海藻生物活性成分的超临界CO_2萃取及其抗氧化作用研究
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摘要
海藻中含丰富的多糖、藻胆蛋白、多不饱和脂肪酸、色素等生物活性成分,具有清除自由基与抑制氧化、抗肿瘤、改善血液循环系统、抗菌与抗炎及保护皮肤组织、抗衰老等功能。本研究从绿藻、蓝藻、褐藻中筛选出含抗氧化活性高的蛋白核小球藻和螺旋藻,研究了这两种海藻生物活性成分的超临界CO_2萃取工艺和技术,优化萃取工艺参数;研究了提取物的In Vitro抗氧化活性,分析抗氧化作用的主要成分,主要研究结果如下:
     1.用索氏提取法提取蛋白核小球藻、螺旋藻和马尾藻的生物活性物质,蛋白核小球藻提取物得率1.42±0.22%,DPPH清除率达97.8±1.3%;螺旋藻提取物得率1.18±0.23%,DPPH清除率达84.0±00.3%;马尾藻提取物得率0.58±0.11%,DPPH清除率达41.7±0.5%;根据生物活性成分的含量和提取物的抗氧化活性,筛选出蛋白核小球藻和螺旋藻作为本研究的原料。
     2.用超临界CO_2萃取技术提取蛋白核小球藻活性物质,选定萃取的温度、压力、CO_2流量、夹带剂用量、时间等五个因素,设计L_(16)(4~5)正交试验,以得率为指标,并研究了各试验组提取物DPPH清除率和抑制亚油酸氧化能力,筛选出最佳工艺参数:萃取压力为40MPa、萃取温度为47℃、夹带用量为1.5ml乙醇/g物料、CO_2流量为30L/h、提取时间为1.5h,获得的粗提取物得率7.54%,提取物抗氧化活性高于BHT、Trolox和α-生育酚。
     3.应用响应曲面法设计超临界CO_2萃取螺旋藻实验,萃取中不加夹带剂、仪器CO_2流量为20L/h,研究了主要参数(萃取温度、压力、时间)对螺旋藻抗氧化物质萃取得率、活性大小的影响,得到提取率模型方程:
     Response=7.11900-0.26063×A-0.014275×B-1.14775×C+3.22656E-003×A~2+5.90000E-004×B~2+0.13400×C~2-6.56250E-004×A×B+0.011563×A×C优化工艺参数为:萃取温度48℃、压力20MPa、萃取时间4小时。
     4.优化条件下,螺旋藻得率15.6g/kg,提取物中黄酮类物质含量85.1g/kg,β-胡萝卜素含量77.8g/kg,维生素A含量113.2g/kg,维生素E3.4g/kg,脂肪类物质含量700g/kg。脂肪酸组成中,γ-亚麻酸占21.66%,亚油酸占20.58%。提取物抗氧化活性能力和α-生育酚标准品相近。
Marine algae contains highly polysaccharides, phycobiliprotein and polyunsaturated fatty acid as well as pigments which are supposed to have the capacity of radicals scavenging, inhibition against lipid oxidation, tumor-preventing, blood circulation improving, antibiosis, anti-inflammatory, dermerto-protection and anti-aging as well. In our studies, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis with high antioxidant actives were screened out from chlorella, blue-green algae and brown algae. Optimization were made on the extraction techniques and extracting parameters of bioactive components from these two varieties of chlorella by SC-CO_2. In vitro antioxidant activities of SC-CO_2 extracts were investigated and the results were showed as followed:
    1. Soxhlet Extraction was performed to extract bioactive components from Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Spirulina and guljweed. The yield from Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 1.42±0.22% and radical scavenging capability was shown to be 97.8± 1.3%. However, yield from Spirulina was 1.18±0.23% and its radical quenching activity, 84.0± 0.3%. The yield from guljweed was 0.58±0.11% and its radical quenching activity, 41.7±0.5%. Based on the above results, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina were therefore subject for investigation on yields and antioxidant acvitites of bioactive components.
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