电动汽车动力传动系统的匹配与优化研究
|
摘要
本课题所研究内容是基于锦州万得新能源汽车技术有限公司的“E娃系列电动汽车性能改进”项目。以汽车理论、汽车系统动力学、电机学和电化学能为理论基础,对整车动力传动系统进行合理的匹配。对其匹配结果运用AVL Cruise进行运动学仿真。最后运用MATLAB遗传算法工具对传动系传动比进行合理优化,再次通过AVL Cruise进行运动学仿真和实车试验。从而验证优化结果的正确性。
本课题的具体研究内容及成果可归纳为以下几点:
1)讨论了课题的研究目的和意义,就国内外电动汽车的研究情况、成果和发展方向做了论述。
2)以汽车理论、汽车系统动力学、电机学和电化学能为理论基础,分别完成电动汽车动力电池的能源形式、容量大小和单体电池个数的确定;电动机的额定功率、峰值功率、额定转矩、基速和工作电压等参数的确定;依据动力要求确定了传动系传动比。
3)运用AVL Cruise对整车匹配结果进行运动学仿真。
4)以续驶里程为优化目标,运用MATLAB遗传算法工具对传动系传动比进行合理优化,确定编码形式、遗传算子、设计变量和适应度函数。将优化结果再次通过AVL Cruise进行运动学仿真,对比分析优化结果的优劣,从而验证优化结果的正确性。
本文所做的整车动力性匹配研究对电动汽车的初期设计提供了一定的理论依据;对于传动系传动比的优化研究为电动汽车动力性和能耗经济性的提升研究提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值;具有一定的实际意义。
The research content of subject is based on the‘EV series electric vehicle performance improvements’project which is organized by Jinzhou Wonder Alternative Energy Auto Technology Co.,Ltd. The vehicle powertrain is matched reasonable based on vehicle theory, vehicle system dynamics, motor theory and electrochemical energy. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise. The transmission ratio of the transmission system is optimized reasonable by matlab/ genetic algorithm toolbox. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise and tested by real vehicle. The correctness of the optimization is verified.
The specific research content and results of subject can be summarized as follows:
1) The research purpose and significance of subject are discussed. The research of electric vehicles at home and abroad, the results and development direction are discussed.
2) Energy type, capacity and single cells number of the electric vehicle battery are defined. Rated power, peak power, rated torque, rated speed and operating voltage of the motor are defined. Transmission ratio of the transmission system is defined. All these are based on vehicle theory, vehicle system dynamics, motor learning and electrochemical energy.
3) The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise.
4) The transmission ratio of the transmission system is optimized reasonable by matlab/ genetic algorithm toolbox with range as the optimization object. The encoding, genetic operators, design variables and fitness function are defined. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise. The matching result and the optimized result are compared. The correctness of the optimization is verified.
Some theoretical basis is provided to the initial design of electric vehicle which is proposed by the vehicle matching research of the subject. Some theoretical basis and reference value are provided to the electric vehicle dynamic and energy economy enhance research, which is proposed by the optimization research of transmission ratio. It has some practical significance.
本课题的具体研究内容及成果可归纳为以下几点:
1)讨论了课题的研究目的和意义,就国内外电动汽车的研究情况、成果和发展方向做了论述。
2)以汽车理论、汽车系统动力学、电机学和电化学能为理论基础,分别完成电动汽车动力电池的能源形式、容量大小和单体电池个数的确定;电动机的额定功率、峰值功率、额定转矩、基速和工作电压等参数的确定;依据动力要求确定了传动系传动比。
3)运用AVL Cruise对整车匹配结果进行运动学仿真。
4)以续驶里程为优化目标,运用MATLAB遗传算法工具对传动系传动比进行合理优化,确定编码形式、遗传算子、设计变量和适应度函数。将优化结果再次通过AVL Cruise进行运动学仿真,对比分析优化结果的优劣,从而验证优化结果的正确性。
本文所做的整车动力性匹配研究对电动汽车的初期设计提供了一定的理论依据;对于传动系传动比的优化研究为电动汽车动力性和能耗经济性的提升研究提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值;具有一定的实际意义。
The research content of subject is based on the‘EV series electric vehicle performance improvements’project which is organized by Jinzhou Wonder Alternative Energy Auto Technology Co.,Ltd. The vehicle powertrain is matched reasonable based on vehicle theory, vehicle system dynamics, motor theory and electrochemical energy. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise. The transmission ratio of the transmission system is optimized reasonable by matlab/ genetic algorithm toolbox. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise and tested by real vehicle. The correctness of the optimization is verified.
The specific research content and results of subject can be summarized as follows:
1) The research purpose and significance of subject are discussed. The research of electric vehicles at home and abroad, the results and development direction are discussed.
