002,22(2):32-34
    43.连玉武,林卓煌,黄道营.几种植物对大气中SO_2暴露的生理特性研究.污染防治技术,1994,(7)4:59-62
    44.邱栋梁,刘星辉.模拟酸雨对荔枝叶片膜透性的影响.福建农业大学学报,2001,30(1):33-35
    45.邵茂才.宝钢创造绿色生态园林工厂.中国林业,1998(5):18-19
    46.邵海荣,周道英.建筑物的遮荫效应及对绿化的影响.北京林业大学学报,1996,18(2):37-44
    47.邹晓燕,刘厚田.植物So_2的敏感性与超氧化物歧化酶活性的关系.中国环境科学,1989,9(6):427-432
    48.陈子琴.石油化工厂绿化工程的设计思想.环境科学,1990,11(6):76-78
    49.陈有民.园林树木学.北京:中国林业出版社,1990,201-729
    50.陈自新,李玉和,杨遂.城市地下环境对园林植物生长的影响及利用措施.中国园林,1984,4:31
    51.陈芳清,王祥荣.从植物群落学的角度看生态园林建设—以宝钢为例.中国园林,2000,16(5):35-37
    52.陈国霞,王波,黄安建.因子分析法在上海园林土壤肥力因素划分上的应用.上海农业学报,1991,7(4):61-64
    
    
    53.陈锐章.植物抗污机理的研究.植物生理学通讯,1982,1
    54.周丕生,周春华,唐亮,袁永达,孙华.上海野生动物园土壤性状及其综合评价.上海农学院学报,1996,14(3):153-158
    55.周志翔,邵天一,王鹏程,高翅,徐永荣,郭尔祥,徐隆辉,叶贞清,彭行梅,于春杰.武钢厂区绿地景观类型的空间结构及滞尘效应研究.生态学报,2002,22(12):2036-2040
    56.周志翔,侯宝成,李永存.康集生态农场土壤肥力改善的研究.农村生态环境,1994,10(1):41-44
    57.周廷刚,陈云浩,郭达志,陶康华.模糊综合法在城市绿地系统景观生态综合评价中的应用—以上海市为例.城市环境与城市生态,1999,12(4):23—25
    58.孟紫强,祝玉珂.太原城区绿化植物受氯气伤害的特征及其抗性的研究.城市环境与城市生态,1997,10(3):4-7
    59.郁梦德,易敬度.氟污染区绿化树种的选择.生态学杂志,1990,9(2):28-31
    60.郑强.卢圣.城市园林绿地规划.北京:气象出版社,1999.71-73
    61.胡长龙.城市园林绿化—规划设计.北京:中国林业出版社,1993,4—13,164-313
    62.赵小兰.恩施市园林绿化树种的调查和评估.湖北民族学院学报(自然科学皈),2000,18(3):10-12
    63.赵勇,李树人,孙中党,裴保安,王新莉,李孝明,李冠宇.大气酸性污染物对树皮树叶pH值变化的影响.河南农业大学学报,1999,33(4):346-349
    64.唐东芹,杨学军,邵芹英.上海城市绿化树种的生长适应性调查及规划意见.林业科技,2001,26(5):
    65.唐述虞.工厂绿化技术.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986,1-169
    66.敖惠修,夏汉平.大气污染与草坪植物选择.广东园林,1999,(2):42-43
    67.钱永常,余叔文.SO_2对植物的氧化作用和植物的抗氧化作用.植物生理学通讯,1991,27(5):326-331
    68.顾咏洁,刘宏纲,宋永昌.林带改善工厂区环境的作用.城市环境与城市生态,1989,2(3):2-4
    69.高吉喜.二氧化硫对植物新陈代谢的影响(Ⅰ)—对气孔、膜透性与物质代谢的影响.环境科学研究,1997,10(2);36-39
    70.崔晓阳,方怀龙.城市绿地土壤及其管理.北京:中国林业出版社,2001,1-324
    71.曹洪法.我国大气污染及其对植物的影响.生态学报,1990,10(1):8-12
    72.符汽浩,杨小波,吴庆书.城市绿化植物分析.林业科学,1996,32(1):35-43
    73.黄晓全,冯绍龙,周峰.关于园林土壤及持续利用的思考.江西林业科技,2001,3:46-47
    74.粟娟,孙冰,黄家平,何其轩,骆土寿.广州市绿地应用树种结构分析.林业科学研究,1998,11(5):502-507
    75.谢季坚,刘承平.模糊数学方法及其应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000,197-215
    76.谢盛强.依据城市自然条件和规划性质做好行道树种规划.中国园林,1998,14(3):21-22,57
    77.韩素梅.树木气孔浸润级与SO_2伤害及ABA的防护作用.应用生态学报,2001,12(3):425-428
    78.韩淑贞.浅论武钢的绿化及树种选择.湖北林业科技,1989,4:43-45
    79.鲁敏,李英杰,鲁金鹏.绿化树种对大气污染物吸收净化能力的研究.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2):7-9
    80.蓝崇钰,颜丽英.几种植物SO_2的反应及其叶片组织结构的变化.生态科学,1983,1:56-59
    
