基于NiosⅡ的智能液晶终端系统设计
摘要
液晶显示器(LCD)由于其功耗低、体积小、重量轻等许多其他显示器无法比拟的优点,被广泛应用于工业控制和消费电子等领域。液晶显示器越来越多地成为各种仪器仪表和测控系统中的人机交互界面和显示模块。控制液晶显示器在硬件设计和软件编程上都具有较大的难度,而且用点阵来操作字符和图形的显示也是一件非常烦琐的工作。目前国内外已有很多公司开发出液晶控制芯片。但是,各公司生产的液晶控制芯片只适用于自己公司生产的液晶显示屏,针对性比较强,可移植性差,成本较高,不利于在低成本民用产品中广泛使用,给液晶显示产品的开发带来了诸多不便。因此开发出具有通用接口的液晶显示系统具有现实意义。
本课题立足于液晶显示产业高速发展的现实,结合目前液晶显示控制器的现状,设计出基于NiosⅡ的智能液晶终端系统。该系统以Altera公司的FPGA为核心,结合320×240 TFT LCD组建了硬件平台。课题设计了具有可移植性的LCD控制器IP核,在FPGA内部构建基于NiosⅡ的嵌入式系统,在NiosⅡ上软件编程,实现智能液晶终端系统的字符、图形、图片显示和屏幕数据实时存储等多种功能。由于硬件平台利用FPGA作为整个设计的核心,因此该系统设计方案灵活,体积小、成本低、可移植,适用于多种电子产品的开发。另外,通过对Bresenham画圆算法的改进,生成了一种新的四点画圆算法,该算法在保证原有画圆精度的前提下大大提高了画圆速度。
最后的验证表明,本课题设计的智能液晶终端系统成功完成了各项预定功能,二次开发者只需通过串口发送指令的方式就能在该系统上设计出丰富的图形界面,大大节省了专业产品开发的时间。
Liquid crystal display (LCD) is widely used in industrial control and consumer electronic fields because of its incomparable advantages such as low power consumption, small volume, and light weight etc, which are beyond many other displays. LCD increasingly becomes the man-machine interface and display module of all sorts of instrumentation, measurement and control system. Controlling LCD has a very great difficulty in whether the hardware or software programming and using dot matrix to operate display of characters and graphics is also a very complicated work. At present there are many companies that develop LCD control at home and abroad. However, the firms which product the LCD control chip is only applicable to your firm, provided to sex is strong, high and low cost against the civilian products widely used, the LCD display products to the development much inconvenience. Therefore develop a common interface LCD display system has the real meaning.
This subject is established in high development of liquid crystal display industry now,and the LCD display control of the status quo, also intelligence LCD terminal system based on NiosⅡ. Intelligent LCD terminal system takes FPGA of Altera Company as centre, combining 320 by 240 TFT LCD set up hardware platforms. The subject to control the LCD ip in the establishment of an embedded system based on NiosⅡ, the software NiosⅡprogramming, to realize the intelligent LCD terminal system of characters, graphic display, and the serial communication of functions. Because of hardware platforms FPGA takes the design of the core of the system as design scheme, small volume, low portable, applies to many kinds of electronic product development. In addition, through improving the bresenham draw a circle of the method to build a new kind of four drawing a circle, which greatly increases speed of drawing circles, in ensure accuracy of circle.
Final verification indicates that the issue of intelligent LCD terminal system design successfully completed its due functions, the developers only through the serial port send instructions to the system who can design the graphical interface and save the professional development.