2) Energy type, capacity and single cells number of the electric vehicle battery are defined. Rated power, peak power, rated torque, rated speed and operating voltage of the motor are defined. Transmission ratio of the transmission system is defined. All these are based on vehicle theory, vehicle system dynamics, motor learning and electrochemical energy.
3) The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise.
4) The transmission ratio of the transmission system is optimized reasonable by matlab/ genetic algorithm toolbox with range as the optimization object. The encoding, genetic operators, design variables and fitness function are defined. The matching results are simulated by AVL Cruise. The matching result and the optimized result are compared. The correctness of the optimization is verified.
Some theoretical basis is provided to the initial design of electric vehicle which is proposed by the vehicle matching research of the subject. Some theoretical basis and reference value are provided to the electric vehicle dynamic and energy economy enhance research, which is proposed by the optimization research of transmission ratio. It has some practical significance.
引文
1田美娥.我国发展电动汽车的必要性与趋势.西安石油大学期刊中心, 2010, 25(5): 89-91
2中国社会经济调查研究中心.中国纯电动汽车行业市场调查分析报告[R], 2008
3陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社: 2002
4 Chan C C. An overview of electric vehicle technology. Proceedings of IEEE. Vol81. 1993. 1201~1213
5 Chan C C. The 21st Century Green Transportation Means. Electric vehicles. National Kay Book Series in Chinese. Beijing. Tsing Hua University Press, 2000
6 Proceedings of the 17th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2000
7 Powering the Future. Ballard Automotive. 1999
8 Proceedings of the 17th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2000
9 Proceedings of the 11th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1992
10 Proceedings of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1998
11 Proceedings of the 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1999
12 Adler U and Bazlen W. Automotive Handbook, 2nd Edition. Stuttgart: Robert Bosch, 1982
13 Work V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 32. 1995. 16~21
14 Work V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 32. 1996. 9~11
15 Micheal H Westbrook. The Electric Car. London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers. 2001
16余志生.汽车理论.第5版.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009. 3
17何洪文,余晓江,孙逢春,张承宁.电动汽车电机驱动系统动力特性分析[A].中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(6): 136-140
18 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, Ali Emadi. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: fundamentals, theory, and design. CRC Press, part of Taylor & Francis Group LLC, 2005
19 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, Ali Emadi.现代电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池车:基本原理、理论和设计.倪光正,倪培宏,熊素铭译.北京:机械工业出版社: 2008. 6
20李秀芬,雷跃峰.电动汽车关键技术发展综述.上海汽车, 2006. 01: 8-10
21黄松,徐满年.汽车之感悟.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2007. 06
22姜辉.电动汽车传动系统的匹配及优化.哈尔冰工业大学硕士学位论文, 2006. 06
23万沛霖.电动汽车的关键技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社: 1998
24刘清虎,郭孔辉.动力参数的选择对纯电动汽车性能的影响.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 30(3): 62-64
25姬芬竹,高峰,周荣.电动汽车传动系统参数设计和续驶里程研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2006. 06: 426-428
26李征,周荣.电动汽车驱动电机选配方法.汽车技术: 2007. 02: 16-18
27张珍,陈丁跃,刘栋.纯电动汽车驱动系统的参数设计及匹配.上海汽车: 2010. 08: 7-9
28辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社: 2005. 5
