基于DSP的电力系统谐波抑制的研究
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摘要
随着现代工业技术的发展,电力系统中非线性负荷大量增加。各种非线性负载如逆变器、整流器以及各种开关电源等大规模的应用使得电网被注入大量的谐波分量,导致交流电网中的电压和电流波形严重失真,如今已成为最主要的谐波源。电能质量的综合治理已经成为现代电力发展的势必所在。有源电力滤波器(APF: Active Power Filter)是一种理想的谐波电流发生器,它能对频率和幅值都变化的谐波进行跟踪补偿,且补偿特性不受电网阻抗的影响,能够实现动态补偿,滤波特性较好,在治理电网谐波方面发挥着重要的作用。
本文首先介绍了APF的原理,根据此原理提出了一个基于DSP控制的有源电力滤波器的设计方案,着重讨论了谐波检测和系统控制的硬件设计以及DSP的软件设计。这一套基于嵌入式的电能质量监测装置由信号调理、智能功率集成芯片IPM、DSP等外围电路组成,具有强大的数据采集和处理功能,能准确测量电网谐波,并应用DSP内的事件管理器产生PWM波形对其进行有效抑制。
为了实现本文所采用的算法和控制策略,建立以TMS320F2812为核心的高速数字信号处理控制平台。并在此平台基础上设计了系统控制电路,在实验样机上进行谐波补偿的实验。其结果验证了本文所提出的谐波检测方法和控制策略的正确性和可行性,基本达到谐波抑制的要求。本文提出基于TI公司高性能DSP芯片TMS320F2812的电力有源滤波系统(APF),设计了针对电网高次谐波的实时补偿一套装置,包括电网信息的实时检测、数据采集,然后经FFT算法对数据进行并处理,得到各次谐波分量,同时根据其相应的FFT谐波抑制算法进行三相电压电流补偿及电力系统保护,最后通过仿真与实验验证所提方法的可行性。
Along with the development of modern industrial technology, the non-linear loads in the power system are increasing. A variety of non-linear loads such as inverters, rectifiers, and various large-scale applications inject into a large of harmonic, while resulting in a serious waveforms distortion of power grid voltage and current, becoming the most important harmonic source nowadays. It is a trend for power quality to manage in the few years for the modern development of electric power. Active Power Filter(APF) is an ideal generator for harmonic current to restrain, it can track and compensate the frequency and amplitudes with changed, and the properties of compensation are not interfered by the grid impedance. It also achieved dynamic compensation which play an important role in governing power harmonics.
This article firstly introduces the principles of APF, active power filter based on DSP digital controlled is presented according to this principle which focused on the hardware and software design of the harmonic detection and control based on DSP. This monitor based on embedded device consists of signal conditioning, smart power integrated chips IPM, DSP and other peripheral circuits which has a powerful data acquisition and processing capabilities, and accurately measure power harmonics. The harmonic is suppressed by the event management generator PWM of the DSP.
In order to achieve algorithms and controlled strategies this paper used, the high-speed digital signal processing control platform is established by TMS320F2812. We designed circuit based on this platform and experiments on the harmonic compensation. The results validate the correctness and feasibility of harmonic detection and control strategy. Basically, this method can achieve harmonic suppression. The system based on TI high performance DSP chip TMS320F2812 APF aimed at compensating high-order harmonic which includes real-time network information, testing, acquisition, and the FFT algorithm used to data processing by the various sub-harmonic component. At the same time, the control algorithm according to three-phase voltage and current compensation and power system protection, constitutes a set of power system information detection collection, analysis and processing, monitoring, protection, and high-order harmonic compensation of multi-functional information collection and intelligent monitoring system.