本课题立足于液晶显示产业高速发展的现实,结合目前液晶显示控制器的现状,设计出基于NiosⅡ的智能液晶终端系统。该系统以Altera公司的FPGA为核心,结合320×240 TFT LCD组建了硬件平台。课题设计了具有可移植性的LCD控制器IP核,在FPGA内部构建基于NiosⅡ的嵌入式系统,在NiosⅡ上软件编程,实现智能液晶终端系统的字符、图形、图片显示和屏幕数据实时存储等多种功能。由于硬件平台利用FPGA作为整个设计的核心,因此该系统设计方案灵活,体积小、成本低、可移植,适用于多种电子产品的开发。另外,通过对Bresenham画圆算法的改进,生成了一种新的四点画圆算法,该算法在保证原有画圆精度的前提下大大提高了画圆速度。
最后的验证表明,本课题设计的智能液晶终端系统成功完成了各项预定功能,二次开发者只需通过串口发送指令的方式就能在该系统上设计出丰富的图形界面,大大节省了专业产品开发的时间。
Liquid crystal display (LCD) is widely used in industrial control and consumer electronic fields because of its incomparable advantages such as low power consumption, small volume, and light weight etc, which are beyond many other displays. LCD increasingly becomes the man-machine interface and display module of all sorts of instrumentation, measurement and control system. Controlling LCD has a very great difficulty in whether the hardware or software programming and using dot matrix to operate display of characters and graphics is also a very complicated work. At present there are many companies that develop LCD control at home and abroad. However, the firms which product the LCD control chip is only applicable to your firm, provided to sex is strong, high and low cost against the civilian products widely used, the LCD display products to the development much inconvenience. Therefore develop a common interface LCD display system has the real meaning.
This subject is established in high development of liquid crystal display industry now,and the LCD display control of the status quo, also intelligence LCD terminal system based on NiosⅡ. Intelligent LCD terminal system takes FPGA of Altera Company as centre, combining 320 by 240 TFT LCD set up hardware platforms. The subject to control the LCD ip in the establishment of an embedded system based on NiosⅡ, the software NiosⅡprogramming, to realize the intelligent LCD terminal system of characters, graphic display, and the serial communication of functions. Because of hardware platforms FPGA takes the design of the core of the system as design scheme, small volume, low portable, applies to many kinds of electronic product development. In addition, through improving the bresenham draw a circle of the method to build a new kind of four drawing a circle, which greatly increases speed of drawing circles, in ensure accuracy of circle.
Final verification indicates that the issue of intelligent LCD terminal system design successfully completed its due functions, the developers only through the serial port send instructions to the system who can design the graphical interface and save the professional development.
引文
[1]林志琦,张修谦,富丽.基于Nios嵌入式软核处理器的液晶显示模块接口的实现[J].现代显示,2008,(3):31-35.
[2]李维諟,郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:23-30.
[3]中小尺寸液晶面板需求旺盛产业扩大[EB/OL].http://www.china-lcd.cn/mb/content_NewsShow.asp?id=114&class1.
[4] Nicola Nicolici.System-on-a-Chip Design and Test.Computer-Aided Design and Test Research Group.
[5]潘宗树.基于Nios II的SOPC系统设计与研究[D].武汉科技大学,2007.
[6]宋玲玲.基于SOPC的视频图像系统的设计[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[7]陈泽文,彭澄廉,方茁.SOPC设计中的用户自定义逻辑[J].计算机工程,2004,30(17):42-44.
[8] Altera Corporation.Avalon Bus Specification Rererence Manual.2004.
[9]李瑞,张春元,罗莉.三种常用SOC片上总线的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,2:5-8.
[10] Altera Corporation. Cyclone II FPGA[EB/OL].www.altera.com.cn,2009.
[11]徐宁仪,周祖成. Avalon总线与SOPC系统架构实例[J].半导体技术,2003,28(2):17-20.
[12]苏寒刚,杨秀芝.基于Nios的液晶显示器控制方法研究[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,(10):29-30.
[13]杨国林.基于Nios II处理器的SOPC应用平台的研究与应用[D].山东大学,2008.
[14] Altera Corporation. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interface Specification.2007.
[15] Altera Corporation. Nios Embedded Processor 32-bit Programmer'sReference Manual [EB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/lit-nio.
[16]巢一波.基于FPGA的音频处理系统[D].江南大学,2009.
[17]刘韬,楼兴华.FPGA数字电子系统设计与开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[18] Altrea Corporation.Nios Development Board Referenee Manual.CycloneEdition,ALTERAInc.2003.
[19] H.Kalte,D.Langen,E.Vonnahme,A.Brinkmann,U.Riickert.Dynamically Reconfigurable System-on-Programmable-Chip.10th Euromicro Workshop on Parallel,Distributed and Network-based Processing(PDP2002),January 9th-11th 2002.
[20] Altrea Corporation.NiosTutorial.2003.
[21] Altrea Corporation.Nios II Software Developer’s Handbook.2005.
[22]吴继华,王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:11-27.
[23] Altrea Corporation.SDRAM Controller with Avalon Interface.2003.