29邹积勇.电动汽车控制策略研究.天津大学博士学位论文, 2007
30白中浩,曹立波,杨健.纯电动汽车用动力电池性能评价方法研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版): 2006. 10(05)
31鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究.华中电力: 2010年第5期: 16-20
32岳仁超,王艳.电池管理系统的设计.智能电器及计算机应用, 2010-11: 31-34
33徐曼珍.新型蓄电池原理与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2005. 1. 1
34何仁.汽车动力性燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用.机械工业出版社, 1995
35姬芬竹,高峰,周荣.纯电动汽车传动系参数匹配的研究[A].汽车科技, 2005(06): 22-24
36曾虎,黄菊花.纯电动汽车的电机与变速器匹配[A].装备制造技术, 2010(02): 40-42
37余朝蓬,高峰,王营,姬芬竹.农用电动汽车动力系统参数匹配优化及动力性验证[A].农机化研究, 2009(05): 204-207
38郭孔辉,姜辉,张建伟.电动汽车传动系统的匹配及优化.科学技术与工程: 2010. 06: 3892-3896
39高维山.变速器.北京:人民交通出版社, 1990. 08
40杜发荣,吴志新.电动汽车传动系统参数设计和续驶里程研究.农业机械学报: 2006. 11: 9-11
41 AVL Cruise(V3.0) HELP
42张翔,钱立军,张炳力,赵韩.电动汽车仿真软件进展.系统仿真学报: 2004. 08: 1621-1623
43刘清虎.纯电动汽车整车能量建模与仿真分析.湖南大学硕士学位论文, 2003
44杨超.电动汽车动力学建模与仿真研究.武汉:武汉理工大学汽车学院: 2007
45刘俊.电动汽车电动轮驱动技术仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文, 2005
46姬芬竹,高峰,吴志新.电动汽车传动系参数设计及动力性仿真.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006. 01: 108-111
47曾小华,于永涛,王加雪,王庆年,王鹏宇.基于CRUISE软件的混合动力客车主动同步换档的建模与仿真.吉林大学学报(工学版): 2008. 09(05)
48王庆年,于永涛,曾小华,于远彬.基于CRUISE软件的混合动力汽车正向仿真平台的开发.吉林大学学报(工学版): 2009. 11(06)
49文孝霞,杜子学,董英均.基于CRUISE天然气客车动力传动系统优化模拟研究.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版): 2008. 12(06)
50陈斐雅,刘祚时.基于CRUSE研究不同主减速比对汽车动力性的影响.科学技术与工程: 2010. 11(33)
51王保华,罗永革.基于CRUSE的汽车建模与仿真.湖北汽车工业学院学报: 2005. 06(02)
52刘振军,赵海峰,秦大同.基于CRUISE的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版): 2005. 11(11)
53赵璐,周云山,邓阳庆,闫涛.基于CRUISE的DCT整车动力传动系匹配仿真研究.汽车技术: 2011(01)
54张翔.汽车仿真软件CRUISE的分析与应用.汽车电器: 2006(7)
55王瑞敏,张帆.纯电动车动力系统选型和基于AVL Cruise的性能仿真.移动电源与车辆: 2010(04)
56孙文瑜,徐成贤,朱德通.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版社, 2004. 08
57李元科.工程最优化设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006. 8
58汪学明.纯电动汽车传动系统参数优化的仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文, 2009
59孙文瑜,徐成贤,朱德通.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版社, 2004. 08
60雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005: 1~12
61黄友锐.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社: 2008. 01
62何新,田金鑫,湖泊.基于遗传算法的汽车拉式离合器膜片弹簧结构参数优化设计.汽车实用技术: 2011(05)
63李焱.基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法.科技信息: 2011(09)
64张聚梅,王洪伦.基于遗传算法和模拟退火算法的B样条曲线拟合.计算机工程与科学: 2011(03)
65马立虎,李洋,洪文.一种基于遗传算法的相干最优算法.现代雷达: 2011(02)
66张长胜,欧阳丹彤,岳娜,张永刚.一种基于遗传算法和LM算法的混合学习算法.吉林大学学报(理学版): 2008(04)
2中国社会经济调查研究中心.中国纯电动汽车行业市场调查分析报告[R], 2008
3陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社: 2002
4 Chan C C. An overview of electric vehicle technology. Proceedings of IEEE. Vol81. 1993. 1201~1213
5 Chan C C. The 21st Century Green Transportation Means. Electric vehicles. National Kay Book Series in Chinese. Beijing. Tsing Hua University Press, 2000
6 Proceedings of the 17th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2000
7 Powering the Future. Ballard Automotive. 1999
8 Proceedings of the 17th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2000
9 Proceedings of the 11th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1992
10 Proceedings of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1998
11 Proceedings of the 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1999
12 Adler U and Bazlen W. Automotive Handbook, 2nd Edition. Stuttgart: Robert Bosch, 1982
13 Work V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 32. 1995. 16~21
14 Work V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 32. 1996. 9~11
15 Micheal H Westbrook. The Electric Car. London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers. 2001