本文首先介绍了APF的原理,根据此原理提出了一个基于DSP控制的有源电力滤波器的设计方案,着重讨论了谐波检测和系统控制的硬件设计以及DSP的软件设计。这一套基于嵌入式的电能质量监测装置由信号调理、智能功率集成芯片IPM、DSP等外围电路组成,具有强大的数据采集和处理功能,能准确测量电网谐波,并应用DSP内的事件管理器产生PWM波形对其进行有效抑制。
为了实现本文所采用的算法和控制策略,建立以TMS320F2812为核心的高速数字信号处理控制平台。并在此平台基础上设计了系统控制电路,在实验样机上进行谐波补偿的实验。其结果验证了本文所提出的谐波检测方法和控制策略的正确性和可行性,基本达到谐波抑制的要求。本文提出基于TI公司高性能DSP芯片TMS320F2812的电力有源滤波系统(APF),设计了针对电网高次谐波的实时补偿一套装置,包括电网信息的实时检测、数据采集,然后经FFT算法对数据进行并处理,得到各次谐波分量,同时根据其相应的FFT谐波抑制算法进行三相电压电流补偿及电力系统保护,最后通过仿真与实验验证所提方法的可行性。
Along with the development of modern industrial technology, the non-linear loads in the power system are increasing. A variety of non-linear loads such as inverters, rectifiers, and various large-scale applications inject into a large of harmonic, while resulting in a serious waveforms distortion of power grid voltage and current, becoming the most important harmonic source nowadays. It is a trend for power quality to manage in the few years for the modern development of electric power. Active Power Filter(APF) is an ideal generator for harmonic current to restrain, it can track and compensate the frequency and amplitudes with changed, and the properties of compensation are not interfered by the grid impedance. It also achieved dynamic compensation which play an important role in governing power harmonics.
This article firstly introduces the principles of APF, active power filter based on DSP digital controlled is presented according to this principle which focused on the hardware and software design of the harmonic detection and control based on DSP. This monitor based on embedded device consists of signal conditioning, smart power integrated chips IPM, DSP and other peripheral circuits which has a powerful data acquisition and processing capabilities, and accurately measure power harmonics. The harmonic is suppressed by the event management generator PWM of the DSP.
In order to achieve algorithms and controlled strategies this paper used, the high-speed digital signal processing control platform is established by TMS320F2812. We designed circuit based on this platform and experiments on the harmonic compensation. The results validate the correctness and feasibility of harmonic detection and control strategy. Basically, this method can achieve harmonic suppression. The system based on TI high performance DSP chip TMS320F2812 APF aimed at compensating high-order harmonic which includes real-time network information, testing, acquisition, and the FFT algorithm used to data processing by the various sub-harmonic component. At the same time, the control algorithm according to three-phase voltage and current compensation and power system protection, constitutes a set of power system information detection collection, analysis and processing, monitoring, protection, and high-order harmonic compensation of multi-functional information collection and intelligent monitoring system.
引文
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[33]帅定新,谢运祥,王晓刚.电网谐波电流检测方法综述.电气传动,2008,38(8)：17-23
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[35]孙丽明.TMS320F2812原理及其C语言程序开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[36]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2000,5
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[38]Mehmet Ucar, Engin Ozdemir.Control of a 3-phase 4-leg active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage condition.Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 58-73
[39]Jean-Philippe Gauthier, Philippe Micheau.Extremal harmonic active control of power for rotating machines.Journal of Sound and Vibration, Volume 318, Issues 4-5,23 December 2008, Pages 663-677.
[40]Lorenzo Marconi, Fabio Ronchi, Andrea Tilli.Robust nonlinear control of shunt active filters for harmonic current compensation.Automatica,Volume 43,Issue 2,February 2007, Pages 252-263.
[41]Murat Kale, Engin Ozdemir.Harmonic and reactive power compensation with shunt active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage.Electric Power Systems Research,Volume 74,Issue 3,June 2005,Pages 363-370.
[42]S.A.Oliveira da Silva, P.Donoso-Garcia,P.C.Cortizo,P.F. Seixas.A line-interactive UPS system implementation with series-parallel active power-line conditioning for three-phase, four-wire systems.International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 26, Issue 6, July 2004, Pages 399-411.
[43]Jean-Philippe Gauthier, Philippe Micheau.Extremal harmonic active control of power for rotating machines.Journal of Sound and Vibration, Volume 318, Issues 4-5,23 December 2008, Pages 663-677.
[44]Hurng-Liahng Jou, Jinn-Chang Wu, Kuen-Der Wu, Min-Sheng Huang, Chih-An Lin.A hybrid compensation system comprising hybrid power filter and AC power capacitor.International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 28, Issue 7, September 2006, Pages 448-458.
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[2]水利电力部.电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126——84)[Z].北京：水利电力出版社,1984.