[24] Baese U M.Digital Signal Processing with Field programmable Gate Arrays[M].NewYork:Springer-verlog Berlin Heidelberg,2000.
[25] TD036THEA1ProductSpecV0.03Datasheet.
[26]吴建芳,付永庆,梁盼.基于SOPC的液晶图形显示系统设计[J].应用科技,2009,36(10):12-15.
[27]张呈祥.汉字字模提取技术[J].电脑知识与技术,2007,(19):185-186.
[28]王智东,梁灼勇,王钢.基于区位码的中文字库及其在微机中的应用[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(8):161-163.
[29]包明,余成波,张睿.基于Nios II处理器液晶图形显示技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,24(5-2):126-128.
[30] Bresenham J E.Algorithms for computer control of a digital plotter[J]. IBM Systems Journal, 1965,4 (1): 25-33.
[31]汪金友,王淑礼,廖兆曙. 3种画圆算法的优劣分析[J].信阳师范学院学报,2005,18(4): 486-487.
[2]李维諟,郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000:23-30.
[3]中小尺寸液晶面板需求旺盛产业扩大[EB/OL].http://www.china-lcd.cn/mb/content_NewsShow.asp?id=114&class1.
[4] Nicola Nicolici.System-on-a-Chip Design and Test.Computer-Aided Design and Test Research Group.
[5]潘宗树.基于Nios II的SOPC系统设计与研究[D].武汉科技大学,2007.
[6]宋玲玲.基于SOPC的视频图像系统的设计[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[7]陈泽文,彭澄廉,方茁.SOPC设计中的用户自定义逻辑[J].计算机工程,2004,30(17):42-44.
[8] Altera Corporation.Avalon Bus Specification Rererence Manual.2004.
[9]李瑞,张春元,罗莉.三种常用SOC片上总线的分析与比较[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,2:5-8.
[10] Altera Corporation. Cyclone II FPGA[EB/OL].www.altera.com.cn,2009.
[11]徐宁仪,周祖成. Avalon总线与SOPC系统架构实例[J].半导体技术,2003,28(2):17-20.
[12]苏寒刚,杨秀芝.基于Nios的液晶显示器控制方法研究[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007,(10):29-30.
[13]杨国林.基于Nios II处理器的SOPC应用平台的研究与应用[D].山东大学,2008.
[14] Altera Corporation. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interface Specification.2007.
[15] Altera Corporation. Nios Embedded Processor 32-bit Programmer'sReference Manual [EB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/lit-nio.
[16]巢一波.基于FPGA的音频处理系统[D].江南大学,2009.
[17]刘韬,楼兴华.FPGA数字电子系统设计与开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[18] Altrea Corporation.Nios Development Board Referenee Manual.CycloneEdition,ALTERAInc.2003.
[19] H.Kalte,D.Langen,E.Vonnahme,A.Brinkmann,U.Riickert.Dynamically Reconfigurable System-on-Programmable-Chip.10th Euromicro Workshop on Parallel,Distributed and Network-based Processing(PDP2002),January 9th-11th 2002.
[20] Altrea Corporation.NiosTutorial.2003.
[21] Altrea Corporation.Nios II Software Developer’s Handbook.2005.
[22]吴继华,王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(高级篇)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:11-27.
[23] Altrea Corporation.SDRAM Controller with Avalon Interface.2003.
[24] Baese U M.Digital Signal Processing with Field programmable Gate Arrays[M].NewYork:Springer-verlog Berlin Heidelberg,2000.
[25] TD036THEA1ProductSpecV0.03Datasheet.
[26]吴建芳,付永庆,梁盼.基于SOPC的液晶图形显示系统设计[J].应用科技,2009,36(10):12-15.
[27]张呈祥.汉字字模提取技术[J].电脑知识与技术,2007,(19):185-186.
[28]王智东,梁灼勇,王钢.基于区位码的中文字库及其在微机中的应用[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(8):161-163.
[29]包明,余成波,张睿.基于Nios II处理器液晶图形显示技术的研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,24(5-2):126-128.
[30] Bresenham J E.Algorithms for computer control of a digital plotter[J]. IBM Systems Journal, 1965,4 (1): 25-33.
[31]汪金友,王淑礼,廖兆曙. 3种画圆算法的优劣分析[J].信阳师范学院学报,2005,18(4): 486-487.