16余志生.汽车理论.第5版.北京:机械工业出版社, 2009. 3
17何洪文,余晓江,孙逢春,张承宁.电动汽车电机驱动系统动力特性分析[A].中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(6): 136-140
18 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, Ali Emadi. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: fundamentals, theory, and design. CRC Press, part of Taylor & Francis Group LLC, 2005
19 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, Ali Emadi.现代电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池车:基本原理、理论和设计.倪光正,倪培宏,熊素铭译.北京:机械工业出版社: 2008. 6
20李秀芬,雷跃峰.电动汽车关键技术发展综述.上海汽车, 2006. 01: 8-10
21黄松,徐满年.汽车之感悟.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2007. 06
22姜辉.电动汽车传动系统的匹配及优化.哈尔冰工业大学硕士学位论文, 2006. 06
23万沛霖.电动汽车的关键技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社: 1998
24刘清虎,郭孔辉.动力参数的选择对纯电动汽车性能的影响.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 30(3): 62-64
25姬芬竹,高峰,周荣.电动汽车传动系统参数设计和续驶里程研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2006. 06: 426-428
26李征,周荣.电动汽车驱动电机选配方法.汽车技术: 2007. 02: 16-18
27张珍,陈丁跃,刘栋.纯电动汽车驱动系统的参数设计及匹配.上海汽车: 2010. 08: 7-9
28辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永前.电机学.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社: 2005. 5
29邹积勇.电动汽车控制策略研究.天津大学博士学位论文, 2007
30白中浩,曹立波,杨健.纯电动汽车用动力电池性能评价方法研究.湖南大学学报(自然科学版): 2006. 10(05)
31鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究.华中电力: 2010年第5期: 16-20
32岳仁超,王艳.电池管理系统的设计.智能电器及计算机应用, 2010-11: 31-34
33徐曼珍.新型蓄电池原理与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2005. 1. 1
34何仁.汽车动力性燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用.机械工业出版社, 1995
35姬芬竹,高峰,周荣.纯电动汽车传动系参数匹配的研究[A].汽车科技, 2005(06): 22-24
36曾虎,黄菊花.纯电动汽车的电机与变速器匹配[A].装备制造技术, 2010(02): 40-42
37余朝蓬,高峰,王营,姬芬竹.农用电动汽车动力系统参数匹配优化及动力性验证[A].农机化研究, 2009(05): 204-207
38郭孔辉,姜辉,张建伟.电动汽车传动系统的匹配及优化.科学技术与工程: 2010. 06: 3892-3896
39高维山.变速器.北京:人民交通出版社, 1990. 08
40杜发荣,吴志新.电动汽车传动系统参数设计和续驶里程研究.农业机械学报: 2006. 11: 9-11
41 AVL Cruise(V3.0) HELP
42张翔,钱立军,张炳力,赵韩.电动汽车仿真软件进展.系统仿真学报: 2004. 08: 1621-1623
43刘清虎.纯电动汽车整车能量建模与仿真分析.湖南大学硕士学位论文, 2003
44杨超.电动汽车动力学建模与仿真研究.武汉:武汉理工大学汽车学院: 2007
45刘俊.电动汽车电动轮驱动技术仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文, 2005
46姬芬竹,高峰,吴志新.电动汽车传动系参数设计及动力性仿真.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006. 01: 108-111
47曾小华,于永涛,王加雪,王庆年,王鹏宇.基于CRUISE软件的混合动力客车主动同步换档的建模与仿真.吉林大学学报(工学版): 2008. 09(05)
48王庆年,于永涛,曾小华,于远彬.基于CRUISE软件的混合动力汽车正向仿真平台的开发.吉林大学学报(工学版): 2009. 11(06)
49文孝霞,杜子学,董英均.基于CRUISE天然气客车动力传动系统优化模拟研究.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版): 2008. 12(06)
50陈斐雅,刘祚时.基于CRUSE研究不同主减速比对汽车动力性的影响.科学技术与工程: 2010. 11(33)
51王保华,罗永革.基于CRUSE的汽车建模与仿真.湖北汽车工业学院学报: 2005. 06(02)
52刘振军,赵海峰,秦大同.基于CRUISE的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析.重庆大学学报(自然科学版): 2005. 11(11)
53赵璐,周云山,邓阳庆,闫涛.基于CRUISE的DCT整车动力传动系匹配仿真研究.汽车技术: 2011(01)
54张翔.汽车仿真软件CRUISE的分析与应用.汽车电器: 2006(7)
55王瑞敏,张帆.纯电动车动力系统选型和基于AVL Cruise的性能仿真.移动电源与车辆: 2010(04)
56孙文瑜,徐成贤,朱德通.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版社, 2004. 08
57李元科.工程最优化设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006. 8
58汪学明.纯电动汽车传动系统参数优化的仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文, 2009
59孙文瑜,徐成贤,朱德通.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版社, 2004. 08
60雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005: 1~12
61黄友锐.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社: 2008. 01
62何新,田金鑫,湖泊.基于遗传算法的汽车拉式离合器膜片弹簧结构参数优化设计.汽车实用技术: 2011(05)
63李焱.基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法.科技信息: 2011(09)
64张聚梅,王洪伦.基于遗传算法和模拟退火算法的B样条曲线拟合.计算机工程与科学: 2011(03)
65马立虎,李洋,洪文.一种基于遗传算法的相干最优算法.现代雷达: 2011(02)
66张长胜,欧阳丹彤,岳娜,张永刚.一种基于遗传算法和LM算法的混合学习算法.吉林大学学报(理学版): 2008(04)