纯电动汽车的操纵稳定性和平顺性研究
摘要
目前,我国作为汽车制造大国,却因为缺乏汽车产品开发的核心技术而未能成为汽车强国,同时,我国的汽车动力学技术仍处于直接购买产品、引进或仿制阶段。本文基于电动汽车动力学理论研究的基础上,应用虚拟样机软件ADAMS/Car建立电动汽车整车仿真模型,并联合应用ADAMS/Insight模块对整车进行操纵稳定性和平顺性的协同优化设计,为车辆动力学研究提供一种有效的分析和优化方法。主要研究内容和创新为：
(1)在对电动汽车动力学进行理论研究的基础上,确定汽车的底盘布置方案,校核汽车车架的强度和刚度。
(2)应用ADAMS/Car软件分别建立麦弗逊前悬架系统、钢板弹簧后悬架系统、驱动电机系统、动力电池系统、转向系统、前后轮胎和车身等子系统模型,装配组合成整车仿真模型。
(3)根据我国标准的相关要求,编写驱动控制文件和驱动参数文件,并对整车虚拟样机模型进行4种操纵稳定性试验,分析评价其操纵稳定性。
(4)建立B级路面文件,驱动整车模型进行随机路面输入和脉冲路面输入行驶2种平顺性试验,分析评价整车的平顺性。
(5)应用ADAMS/Insight模块,采用试验设计和分析优化的方法,优化麦弗逊前悬架模型,优化整车模型,提高整车的操纵稳定性和平顺性。
(6)针对设计研制的纯电动汽车,进行道路试验,并将试验结果和仿真结果进行对比,验证模型的精确性和优化设计的可行性。
At present, our country as a car manufacturing power failed to become a power because of the lack of t core technology of developing automotive product. At the same time, China's automotive dynamics technology is still in direct purchase products, introduced or imitation stage. Set up electric auto simulation model using virtual prototype software ADAMS/Car in this paper. Do handing and ride performance optimization design using ADAMS/Insight module.to the car steering stability of the peace of collaborative optimization design. For vehicle dynamics research provides an effective analysis and optimization method. The main research contents and innovation are as follows:
(1) Determine a project of chassis layout, and check the strength of vehicle frame and axles based on EV dynamics theory research.
(2) Apply ADAMS/Car software to build Macpherson front suspension, steel leaf spring, diving electric generator, power battery system, steering system, front and back tires and body subsystem model, etc. Assemble subsystems in accordance with the actual situation of the physical sample to complete EV simulation model.
(3) Write a driver control documents and drive parameter to do4kinds of stability tests with the virtual prototype model according to the requirements of the national standard. Analysis and evaluate the handing performance of EV.
(4) Establish a grade B road files to do random road input and pulse road input ride comfort tests with the virtual prototype model, and analysis and evaluation the ride performance of EV.
(5) Apply ADAMS/Insight to optimize Macpherson front suspension and the whole vehicle's handing and ride performance with experimental design and analysis optimization method.
(6) Do the road test for the design and development of EV, to verify the accuracy of the model and the feasibility of optimization design by compared with the experimental results and simulation results.
(1)在对电动汽车动力学进行理论研究的基础上,确定汽车的底盘布置方案,校核汽车车架的强度和刚度。
(2)应用ADAMS/Car软件分别建立麦弗逊前悬架系统、钢板弹簧后悬架系统、驱动电机系统、动力电池系统、转向系统、前后轮胎和车身等子系统模型,装配组合成整车仿真模型。
(3)根据我国标准的相关要求,编写驱动控制文件和驱动参数文件,并对整车虚拟样机模型进行4种操纵稳定性试验,分析评价其操纵稳定性。
(4)建立B级路面文件,驱动整车模型进行随机路面输入和脉冲路面输入行驶2种平顺性试验,分析评价整车的平顺性。
(5)应用ADAMS/Insight模块,采用试验设计和分析优化的方法,优化麦弗逊前悬架模型,优化整车模型,提高整车的操纵稳定性和平顺性。
(6)针对设计研制的纯电动汽车,进行道路试验,并将试验结果和仿真结果进行对比,验证模型的精确性和优化设计的可行性。
At present, our country as a car manufacturing power failed to become a power because of the lack of t core technology of developing automotive product. At the same time, China's automotive dynamics technology is still in direct purchase products, introduced or imitation stage. Set up electric auto simulation model using virtual prototype software ADAMS/Car in this paper. Do handing and ride performance optimization design using ADAMS/Insight module.to the car steering stability of the peace of collaborative optimization design. For vehicle dynamics research provides an effective analysis and optimization method. The main research contents and innovation are as follows:
(1) Determine a project of chassis layout, and check the strength of vehicle frame and axles based on EV dynamics theory research.
(2) Apply ADAMS/Car software to build Macpherson front suspension, steel leaf spring, diving electric generator, power battery system, steering system, front and back tires and body subsystem model, etc. Assemble subsystems in accordance with the actual situation of the physical sample to complete EV simulation model.
