物流产业融合研究
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摘要
随着工业经济时代向信息经济时代的演进，信息技术的不断创新与应用普及，融合现象不断涌现，许多学者对其进行了大量的研究，然而学者们大多关注于对传媒产业的产业融合现象的研究。基于传媒产业的产业融合研究，很多学者沿着自己的专业方向和思路展开对产业融合问题的研究，如农业、能源业、服务业、金融业、物流业等等。
物流活动与企业生产销售的各项活动息息相关，与人们日常生活品质密切相关。百年前，孙中山先生将“货畅其流”作为建国四大纲领之一。百余年后，物流业更被经济学界赞誉为企业发展的“第三利润源”和推动经济发展的“加速器”。物流业作为服务业的重要组成部分，是促进国民经济发展、产业结构优化升级的重要领域，也是落实扩大内需经济发展战略的重点，物流业与国民经济中农业、工业、商业等产业发展存在着紧密地联系。从内在的、固有的本质属性来看，物流产业系统发展本身具有融合的特性。然而，进一步研读和总结现有文献可以发现，虽然产业融合理论的相关研究成果十分丰富，专门研究物流产业融合问题的文献却较少。现有对物流产业融合现象的研究文献缺乏对物流产业特性和物流产业发展背景的足够关注，无法全面揭示物流产业融合现象的动因，对物流产业融合现象的路径和方式的研究大多直接套用产业融合的一般研究成果，缺乏对物流企业和物流产业发展的内在需求的深入探析，对物流产业融合效应的讨论和分析，也缺乏定量方法的科学验证。鉴于此，本文试图对物流产业融合现象进行剖析，探析物流产业融合现象产生的原因和方式，以及物流产业融合对物流产业结构升级的影响。
本文整体上从物流产业融合的动因、演进路径、融合效应等三个既相互关联又相互独立的问题，对内在本质上就具有融合特性的物流产业系统进行分析。
物流产业融合动力因素分析的研究任务是揭示不同产业发展阶段背景下，物流产业融合现象产生的主要原因。研究内容以国民经济发展进程中物流产业融合的动力因素为主线展开，在对物流职能演进历程进行分析的基础上，剖析物流产业融合的内生性激励因素和外生性激励因素，并构建案例进行分析。物流产业融合动力因素的分析是对物流产业融合现象诠释的基础。
物流产业融合演进路径分析的研究任务是对物流产业融合产生过程的分析。这个过程的本质是什么，物流企业如何选择，物流产业融合又以什么样的形式表现出来？这都是物流产业融合演进路径分析的内容。由于物流产业融合的外因和内因基本上都是通过微观运作主体（如物流企业）的运作过程体现出来的，融合路径的分析主要以自组织理论为依据，从微观层面的视角，对物流产业融合过程的本质和物流产业融合模式进行分析研究。
物流产业融合效应分析的研究任务是基于物流产业融合的内在激励因素和外在激励因素共同作用，借助物流产业结构演化的动力模型，分析物流产业依据需求的融合创新模式对物流产业结构演变的影响，并揭示物流产业融合可能会产生的社会经济效应。
With the evolution from the era of industrial economy to the era of informationeconomy, information technology innovation and application popularity, convergencephenomenon constantly emerging. Although many scholars have done a lot of research onconvergence, most scholars just pay attention to the study of the industrial convergencephenomenon of media industry. Based on the study of the industrial convergence phenomenonof media industry, many scholars launched research along their professional direction andideas, such as agriculture industry, energy industry, service industry, finance industry, logisticsindustry, etc.
The logistics activity are closely related to the enterprise of production and salesactivities, and People's Daily life quality. One hundred years ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took“smooth flow of goods” as one of the programme of founding country. One hundred yearslater, logistics industry was acclaimed as “the third profits source” in the development ofcompany and “accelerator” in the economic development. Logistics is an important part of theservice industry. Logistics is not only an important area of promoting national economicdevelopment, optimizating industrial structure, but also the key of economic developmentstrategy. The logistics industry is closely related to the development of agriculture industry,manufacture industry and commercial industry, etc. Judging from its inner attributes, logisticsindustry system development itself has the characteristics of convergence. However, the paperstudy found that the specialized literature on logistics industry convergence is rare. Theexisted literature on logistics industry convergence are short of the enough attention on thecharacters and the background of logistics industry so that it is hard to fully reveal the driversof logistics industry convergence phenomenon. And the study on path and the way mostlyapply mechanically the general research achievements of industrial convergence. And thestudy on upgrading of the logistics industrial structure is rarely discussed under thebackground of convergence and lack of quantitative research. Due to the above study, thepaper tries to analysize the drivers, the way, and the upgrading of logistics structure under thebackground of logistics industrial convergence. Specific content as follows.
