珠海市休闲农园规划设计研究
|
摘要
休闲农园作为休闲农业的一个主要类型,其建设和发展不仅为游客提供新的活动空间,释放城市人口压力,缓解市区及旅游热点的拥挤现象,同时,在增加土地效益、农业可持续发展、生态环境保护和农业文化的挖掘、保护和传承等方面也具有重要意义。
本文定义了休闲农园,即以农业文化为主题,休闲度假为目的综合性的农业区,指具有一定规模和功能,利用农业自然资源、农村人文资源和空间服务于游憩者,具有一定公园特征的综合型农业游憩地,休闲农园为游人提供具有农村特色的食、宿、行、玩、购等方面的服务,满足游人向往田园、乡土和接近自然的愿望。
本文以珠海市休闲农园为研究对象,分析了休闲农园的特征,按照农园风景资源类型将其分为：山林式、湖塘式、滨海式和田野式4类,归纳和分析了休闲农园的风景资源要素的内容和特征,自然景源的特征为：田园的美感和空间体会,丰富的季节变化与生物多样性,人性化的尺度及乡土材料的应用；人文景源则体现出地域特征和传统农耕文化。
规划层面的研究先根据农园的定位,将其分为：综合性农园、观光采摘园、休闲渔场、生态园和生产示范园5种类型,总结和归纳农园的主要功能和项目类型。在农园选址上,依据基址风景资源的内容与特征,总结出借湖海林田、展现农业之景和挖掘地域文化的特点。在布局上,总结了农园的“依山傍林；顺水而建；布局规整,纵横阡陌”的整体布局形态。游线规划方面强调原有道路的利用、设置合适的道路宽度和多种交通方式。植被规划包含农作物规划和园林植物规划两方面,分别阐述了其规划的特点。设计层面主要涉及农园的构景要素,包括地形的改造和利用,水体形态和驳岸的处理,建筑及小品的设计,植物种类的选择和造景特色以及动物景观的营造。最后,提出了珠海市发展休闲农园的建议和对策。
As a major type of agritourism, agritourism park not only provides new alternative for the crowded urban areas and tourism hot spots, it also has significant meaning on how to make good use of the original farm land in terms of generating high additional value, advocating sustainable development, protecting ecological environment as well as the exploration, protection and inheritance of traditional rural culture.
This thesis defined agritourism park, its theme is agricultural culture and its aim is to provide leisure and recreational place of interest for people at break. To be specifically, agritourism park is such a project that combines outdoor space, agricultural natural resource and traditional rural humanities together and then develop an agricultural comprehensive recreational which has certain scale and certain function, is able to provide urban tourists with rural featured dining, living, transporting, entertainment and shopping services, meeting their needs of appreciating natural scenery and experiencing local flavor.
This thesis focuses on agritourism parks in Zhuhai City, we proposed the definition of agritourism park and its related characteristics. We also come up with four basic classifications such as forest type, lake and pond type, coastal type, based on its landscape formation and natural scenery endowment. The content and features of the landscape resource in agritourism park are summarized as:pastoral beauty and space experience, seasonal transition and rich biodiversity, the scale of humanity and the application of local materials. Humanity resource, in additionally, demonstrates the regional identity and traditional farming culture.
We conducted the planning perspective research and firstly categorized agritourism parks based on their primary function and project type as:integrated park, tourism picking park, leisure fishing park, ecological park and production demonstration base. As for location selection, we based our summary on the content and features of its natural landscape basis and proposed the overall layout of agritourism park as "close to mountain, near the forest; build by water; neat and structured layout; well-developed road". The design of travel route should make good use of the existing road system, and then make necessary adjustment to the suitable road width and also need to develop multiple transportation alternatives. Vegetation planning embraces crop planning and ornamental plant planning, and we also addressed their features respectively. Designing perspective is mainly related to the landscape structure, including the transformation and use of original terrain structure, water forms and revetment design, main architecture and decorative pieces design, plant species selection, landscape features and the development of animal landscape. Finally, we proposed our strategic and tactical suggestions on the development of agritourism park in the Zhuhai City.
