空气悬架导向机构的性能分析与优化
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摘要
本文以一款高档旅游客车的空气悬架导向机构为研究对象,对其进行了虚拟仿真、性能分析及优化等方面的研究。分析了空气悬架导向机构对整车操纵稳定性和平顺性的影响,从客车前轮定位参数和空气悬架导向机构机械强度两方面入手,对空气悬架导向机构进行了优化。
利用Pro/E软件建立前、后空气弹簧悬架的三维CAD模型;以多体系统动力学理论为基础,应用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS,建立了空气悬架客车前悬架、后悬架及转向系等多体系统动力学模型,在此基础上创建了包括发动机、车身、前后轮胎等在内的整车模型。
对客车进行了直角弯道试验,在ADAMS中进行了与其对应的整车模拟仿真,结果表明实验数据与仿真数据比较吻合,验证了所创建的整车模型的正确性,从而确认了前、后悬架模型的正确性。
基于试验设计(DOE)对前悬架导向机构的空间位置安装点进行参数化分析。建立了线性、二次和三次回归模型,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS拟合回归方程,并对回归模型进行了评价。将这三种模型的仿真结果进行对比,发现三次回归模型拟合效果较好。根据三次回归模型计算结果得出每个设计变量对各个分目标函数的影响程度,最终通过对模型优化确定了优化方案。
最后借助于ANSYS Workbench协同仿真环境中CAD与CAE参数双向同步传输功能,建立与空气悬架导向机构的Pro/E模型参数同步更新的有限元模型。在ANSYS Workbench中,选取空气悬架导向机构推力杆总成关键尺寸的参数作为优化变量,建立了以应力和质量为目标函数的多目标、多变量优化模型。针对设计参数对导向机构纵向推力杆总成各零件强度的影响进行了分析,通过综合分析优化目标的敏感度和设计空间,得出了优化方案。
Virtual simulation,performance analysis and optimization are used for the air suspension guiding mechanism of advanced air suspension passenger car.It is analyzed that the air suspension guiding mechanism has an effect on handling stability and ride comfort.In addition,the air suspension guiding mechanism is optimized based on front wheel alignment parameters and mechanical strength of guiding mechanism.
3D model of front and rear air spring suspension are established in Pro/E.Based on the theory of multi-body system dynamics,multi-body system dynamics models of front and rear suspensions model are built in ADAMS.Furthermore,the full vehicle model including engine,steering system,front and rear tire and so on are built based on the front and rear suspension.
The test and simulation about the passenger car are achieved.The results tally with each in contrast test with simulation.Thus,it can be gained that not only the simulation model is correct but also the model of front and rear suspension is accurate.
Furthermore,the installation location of front and rear air suspension guide mechanism is analyzed(Design of Experiments).Besides,linear, quadric and cubic regression model are build.It shows that result of cubic regression model is best according to comparing with two other results.The effect on objects can be obtained according to result of cubic regression model mentioned above.Finally,a kind of optimized design scheme is obtained.
Finally,a parameterized 3D model for an air suspension guiding mechanism is built in Pro/E.The finite element model,which is synchronized with Pro/E based on the two-way parametric transmission tool built in ANSYS Workbench,is established.The optimization model of the propelling rod assembly,in which the critical geometries of assembly are taken as design variables and the maximum stress of certain critical parts of the assembly of the total mass are taken as objective functions,is developed for the purpose of decreasing the maximum stress and the total mass.The effect of design variables on the stress of each part is analyzed.A feasible optimization scheme is obtained,based on the sensitivity and design space analysis of the optimization objectives.The strength performance is improved significantly while the total mass is reduced.The optimization results show that the proposed method is easy to implement and able to obtain optimal design.
利用Pro/E软件建立前、后空气弹簧悬架的三维CAD模型;以多体系统动力学理论为基础,应用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS,建立了空气悬架客车前悬架、后悬架及转向系等多体系统动力学模型,在此基础上创建了包括发动机、车身、前后轮胎等在内的整车模型。
对客车进行了直角弯道试验,在ADAMS中进行了与其对应的整车模拟仿真,结果表明实验数据与仿真数据比较吻合,验证了所创建的整车模型的正确性,从而确认了前、后悬架模型的正确性。
基于试验设计(DOE)对前悬架导向机构的空间位置安装点进行参数化分析。建立了线性、二次和三次回归模型,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS拟合回归方程,并对回归模型进行了评价。将这三种模型的仿真结果进行对比,发现三次回归模型拟合效果较好。根据三次回归模型计算结果得出每个设计变量对各个分目标函数的影响程度,最终通过对模型优化确定了优化方案。
最后借助于ANSYS Workbench协同仿真环境中CAD与CAE参数双向同步传输功能,建立与空气悬架导向机构的Pro/E模型参数同步更新的有限元模型。在ANSYS Workbench中,选取空气悬架导向机构推力杆总成关键尺寸的参数作为优化变量,建立了以应力和质量为目标函数的多目标、多变量优化模型。针对设计参数对导向机构纵向推力杆总成各零件强度的影响进行了分析,通过综合分析优化目标的敏感度和设计空间,得出了优化方案。
Virtual simulation,performance analysis and optimization are used for the air suspension guiding mechanism of advanced air suspension passenger car.It is analyzed that the air suspension guiding mechanism has an effect on handling stability and ride comfort.In addition,the air suspension guiding mechanism is optimized based on front wheel alignment parameters and mechanical strength of guiding mechanism.
3D model of front and rear air spring suspension are established in Pro/E.Based on the theory of multi-body system dynamics,multi-body system dynamics models of front and rear suspensions model are built in ADAMS.Furthermore,the full vehicle model including engine,steering system,front and rear tire and so on are built based on the front and rear suspension.
The test and simulation about the passenger car are achieved.The results tally with each in contrast test with simulation.Thus,it can be gained that not only the simulation model is correct but also the model of front and rear suspension is accurate.
Furthermore,the installation location of front and rear air suspension guide mechanism is analyzed(Design of Experiments).Besides,linear, quadric and cubic regression model are build.It shows that result of cubic regression model is best according to comparing with two other results.The effect on objects can be obtained according to result of cubic regression model mentioned above.Finally,a kind of optimized design scheme is obtained.
Finally,a parameterized 3D model for an air suspension guiding mechanism is built in Pro/E.The finite element model,which is synchronized with Pro/E based on the two-way parametric transmission tool built in ANSYS Workbench,is established.The optimization model of the propelling rod assembly,in which the critical geometries of assembly are taken as design variables and the maximum stress of certain critical parts of the assembly of the total mass are taken as objective functions,is developed for the purpose of decreasing the maximum stress and the total mass.The effect of design variables on the stress of each part is analyzed.A feasible optimization scheme is obtained,based on the sensitivity and design space analysis of the optimization objectives.The strength performance is improved significantly while the total mass is reduced.The optimization results show that the proposed method is easy to implement and able to obtain optimal design.
引文
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