Factors of drivers’ analysis on logistics industry convergence mainly reveal the causes oflogistics industry convergence phenomenon. The research content takes national economydevelopment process of logistics industry convergence driver factor as the main line unfolds,to logistics functions in history, based on the analysis of the internal and external incentive factors of logistics industry convergence, and constructs the logistics industry convergencedynamic model. This section is the foundation of the research.
Logistics industry convergence evolution path analysis is the analysis of the convergencegenerating process. The evolution path analysis content include the essence of process andenterprise choice. Because the internal and external incentive drivers of logistics industryconvergence are all reflected through micro operation subject, mainly based onself-organization theory, from microcosmic angle of logistics industry, convergence process ofnature and logistics industry convergence model were analyzed.
Logistics convergence effective analysis is based on logistics industry congvergenceinternal incentive factors and external incentive factors commonly role, with logistics industrystructure evolution of dynamic model and analysis of logistics industry according to demandof logistics industry convergence innovation mode structure evolution impact, and revealssocial and economic effect from the logistics industry convergence.
物流活动与企业生产销售的各项活动息息相关，与人们日常生活品质密切相关。百年前，孙中山先生将“货畅其流”作为建国四大纲领之一。百余年后，物流业更被经济学界赞誉为企业发展的“第三利润源”和推动经济发展的“加速器”。物流业作为服务业的重要组成部分，是促进国民经济发展、产业结构优化升级的重要领域，也是落实扩大内需经济发展战略的重点，物流业与国民经济中农业、工业、商业等产业发展存在着紧密地联系。从内在的、固有的本质属性来看，物流产业系统发展本身具有融合的特性。然而，进一步研读和总结现有文献可以发现，虽然产业融合理论的相关研究成果十分丰富，专门研究物流产业融合问题的文献却较少。现有对物流产业融合现象的研究文献缺乏对物流产业特性和物流产业发展背景的足够关注，无法全面揭示物流产业融合现象的动因，对物流产业融合现象的路径和方式的研究大多直接套用产业融合的一般研究成果，缺乏对物流企业和物流产业发展的内在需求的深入探析，对物流产业融合效应的讨论和分析，也缺乏定量方法的科学验证。鉴于此，本文试图对物流产业融合现象进行剖析，探析物流产业融合现象产生的原因和方式，以及物流产业融合对物流产业结构升级的影响。
本文整体上从物流产业融合的动因、演进路径、融合效应等三个既相互关联又相互独立的问题，对内在本质上就具有融合特性的物流产业系统进行分析。
物流产业融合动力因素分析的研究任务是揭示不同产业发展阶段背景下，物流产业融合现象产生的主要原因。研究内容以国民经济发展进程中物流产业融合的动力因素为主线展开，在对物流职能演进历程进行分析的基础上，剖析物流产业融合的内生性激励因素和外生性激励因素，并构建案例进行分析。物流产业融合动力因素的分析是对物流产业融合现象诠释的基础。
物流产业融合演进路径分析的研究任务是对物流产业融合产生过程的分析。这个过程的本质是什么，物流企业如何选择，物流产业融合又以什么样的形式表现出来？这都是物流产业融合演进路径分析的内容。由于物流产业融合的外因和内因基本上都是通过微观运作主体（如物流企业）的运作过程体现出来的，融合路径的分析主要以自组织理论为依据，从微观层面的视角，对物流产业融合过程的本质和物流产业融合模式进行分析研究。
物流产业融合效应分析的研究任务是基于物流产业融合的内在激励因素和外在激励因素共同作用，借助物流产业结构演化的动力模型，分析物流产业依据需求的融合创新模式对物流产业结构演变的影响，并揭示物流产业融合可能会产生的社会经济效应。
With the evolution from the era of industrial economy to the era of informationeconomy, information technology innovation and application popularity, convergencephenomenon constantly emerging. Although many scholars have done a lot of research onconvergence, most scholars just pay attention to the study of the industrial convergencephenomenon of media industry. Based on the study of the industrial convergence phenomenonof media industry, many scholars launched research along their professional direction andideas, such as agriculture industry, energy industry, service industry, finance industry, logisticsindustry, etc.