本文定义了休闲农园,即以农业文化为主题,休闲度假为目的综合性的农业区,指具有一定规模和功能,利用农业自然资源、农村人文资源和空间服务于游憩者,具有一定公园特征的综合型农业游憩地,休闲农园为游人提供具有农村特色的食、宿、行、玩、购等方面的服务,满足游人向往田园、乡土和接近自然的愿望。
本文以珠海市休闲农园为研究对象,分析了休闲农园的特征,按照农园风景资源类型将其分为：山林式、湖塘式、滨海式和田野式4类,归纳和分析了休闲农园的风景资源要素的内容和特征,自然景源的特征为：田园的美感和空间体会,丰富的季节变化与生物多样性,人性化的尺度及乡土材料的应用；人文景源则体现出地域特征和传统农耕文化。
规划层面的研究先根据农园的定位,将其分为：综合性农园、观光采摘园、休闲渔场、生态园和生产示范园5种类型,总结和归纳农园的主要功能和项目类型。在农园选址上,依据基址风景资源的内容与特征,总结出借湖海林田、展现农业之景和挖掘地域文化的特点。在布局上,总结了农园的“依山傍林；顺水而建；布局规整,纵横阡陌”的整体布局形态。游线规划方面强调原有道路的利用、设置合适的道路宽度和多种交通方式。植被规划包含农作物规划和园林植物规划两方面,分别阐述了其规划的特点。设计层面主要涉及农园的构景要素,包括地形的改造和利用,水体形态和驳岸的处理,建筑及小品的设计,植物种类的选择和造景特色以及动物景观的营造。最后,提出了珠海市发展休闲农园的建议和对策。
As a major type of agritourism, agritourism park not only provides new alternative for the crowded urban areas and tourism hot spots, it also has significant meaning on how to make good use of the original farm land in terms of generating high additional value, advocating sustainable development, protecting ecological environment as well as the exploration, protection and inheritance of traditional rural culture.
This thesis defined agritourism park, its theme is agricultural culture and its aim is to provide leisure and recreational place of interest for people at break. To be specifically, agritourism park is such a project that combines outdoor space, agricultural natural resource and traditional rural humanities together and then develop an agricultural comprehensive recreational which has certain scale and certain function, is able to provide urban tourists with rural featured dining, living, transporting, entertainment and shopping services, meeting their needs of appreciating natural scenery and experiencing local flavor.
This thesis focuses on agritourism parks in Zhuhai City, we proposed the definition of agritourism park and its related characteristics. We also come up with four basic classifications such as forest type, lake and pond type, coastal type, based on its landscape formation and natural scenery endowment. The content and features of the landscape resource in agritourism park are summarized as:pastoral beauty and space experience, seasonal transition and rich biodiversity, the scale of humanity and the application of local materials. Humanity resource, in additionally, demonstrates the regional identity and traditional farming culture.
We conducted the planning perspective research and firstly categorized agritourism parks based on their primary function and project type as:integrated park, tourism picking park, leisure fishing park, ecological park and production demonstration base. As for location selection, we based our summary on the content and features of its natural landscape basis and proposed the overall layout of agritourism park as "close to mountain, near the forest; build by water; neat and structured layout; well-developed road". The design of travel route should make good use of the existing road system, and then make necessary adjustment to the suitable road width and also need to develop multiple transportation alternatives. Vegetation planning embraces crop planning and ornamental plant planning, and we also addressed their features respectively. Designing perspective is mainly related to the landscape structure, including the transformation and use of original terrain structure, water forms and revetment design, main architecture and decorative pieces design, plant species selection, landscape features and the development of animal landscape. Finally, we proposed our strategic and tactical suggestions on the development of agritourism park in the Zhuhai City.