[3]姜齐容,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构·原理·控制[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[4]程浩忠,张志刚等.电能质量.北京：清华大学出版社,2006,9
[5]唐统一,吴震春,孙树勤.电力系统谐波[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[6]段晓明.DZJ-IF型电能质量测量仪的研制[J].华北电力技术,1998(4)：35-38
[7]范瑞逢.谐波的测量方法及谐波技术分析仪[J].浙江电力,1994(5)：55-59
[8]毛谦敏,肖艳.智能化电网谐波分析测量仪研制[J].振荡与冲击,1999,18(4)：59-62
[9]胡广书.数字信号处理——理论,算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[10]朱东起,姜新建,马大铭.无源和有源滤波器串联构成的并联型综合电力滤波系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学报),1999,39(3)：49～52
[11]赵小英,朱海滨,王平.基于DSP的有源电力滤波器数字控制系统[J].电器应用,2005,24(2)
[12]孙丽明.TMS320F2812原理及其C语言程序开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008
[13]张龙,李鹏飞.基于TMS320F2812高速数据采集系统的设计与实现.西安工程科技学院学报,2007,4,21(2)
[14]李加升,戴瑜兴.电能质量监测装置数据采集模块设计与应用.电测与仪表,2008,4,45(508)
[15]刘国营,刘俊,李杰.ADS8364和DSP的高精度数据采集系统设计.DSP开发与应用,微计算机信息,2007(23)
[16]袁涛,郑建勇,曾伟.IPM智能功率模块电路设计及其在有源滤波器装置中应用.电力自动化设备,2007,5,27(5)
[17]陈永利,闫英敏,赵霞.智能功率模块(IPM)的驱动与保护.2007,2：10～12
[18]翁国庆,张有兵.网络化电能质量检测与分析系统的设计.电力系统自动化,2008,32
[19]周金治.基于Matlab与DSP的语音信号FIR滤波.网络信息技术,2005,24(6)
[20]周金治.基于Matlab与DSP的FIR数字滤波器软硬件实现.现代电子技术,2005(17)
[21]李军科.DSP平台FIR滤波器实验设计教学研究.无锡商业职业技术学院学报,2009, 6,9(3)
[22]周日贵,聂爱球.定点DSP实现高精度FIR数字滤波.电子器件,2003,12,26(4)
[23]Brighan E O. The Fast Fourier Transform and Its Application Englewood Cliffs NJPrentice Hall,1998:50-62
[24]Heydt.G..T, Fjeld.P.S. Applications of the windowed FFT to electric power quality assessment. IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1999,14(2):1411-1416.
[25]董书友.一种基于专用DSP芯片的三相电参数测量系统.北京：北京交通大学学报,2001,2,25(1)
[26]罗安,涂春鸣.电网谐波分析与滤波系统的研制.中南工业大学学报,2001-12,32(6)
[27]邱海锋,周浩.非同步采样下电网谐波分析方法的探讨.继电器,2008-1,36(1)
[28]周霖.算法设计与系统方案.北京：国防工业出版社,2008.7
[29]杨栓科、何卫锋.非同步采样对电力系统谐波分析精度影响的仿真研究[J],电工技术杂志,2003,5
[30]吕晓洁,刘园,沈建冬.基于DSP的动态无功补偿装置的研制.电子科技,2008,1：14-17
[31]舒泽亮,连级三.三相四线并联型无功补偿与有源滤波装置的研究.变流技术与电力牵引,2008,1：56-60
[32]崔景秀,孙志宏.基于用户侧谐波和无功补偿的谐波检测法研究.江西电力,2008,32(3)：1-4
[33]帅定新,谢运祥,王晓刚.电网谐波电流检测方法综述.电气传动,2008,38(8)：17-23
[34]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[35]孙丽明.TMS320F2812原理及其C语言程序开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[36]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2000,5
[37]G.K. Singh, A.K. Singh, R. Mitra.A simple fuzzy logic based robust active power filter for harmonics minimization under random load variation.Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 77, Issue 8, June 2007, Pages 1101-1111.
[38]Mehmet Ucar, Engin Ozdemir.Control of a 3-phase 4-leg active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage condition.Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 58-73
[39]Jean-Philippe Gauthier, Philippe Micheau.Extremal harmonic active control of power for rotating machines.Journal of Sound and Vibration, Volume 318, Issues 4-5,23 December 2008, Pages 663-677.
[40]Lorenzo Marconi, Fabio Ronchi, Andrea Tilli.Robust nonlinear control of shunt active filters for harmonic current compensation.Automatica,Volume 43,Issue 2,February 2007, Pages 252-263.
[41]Murat Kale, Engin Ozdemir.Harmonic and reactive power compensation with shunt active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage.Electric Power Systems Research,Volume 74,Issue 3,June 2005,Pages 363-370.
[42]S.A.Oliveira da Silva, P.Donoso-Garcia,P.C.Cortizo,P.F. Seixas.A line-interactive UPS system implementation with series-parallel active power-line conditioning for three-phase, four-wire systems.International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 26, Issue 6, July 2004, Pages 399-411.
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