The logistics activity are closely related to the enterprise of production and salesactivities, and People's Daily life quality. One hundred years ago, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took“smooth flow of goods” as one of the programme of founding country. One hundred yearslater, logistics industry was acclaimed as “the third profits source” in the development ofcompany and “accelerator” in the economic development. Logistics is an important part of theservice industry. Logistics is not only an important area of promoting national economicdevelopment, optimizating industrial structure, but also the key of economic developmentstrategy. The logistics industry is closely related to the development of agriculture industry,manufacture industry and commercial industry, etc. Judging from its inner attributes, logisticsindustry system development itself has the characteristics of convergence. However, the paperstudy found that the specialized literature on logistics industry convergence is rare. Theexisted literature on logistics industry convergence are short of the enough attention on thecharacters and the background of logistics industry so that it is hard to fully reveal the driversof logistics industry convergence phenomenon. And the study on path and the way mostlyapply mechanically the general research achievements of industrial convergence. And thestudy on upgrading of the logistics industrial structure is rarely discussed under thebackground of convergence and lack of quantitative research. Due to the above study, thepaper tries to analysize the drivers, the way, and the upgrading of logistics structure under thebackground of logistics industrial convergence. Specific content as follows.
Factors of drivers’ analysis on logistics industry convergence mainly reveal the causes oflogistics industry convergence phenomenon. The research content takes national economydevelopment process of logistics industry convergence driver factor as the main line unfolds,to logistics functions in history, based on the analysis of the internal and external incentive factors of logistics industry convergence, and constructs the logistics industry convergencedynamic model. This section is the foundation of the research.
Logistics industry convergence evolution path analysis is the analysis of the convergencegenerating process. The evolution path analysis content include the essence of process andenterprise choice. Because the internal and external incentive drivers of logistics industryconvergence are all reflected through micro operation subject, mainly based onself-organization theory, from microcosmic angle of logistics industry, convergence process ofnature and logistics industry convergence model were analyzed.
Logistics convergence effective analysis is based on logistics industry congvergenceinternal incentive factors and external incentive factors commonly role, with logistics industrystructure evolution of dynamic model and analysis of logistics industry according to demandof logistics industry convergence innovation mode structure evolution impact, and revealssocial and economic effect from the logistics industry convergence.
引文
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[11]Siemens AG, EL-LP. Logistics Costs Guidelines, January1999.英文原文为,“Logistics is the design, planning, contraland handing of all flows of material, goods and information in line with market conditions to carry out customers’ order.”
[12]Council of Logistics Management,1999.英文原文为,“Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements, and contrals the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from thepoint of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements.”