引文
1. 边永丰,马芳,刘娜.自然式生态农业观光园的开发与研究.安徽农业科学,2007,35(26)：8206—8209
2. 常诚,区晓琳,饶婷婷.珠海观光农业发展对策.安徽农业科学,2010,38(1)：550—552
3. 陈玲.园林规划设计中乡村景观的保护与延续.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学大学,2008
4. 陈巍,闫莉.北京仁和古城农业观光园规划浅谈.中国园林,2003,(5)：17-21
5. 陈宇,姜卫兵.观光农业园(区)规划研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(11)：5289—5294
6. 陈宇,论观光农业园规划的原则和手法.中国农学通报,2010,26(2)：298—300
7. 董云超,夏宜平,潘菊明.园林式生态农庄的设计与实践——以浙江嘉兴碧云花园为例.中国园林,2008,(8)：33--36
8. 冯丽.北京市观光农园景观设计初探.[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2004
9. 傅建波,徐岳定.田园奏鸣曲——一个了不起的村庄.中国园林,2002,(6)：68-69
10. 郭春华,马晓燕,冷平生.浅析观光农业类型和规划要点.北京农学院学报,2002,(4)：23—27
11. 郭焕成,刘军萍,王云才.观光农业发展研究.经济地理,2000,20(2)：119—124
12. 郭焕成,吕明伟,任国柱.休闲农业园区规划设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
13. 郭焕成.我国休闲农业发展现状与对策研究.休闲农业与现代农业发展,2007：174-181
14. 郝睿,国内外休闲农业发展比较研究.休闲农业与现代农业发展,2007：185—188
15. 胡喜来,尹健,王海燕.农在园中,园在农中——沈阳市农业高科技园区规划探索.中国园林,2002,(4)：53—54
16. 黄东.珠海市发展现代农业的思考.南方农村,2010,(1)：19—21
17. 姜卫兵,陈宇,姜鹏.论观光农业园区的景观表达特性.中国园林,2003,(3)：52—54
18. 进士五十八,铃木诚,一场博幸.乡土景观设计手法.北京：中国林业出版社,2008
19. 李保印,周秀梅.农业观光园：世纪的新型生态园林形式.中国林业,2001,(8)：32—33
20. 林步欢.珠江三角洲旅游农庄规划设计初探.新建筑,2006.(4)：19-21
21. 林秀琴.台湾观光农业的发展与启示.农业科技,2002,(2)：26-27
22. 刘滨谊,陈威.中国乡村景观园林初探.城市规划汇刊,2000,(6)：66-68
23. 刘滨谊,王晓鸿.休闲渔港环境规划——以中国台湾花莲县石梯渔港环境改善工程为例.中国园林,2006,(1)：36-2
24.龙岳林,论中国观光农业型园林的发展前景.中国园林,2001,(6)：32--36
25.吕明伟,郭焕成.观光休闲农业园区景观规划设计的理论与实践.休闲农业与乡村旅游发展,2004：30--39
26.诺曼,K.布思.风景园林设计要素.北京：中国林业出版社,1989
27.邱汉周.观光果园及其景观规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南林业科技大学,2006
28.宋妮.长江三角洲地区休闲农庄的发展和规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].南京：南京农业大学,2007.
