基于站点信标的智能公交信息系统研究
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摘要
智能公交系统已成为智能交通运输系统的一个重要组成部分,各国都把智能公交系统作为智能交通运输领域重点投入应用的系统来开发,国内近年来也十分关注智能公交系统的开发。本论文在对国内外相关技术的深入研究后,结合短距离射频通信和GPRS无线传输技术,提出了基于站点信标的智能公交系统的技术方案研究。
本文首先从智能公交系统的实现方式入手,设计了系统的总体方案和工作流程,并对系统硬件的主要组成模块进行了功能和接口类型的分析。其次根据系统方案的功能要求开发设计了包括射频通信模块和GPRS传输模块的车载设备和路侧设备的硬件电路。针对车辆定位误差问题,分析了里程表累积误差信标定点修正技术,研究了基于RSSI的校正基准点选定的原理,并进行了站点信标定位校正算法的设计,通过试验数据验证了该算法的可行性。然后根据各硬件设备在系统中承担的任务,设计开发了GPRS和短距离射频的通信软件,实现了自动定位、误差修正、无线数据传输、车辆实时监控等功能。
最后,对所设计的各部分功能模块进行试验与测试,测试结果检验了系统设计的可行性。
Advanced Public Transportation system (APTS) technology was a significant part of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The APTS system was developed as the important application system of ITS in many countries. In China, its development was especially concerned. This paper presents a novel technology of APTS system. It combines with the short radio frequency (RF) communication technology and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) wireless transmission technology.
In this paper, first overall scheme and flow of system was designed which based on the technical realization mode of APTS system. Function and interface types of main modules composing system hardware were analyzed. Secongly according to function requirement of APTS system, the hardware system was developed and designed. It was composed of two parts:On Board Unit (OBU) and Road Side Unit (RSU) which both were consisted of GPRS transmission module and short distance wireless positioning module of radio frequency. Aiming at vehicle location error, odometer cumulate error correction technique based on beaconing fixed-point was analyzed. The theory of correction reference point selected based on RSSI was also researched. And the beaconing positioning correction algorithm was designed. It was proved that this algorithm was feasible by the experimental data. Then according to the functions of hardware devices in the system, the communication software was designed and developed where GPRS and short distance RF were as transmission technology. The functions such as automatic positioning; error correction; wireless data transmission and vehicle real-time monitor were achieved.
Finally, every function modules of APTS system were tested. And the feasibility of the designed APTS system was verified by the test results.
本文首先从智能公交系统的实现方式入手,设计了系统的总体方案和工作流程,并对系统硬件的主要组成模块进行了功能和接口类型的分析。其次根据系统方案的功能要求开发设计了包括射频通信模块和GPRS传输模块的车载设备和路侧设备的硬件电路。针对车辆定位误差问题,分析了里程表累积误差信标定点修正技术,研究了基于RSSI的校正基准点选定的原理,并进行了站点信标定位校正算法的设计,通过试验数据验证了该算法的可行性。然后根据各硬件设备在系统中承担的任务,设计开发了GPRS和短距离射频的通信软件,实现了自动定位、误差修正、无线数据传输、车辆实时监控等功能。
最后,对所设计的各部分功能模块进行试验与测试,测试结果检验了系统设计的可行性。
Advanced Public Transportation system (APTS) technology was a significant part of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The APTS system was developed as the important application system of ITS in many countries. In China, its development was especially concerned. This paper presents a novel technology of APTS system. It combines with the short radio frequency (RF) communication technology and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) wireless transmission technology.
In this paper, first overall scheme and flow of system was designed which based on the technical realization mode of APTS system. Function and interface types of main modules composing system hardware were analyzed. Secongly according to function requirement of APTS system, the hardware system was developed and designed. It was composed of two parts:On Board Unit (OBU) and Road Side Unit (RSU) which both were consisted of GPRS transmission module and short distance wireless positioning module of radio frequency. Aiming at vehicle location error, odometer cumulate error correction technique based on beaconing fixed-point was analyzed. The theory of correction reference point selected based on RSSI was also researched. And the beaconing positioning correction algorithm was designed. It was proved that this algorithm was feasible by the experimental data. Then according to the functions of hardware devices in the system, the communication software was designed and developed where GPRS and short distance RF were as transmission technology. The functions such as automatic positioning; error correction; wireless data transmission and vehicle real-time monitor were achieved.
Finally, every function modules of APTS system were tested. And the feasibility of the designed APTS system was verified by the test results.