[13]参考美国物流协会对物流的定义加以修正为：逆向物流是为了资源回收或处理废弃物，在有效率及适当成本下，对原料、在制品、成品和相关信息从消费点到原始产出点的流动和储存，进行规划、执行与管制的过程。（孟建华.现代物流管理概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:242）
[14]在这里，“一站式”物流服务需求可以理解为，随着人们经济生活水平的不断提高，人们越来越注重物流服务的便捷性、高效性、及时性等品质的提升，希望得到足不出户的一条龙式的物流服务。比如说，在以前人们可能难以想象邮递员会上门接收邮件、包裹，并且在极短的时间内被送达到另一个地方，而现在这种物流服务却是为消费者所普遍接受的。
[15]海尔集团企业文化中心.海尔集团首席执行官张瑞敏在“海尔现代物流同步模式研讨会”上的发言[EB/OL].http://www.haier.cn/news/newsDetailFrame.shtml?22/n221291.html,2001-03-31
[16]结构性重组主要是指工商企业为增强核心竞争力将物流职能剥离的行为。
[17]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/zhengwugonggao/jiaotongbu/daoluyunshu/201012/t20101213_886214.html中华人民共和国交通运输部网站.李刚司长在甩挂运输试点工作会议上的总结讲话
[18]虽然对物流研究之初没有意识到物流是一个系统，但本文认为物流服务作为一个系统存在是一个客观存在的事实。
[19]安得物流最初隶属于美的集团，2000年美的正式将物流业务剥离，成立了安得物流公司。安得物流系国内最早开展现代物流集成化管理、以现代物流理念运作的第三方物流企业之一。
[20]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(2010)[M/CD],中国统计出版社:16-9货物周转量
[21]于祥明.明后两年铁路建设及机车购置投资达2.3万亿元[EB/OL].http://business.sohu.com/20081113/n260604008.shtml,2008-11-13
[22]案例基础数据来自对交通运输部规划研究院战略与政策研究所所长谭小平的访问，即甩挂运输试点曙光初现[J].运输经理世界,2011(01):36-38
[23]http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content/201007/674_120856.html中国物流与采购网
[24]事实上，物流产业系统的平衡（静止）状态基本上是不存在的，这里是为了建模而提出的假设。
[25]物流服务中的各种物流服务功能，如运输、仓储、装卸搬运、包装、信息等，可以视为物流产业内的物流服务功能子系统。
[26]势在经济学研究中指从一种状态达到另一种状态的能力，或者繁殖系统具有的采取某种走向的能力（苗东升.系统科学原理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990:480）。
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[10]1935年，美国市场营销协会首次在《市场营销用语集》中对物流进行定义，之后进行两次修订后形成现在的定义。
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[12]Council of Logistics Management,1999.英文原文为,“Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans,implements, and contrals the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from thepoint of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements.”
[13]参考美国物流协会对物流的定义加以修正为：逆向物流是为了资源回收或处理废弃物，在有效率及适当成本下，对原料、在制品、成品和相关信息从消费点到原始产出点的流动和储存，进行规划、执行与管制的过程。（孟建华.现代物流管理概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:242）
[14]在这里，“一站式”物流服务需求可以理解为，随着人们经济生活水平的不断提高，人们越来越注重物流服务的便捷性、高效性、及时性等品质的提升，希望得到足不出户的一条龙式的物流服务。比如说，在以前人们可能难以想象邮递员会上门接收邮件、包裹，并且在极短的时间内被送达到另一个地方，而现在这种物流服务却是为消费者所普遍接受的。
[15]海尔集团企业文化中心.海尔集团首席执行官张瑞敏在“海尔现代物流同步模式研讨会”上的发言[EB/OL].http://www.haier.cn/news/newsDetailFrame.shtml?22/n221291.html,2001-03-31
[16]结构性重组主要是指工商企业为增强核心竞争力将物流职能剥离的行为。
[17]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/zhengwugonggao/jiaotongbu/daoluyunshu/201012/t20101213_886214.html中华人民共和国交通运输部网站.李刚司长在甩挂运输试点工作会议上的总结讲话
[18]虽然对物流研究之初没有意识到物流是一个系统，但本文认为物流服务作为一个系统存在是一个客观存在的事实。
[19]安得物流最初隶属于美的集团，2000年美的正式将物流业务剥离，成立了安得物流公司。安得物流系国内最早开展现代物流集成化管理、以现代物流理念运作的第三方物流企业之一。
[20]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(2010)[M/CD],中国统计出版社:16-9货物周转量
[21]于祥明.明后两年铁路建设及机车购置投资达2.3万亿元[EB/OL].http://business.sohu.com/20081113/n260604008.shtml,2008-11-13
[22]案例基础数据来自对交通运输部规划研究院战略与政策研究所所长谭小平的访问，即甩挂运输试点曙光初现[J].运输经理世界,2011(01):36-38
[23]http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content/201007/674_120856.html中国物流与采购网
[24]事实上，物流产业系统的平衡（静止）状态基本上是不存在的，这里是为了建模而提出的假设。
[25]物流服务中的各种物流服务功能，如运输、仓储、装卸搬运、包装、信息等，可以视为物流产业内的物流服务功能子系统。
[26]势在经济学研究中指从一种状态达到另一种状态的能力，或者繁殖系统具有的采取某种走向的能力（苗东升.系统科学原理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990:480）。
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