    
    81.蓝增全.城市绿化树种信息系统的研究-对昆明市城市绿化树种选择提供信息支持的实例.西南林学院学报,2002,22(1):29-38
    82. Benavides M H M , Segura B C . Street trees in Mexico City: delegaciones Iztacalco and Iztapalapa, Federal District. Ciencia Forestal en Mexico, 1996, 21 : 79, 121-164
    83. Burger D W, Forester G W, Kiehl P A. Height, caliper growth and biomass response of ten shade tree species to tree shelters. J, Arboric, 1996, 22: 4, 161-166
    84. Cameron E, Peioso G F. An application of fuzzy logic to the assessment of aquifers' pollution potential. Environmental Geology, 2001,40:1305-1315
    85. Christensen S , Degorska A , Prieme A .Combined assessment of methane oxidation and nitrification: an indicator of air-borne soil pollution. Biol Fertil Soils, 2001, 34:325-333
    86. Fostad F, Pedersen P A. Progeny testing in street trees subjected to roadside soil pollution. J, Arboric, 1998, 24: 3, 127-134
    87. Fostad F , Pedersen P A . Vitality, variation and causes of decline of trees in Oslo center (Norway). J, Arboric, 1997, 23: 4, 155-165
    88. Gibbs J N, Talmer C A. A survey of damage to roadside trees in London by the application of deicing salt during the 1990/1991 winter. J, Arboric, 1994, 18:3, 321-343
    89. Graves W R. Urban soil temperatures and their potential impact on tree growth. J, Arboric, 1994, 20: 1, 24-27
    90. Grey G W, Deneke F J. Urban Forestry. Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 1992
    91. Hua-Kai Chiou, Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng.Fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making approach for industrial green engineering. Environmental Management, 2002, 30(6), 816-830
    92. Jim C Y. Impacts of intensive urbanization on trees in Hong Kong. Environmental Conservation, 1998, 25: 2, 146-159
    93. Jim C Y. Roadside trees in urban Hong Kong: Part Ⅰ. Census methodology. J, Arboric, 1996, 20: 2, 221-223
    94. Maggs R, Wahid A. Effects of ambient air pollution on wheat and rice yield in Pakistan. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1995,85:1311-1316
    95. Ninave S Y, Chaudhari P R, Gajghate D G, Tararl J L.Foliar biochemical features of plants as indicators of air pollution. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2001, 67:133-140
    96. Noriaki Kondo, Issey Maruta. Effects of sulfite and pH on abscisic acid-dependent transpiration and on stomatal opening. Plant and Cell Physiol, 1980, 21 (5): 817-828
    97. Seniczak, Stanislau. Effect of copper smelting air pollution on the mites (acari) associated with young scots pines forests polluted by a copper smelting work. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1997, 94(1-2): 71-84
    98. Sisinni S M, Zipperer W C, Pleninger A G. Impacts from a major ice storm street-tree damage in Rochester, New York. J, Arboric, 1995, 21: 3, 156-167
    99. Williams J D, Fare D C, Gilliam C H, Keever G J, Ponder H G, Owen J T, Creech G. Superior shade tree selections for the Southeastern United States. J, Arboric, 1995, 21 : 3, 118-121
    100. Yook K Y, Alan K. Relation between the shade hours and the landscape tree growth in the apartment housing areas. Korean J of Environment and Eco, 1996, 10: 1, 49-57

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700