29.孙新旺,王浩,李娴.乡土与园林——乡土景观元素在园林中的运用.中国园林,2008,(8)：37-40
30.王浩.农业观光园旅游与经营.北京：中国林业出版社,2003
31.王今琪.利用地域特色创造景观个性.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学,2003
32.王树进.观光农业园规划与经营.北京：中国社会出版社,2008
33.王显明.城郊型观光农业园规划初探.[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2009
34.王亚芝,文化,胡艳霞.观光果园硬质景观规划.农业新技术,2004,(4)：1-4
35.王云才,从珠江三角洲的实践看我国田园公园的发展.旅游学刊,2001,16(2)：39-43
36.徐斌.乡土元素在农家乐景观中的应用——以杭州梅家坞村为例.中国风景园林学会2009年会论文集,2009：342—345
37.叶美秀.台湾休闲环境之环境设计发展.海峡两岸观光休闲农业与乡村旅游发展,2002
38.余华荣.广东省观光农业园规划存在问题与对策.广东农业科学,2007,(8)：100-102
39.余华荣,张文英.广东省观光农业园景观影响因素研究.广东园林,2008,(6)：4144
40.袁凌,深圳青青观光农场总体构思及规划设计.建筑学报,1996,(10)：46-49
41.张国强,贾建中.风景规划《风景名胜区规划规范》实施手册.北京：中国建筑出版社,2003
42.张天柱.现代农业园区规划与案例分析.北京：中国轻工出版社,2008
43.张文英.用可持续发展的观点看观光农业.中国园林,1997,13(2)：47-50
44.张锡娟,秦华.观光农业园的景观规划初探.西南农业大学学报,2005,3(4)：161—164
45.赵润江.农业观光园规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学,2009
46.郑树景,许先升,姚连芳.观光农业环境——景观规划中的朴拙之美.广东园林,2009,(4)：40-42
47.周静帆,裘鸿菲.浅谈休闲农业园设计中场所个性的塑造.华中建筑,2010,(3)：54—56.
48.朱建宁,马会岭.回归自然文化的风景园林艺术.风景园林,2005,(3),25—30
49. J.A.Mougeot. Urban Agriculture:Concept and Definition. Urban Agriculture Magazine,2000, (1):5-7
50. Nancy G McGehee, Kyunsmi Kim. Motivation for Agri-Tourism Entrepreneurship. Journal of Travel Research,2004,43 (2):161-170
51. Per A Ke Nilsson. Staying on Farm——An Ideological Background. Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29 (1):7-24
52. Roberta Macdonald, Lee Jolliffe. CULRURAL RURALTOURISM Evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research,2003,30 (2):307-322
2. 常诚,区晓琳,饶婷婷.珠海观光农业发展对策.安徽农业科学,2010,38(1)：550—552
3. 陈玲.园林规划设计中乡村景观的保护与延续.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学大学,2008
4. 陈巍,闫莉.北京仁和古城农业观光园规划浅谈.中国园林,2003,(5)：17-21
5. 陈宇,姜卫兵.观光农业园(区)规划研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(11)：5289—5294
6. 陈宇,论观光农业园规划的原则和手法.中国农学通报,2010,26(2)：298—300
7. 董云超,夏宜平,潘菊明.园林式生态农庄的设计与实践——以浙江嘉兴碧云花园为例.中国园林,2008,(8)：33--36
8. 冯丽.北京市观光农园景观设计初探.[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2004
9. 傅建波,徐岳定.田园奏鸣曲——一个了不起的村庄.中国园林,2002,(6)：68-69
10. 郭春华,马晓燕,冷平生.浅析观光农业类型和规划要点.北京农学院学报,2002,(4)：23—27
11. 郭焕成,刘军萍,王云才.观光农业发展研究.经济地理,2000,20(2)：119—124
12. 郭焕成,吕明伟,任国柱.休闲农业园区规划设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
13. 郭焕成.我国休闲农业发展现状与对策研究.休闲农业与现代农业发展,2007：174-181