(3) Write a driver control documents and drive parameter to do4kinds of stability tests with the virtual prototype model according to the requirements of the national standard. Analysis and evaluate the handing performance of EV.
(4) Establish a grade B road files to do random road input and pulse road input ride comfort tests with the virtual prototype model, and analysis and evaluation the ride performance of EV.
(5) Apply ADAMS/Insight to optimize Macpherson front suspension and the whole vehicle's handing and ride performance with experimental design and analysis optimization method.
(6) Do the road test for the design and development of EV, to verify the accuracy of the model and the feasibility of optimization design by compared with the experimental results and simulation results.
引文
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[2]. Lanchester F W. Some Problem Peculiar to the Design of an Automobile [J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Automobile Engineer,1908, vol.2:187-257.
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[9]. Segel L. Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Substantiation of the Response of the Automobile to Steering Control [J]. Proceedings of Imeche. Automobile Division,1956-1957, No.7:310-330.
[10]. Michael W Sayers. A Generic Mutibody Vehicle Model for Simulating Handing and Braking [J]. Vehicle System Dynamics.1996 vol (25) Suppl:599-613.
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[12].MacAdam C C. Application of an optimal preview control for simulation of closed-loop automobile driving. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,1981,11 (6):393-399.
[13].McRuer D T, Allen R W, Weir D, et al., New results in driver steering control model. Human Factors,1977,19 (4):381-397.
[14].R. Wade Allen, Henry T.Szostak, Theodore J.Rosenthal, David H.Klyde, Keith J.Owens. Characteristics Influencing Ground Vehicle Lateral/Directional Dynamic Stability [J]. SAE Paper 910234,1991.
[15]. S. Cherry, R. PJones. Fuzzy logic control of automotive suspension system [J], IEE,1995, Vol142,No.2:149-160.
[16].Hemsel T, Wallaschek J. State of the art and develop-ment trends of ultrasonic linear motors[C]//2000 IIEEE Ultrasomics Symposium. Vancouver. BC, Canada:[s. n.],2000.
[17].Stefaan Duym, Randy Stiens, Koenraad Reybrouck. Evolution of shock absorber models [J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,1997,27 (2):109-127.
[18].郭孔辉.人—车—路闭环操纵系统主动安全性的综合评价与优化设计[J].汽车技术,1993(4)：4-12.
[19].郭孔辉.预瞄跟随理论与人—车闭环系统大角度操纵运动仿真[J].汽车工程,1992,14(1)：1-11.
[20].林逸,张洪欣,温吾凡.多刚体系统动力学在汽车独立悬架运动分析中的应用[J].汽车工程,1990(])：15-28.
[21].温吾凡,林逸.平面机械系统运动学的分析方法[J].吉林大学学报,1990(4)：87-95.
[22].张越今.汽车多体动力学及计算机仿真[M].吉林：吉林科学技术出版社,1998.
[23].张越今.多体系统动力学分析的两大软件——ADAMS和DADS[J]汽车技术,1997(3)：16-20.
[24].袁忠诚,卢荡,郭孔辉UniTire与Magic Formula稳态模型的对比研究[J].汽车技术,2006(2)：7-11.
[25].洪嘉振.计算多体系统动力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1999.
[26].袁世杰等.多刚体系统动力学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[27].张洪欣编著.汽车系统动力学[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1996.
[28].李玲洁.汽车操纵稳定性虚拟试验技术研究[D].长安：长安大学,2011.
[29].Wang Honglun,Gong Liehang,Xiao Bin'an. Simulation and application of construction machinery based on virtual prototyping technology[J].Chinese Journal of Construction Macchinery,2008,6(2):180-183.
[30].尹念东,王树凤,余群.虚拟现实技术及其在汽车工程中的应用前景[J].上海汽车,2000,5(23)：17-20.
[31].谢鹏.基于虚拟样机的电动助力转向系统动力学研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2011.
[32].梅奋永.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性仿真研究[D].合肥：合肥工业大学.2005.
[33].陈军MSC.ADAMS技术与工程分析实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.207-267.
[34].喻凡,林逸编箸.汽车系统动力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.
[35].刘灵芝.CH7110电动汽车总体设计及动力系统参数匹配研究[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2007.
[36].查鸿山,宗志坚,刘忠途,伍庆龙.纯电动汽车动力匹配计算与仿真[J].中山大学工学院,2010,49(5)：47-51
[37].孙根柱.基于Hyper Works的半挂车车架有限元分析和轻量化研究[D].青岛：青岛理工大学硕士论文,2010.
[38].吕东升,王东方,苏小平.基于HYPERWORKS的某客车车架有限元分析[J].机械设计与制造,2011,3：11-12.
[39].黄超群,来飞,胡玉梅.重型货车架纵梁静动强度分析[J].煤矿机械,2010,31(4)：86-87.
[40].房洪斌.基于ADAMS的纯电动客车建模及性能分析和结构改进[D].吉林：吉林大学,2009.
[41].王臣涛.基于ASAMS的整车操纵稳定性与平顺性[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2010.
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