引文
[1]杨兆升.城市智能公共交通系统理论与方法[M].北京.中国铁道出版社.2004
[2]张国华,黎明,王静霞.智能公共交通系统在中国城市的应用及发展趋势[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.7(5)：24-30
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[14]邬丽娜.苏州市智能公交的现状和发展[J].交通企业管理.2011.(9)：12-13
[15]王笑京,郭懿.中国ETC收费标准制定的决策与思考[J].电子与金系列工程信息.2001.(2)：38-40
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[29]黄发乾.公交车辆自动定位与智能报站系统研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008
[30]袁焱,王澄,诸勤敏.基于行驶路程的公交车定位问题求解[J].测控技术.2005.24(9)：65-68
[31]翁明江,谢欢,梁晶,陈继努.基于智能里程表的公交车辆管理系统[J].2005.(8)：46-47
[32]肖明忠,申玲,刘靖.应用SPS技术实现公交车车辆定位信息系统[J].2000.17(4)：265-269
[33]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统与算法的研究与发展[J].2006.35(2)：239-245
[34]Bahl P,Padm anabhan V N. RADAR:an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system.Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM[C]. Piscataw ay,USA:IEEE,2000:775-784
[35]张洁颖,孙懋珩,王侠.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计算法[J].电子测量技术.2007.30(2)：142-145
[36]陈维克,李文锋,首珩.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报：交通科学与工程版.2006.30(2)：265-268
[37]IEEE. IEEE Standard 802 Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs) [S]. New York.USA:IEEE.2003:1-679
[38]易大方.提高DSRC道路信标定位精度的最大信号法及其工程实现[J].电讯技术.2008.(12)：27-30
[39]Li J, Cuo L. Power-Efficient Node Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. //APWeb 2006 International Workshops. Harbin. China.2006.3842:420-430
[40]杨兆升,孙喜梅,实时动态路段行程时间预测的一种实用方法[J].公路交通科技.2001.18(2)：44-46
[41]Adamski A,Turnau A. Simulation support tool for real-time dispatching control in public transport[J].Transpn.Res.1998.C(32):73-87
[2]张国华,黎明,王静霞.智能公共交通系统在中国城市的应用及发展趋势[J].交通运输系统工程与信息.2007.7(5)：24-30
[3]刘小明.北京市低碳交通体系发展战略[J].建设科技.2010.(17)：18-20
[4]北京市交通委员会.北京交通发展纲要[EB/OL].www.bjjtw.gov.cn
[5]北京市交通委员会.关于优先发展公共交通的意见[EB/OL].www.bjjtw.gov.cn
[6]北京市交通委员会.北京市建设人文交通科技交通绿色交通行动计划(2009年-2015年)[EB/OL].www.bjjtw.gov.cn
[7]建设部等.关于优先发展城市公共交通意见[EB/OL].2004
[8]刘志强.智能公交调度监控系统的研究与开发[D].山东.山东大学.2005
[9]张引,陆百川.智能公交系统概述[J].中国水运.2008.8(3)：252-253
[10]倪秉书.欧洲智能交通系统成功案例(二)[J].中国交通信息产业.2004.(6)：129-132
[11]倪秉书.欧洲智能交通系统成功案例(五)[J].中国交通信息产业.2004.(11)：41-44
[12]李林波,陈川,施澄.国内外城市公共交通发展之比较研究[J].上海工程技术大学学报.2006.20(3)：259-264
[13]王笑京.中国智能交通系统(ITS)手册[M].北京.中国铁道出版社.2004
[14]邬丽娜.苏州市智能公交的现状和发展[J].交通企业管理.2011.(9)：12-13
[15]王笑京,郭懿.中国ETC收费标准制定的决策与思考[J].电子与金系列工程信息.2001.(2)：38-40
[16]常青,杨东凯,寇艳红.车辆导航定位方法及应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2005
[17]孙泰屹,丁卫东,朱晓宏,柳祖鹏.适用于公交车辆的定位技术研究[J].全球定位系统.2005.(1)：10-13
[18]STMicroelectronics.High-density performance line ARM-based 32-bit MCU STM32F103RCT6[EB/OL].http://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/internet/mcu/product/1644 86.jsp
[19]Cinterion Wireless. MC52i Hardware Interface Description [EB/OL].02.00 ed. (2009-09-28)
[20]Texas Instrument.Low-power Sub-1 GHz RF low-cost Transceiver CC1101.[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com/product/cc 1101
[21]Texas Instrument. CC1101 Errata Note[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/swrz020b
[22]铭正同创.MzLH01-12864模组产品说明书[EB/OL].http://www.mzdesign.com.cn
[23]STMicroelectronics.L7800 three-Terminal 1.5A Positive Voltage Regulator[EB/OL]. www. STMicroelectronics.com
[24]National Semiconductor LM1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator [EB/OL]. www.national.com
[25]STMicroelectronics.LM317 1.5A adjustable output Positive Voltage Regulator[EB/OL].www. STMicroelectronics. com
[26]Cinterion Wireless. MC52i AT Command Set.01.200 Version. (2008-08-19)
[27]Cinterion Wireless.Application Developer's Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.cinterion.com
[28]铭正同创.MzLH01-12864模组应用说明[EB/OL].http://www.mzdesign.com.cn
[29]黄发乾.公交车辆自动定位与智能报站系统研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008
[30]袁焱,王澄,诸勤敏.基于行驶路程的公交车定位问题求解[J].测控技术.2005.24(9)：65-68
[31]翁明江,谢欢,梁晶,陈继努.基于智能里程表的公交车辆管理系统[J].2005.(8)：46-47
[32]肖明忠,申玲,刘靖.应用SPS技术实现公交车车辆定位信息系统[J].2000.17(4)：265-269
[33]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统与算法的研究与发展[J].2006.35(2)：239-245
[34]Bahl P,Padm anabhan V N. RADAR:an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system.Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM[C]. Piscataw ay,USA:IEEE,2000:775-784
[35]张洁颖,孙懋珩,王侠.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计算法[J].电子测量技术.2007.30(2)：142-145
[36]陈维克,李文锋,首珩.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报：交通科学与工程版.2006.30(2)：265-268
[37]IEEE. IEEE Standard 802 Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs) [S]. New York.USA:IEEE.2003:1-679
[38]易大方.提高DSRC道路信标定位精度的最大信号法及其工程实现[J].电讯技术.2008.(12)：27-30
[39]Li J, Cuo L. Power-Efficient Node Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]. //APWeb 2006 International Workshops. Harbin. China.2006.3842:420-430
[40]杨兆升,孙喜梅,实时动态路段行程时间预测的一种实用方法[J].公路交通科技.2001.18(2)：44-46
[41]Adamski A,Turnau A. Simulation support tool for real-time dispatching control in public transport[J].Transpn.Res.1998.C(32):73-87