14. 郝睿,国内外休闲农业发展比较研究.休闲农业与现代农业发展,2007：185—188
15. 胡喜来,尹健,王海燕.农在园中,园在农中——沈阳市农业高科技园区规划探索.中国园林,2002,(4)：53—54
16. 黄东.珠海市发展现代农业的思考.南方农村,2010,(1)：19—21
17. 姜卫兵,陈宇,姜鹏.论观光农业园区的景观表达特性.中国园林,2003,(3)：52—54
18. 进士五十八,铃木诚,一场博幸.乡土景观设计手法.北京：中国林业出版社,2008
19. 李保印,周秀梅.农业观光园：世纪的新型生态园林形式.中国林业,2001,(8)：32—33
20. 林步欢.珠江三角洲旅游农庄规划设计初探.新建筑,2006.(4)：19-21
21. 林秀琴.台湾观光农业的发展与启示.农业科技,2002,(2)：26-27
22. 刘滨谊,陈威.中国乡村景观园林初探.城市规划汇刊,2000,(6)：66-68
23. 刘滨谊,王晓鸿.休闲渔港环境规划——以中国台湾花莲县石梯渔港环境改善工程为例.中国园林,2006,(1)：36-2
24.龙岳林,论中国观光农业型园林的发展前景.中国园林,2001,(6)：32--36
25.吕明伟,郭焕成.观光休闲农业园区景观规划设计的理论与实践.休闲农业与乡村旅游发展,2004：30--39
26.诺曼,K.布思.风景园林设计要素.北京：中国林业出版社,1989
27.邱汉周.观光果园及其景观规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南林业科技大学,2006
28.宋妮.长江三角洲地区休闲农庄的发展和规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].南京：南京农业大学,2007.
29.孙新旺,王浩,李娴.乡土与园林——乡土景观元素在园林中的运用.中国园林,2008,(8)：37-40
30.王浩.农业观光园旅游与经营.北京：中国林业出版社,2003
31.王今琪.利用地域特色创造景观个性.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学,2003
32.王树进.观光农业园规划与经营.北京：中国社会出版社,2008
33.王显明.城郊型观光农业园规划初探.[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2009
34.王亚芝,文化,胡艳霞.观光果园硬质景观规划.农业新技术,2004,(4)：1-4
35.王云才,从珠江三角洲的实践看我国田园公园的发展.旅游学刊,2001,16(2)：39-43
36.徐斌.乡土元素在农家乐景观中的应用——以杭州梅家坞村为例.中国风景园林学会2009年会论文集,2009：342—345
37.叶美秀.台湾休闲环境之环境设计发展.海峡两岸观光休闲农业与乡村旅游发展,2002
38.余华荣.广东省观光农业园规划存在问题与对策.广东农业科学,2007,(8)：100-102
39.余华荣,张文英.广东省观光农业园景观影响因素研究.广东园林,2008,(6)：4144
40.袁凌,深圳青青观光农场总体构思及规划设计.建筑学报,1996,(10)：46-49
41.张国强,贾建中.风景规划《风景名胜区规划规范》实施手册.北京：中国建筑出版社,2003
42.张天柱.现代农业园区规划与案例分析.北京：中国轻工出版社,2008
43.张文英.用可持续发展的观点看观光农业.中国园林,1997,13(2)：47-50
44.张锡娟,秦华.观光农业园的景观规划初探.西南农业大学学报,2005,3(4)：161—164
45.赵润江.农业观光园规划设计研究.[硕士学位论文].北京：北京林业大学,2009
46.郑树景,许先升,姚连芳.观光农业环境——景观规划中的朴拙之美.广东园林,2009,(4)：40-42
47.周静帆,裘鸿菲.浅谈休闲农业园设计中场所个性的塑造.华中建筑,2010,(3)：54—56.
48.朱建宁,马会岭.回归自然文化的风景园林艺术.风景园林,2005,(3),25—30
49. J.A.Mougeot. Urban Agriculture:Concept and Definition. Urban Agriculture Magazine,2000, (1):5-7
50. Nancy G McGehee, Kyunsmi Kim. Motivation for Agri-Tourism Entrepreneurship. Journal of Travel Research,2004,43 (2):161-170
51. Per A Ke Nilsson. Staying on Farm——An Ideological Background. Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29 (1):7-24
52. Roberta Macdonald, Lee Jolliffe. CULRURAL RURALTOURISM Evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research,2003,30 (2):307-322