水氮供应对日光温室番茄产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响
|
摘要
2010年12月至2011年7月在甘肃省武威市清源镇发展村沙产业暨循环农业示范园区进行了水氮供应对日光温室番茄产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响试验，以日光温室番茄为研究对象，寻求当地日光温室番茄节水节肥、丰产、优质、高效的灌水施氮模式。对日光温室番茄生长指标、耗水规律、产量、品质以及土壤NO_3-N含量进行观测分析，研究得出如下结果：
（1）适时、适度亏水灌溉能提高番茄的总产量和一类果的产量，舍弃果的产量也略有增加，但总体影响不大；亏水条件下过量施肥增加舍弃果产量占总产量的比重，降低一类果产量占总产量的比重；但适量增施氮肥能促进番茄早熟，从而提高前期产量的比重，由于采收前期番茄市场价格较高，因此适量增施氮肥有助于提高番茄的经济效益。开花坐果期和果实膨大期亏水及增施氮肥对日光温室番茄的株高、径粗均无显著影响。
（2）在温室番茄的商品品质指标中，除了番茄的单果重，其它指标对水氮供应的响应均不显著。增施氮肥有助于提高番茄的单果重，而亏水灌溉使番茄的单果重下降，且果实膨大期亏水对果实单果重的影响大于开花座果期。在温室番茄的内在品质指标中，充分灌溉条件下增施氮肥能提高果实可溶性固形物的含量，在亏水灌溉的条件下增施氮肥会降低果实可溶性固形物的含量；果实膨大期亏水能显著提高番茄果实的维生素C含量；灌水量相同时适量增施氮肥反而能降低番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量，施氮量相同时亏水灌溉会提高番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量。
（3）土壤沿剖面的含水率变化对水量因子比对施氮量因子更敏感，果实膨大期亏水土壤沿剖面的含水率变化比开花座果期的更剧烈。各水氮处理在0～100cm土层深度中的土壤NO_3-N分布状况基本一致，即土壤表层0-10cm和80～100cm土层的NO_3-N含量较高，40～60cm土层的NO_3-N含量较低。随着施氮量的增加，沿土层深度的NO_3-N含量也逐渐增加。在施氮量相同的条件下，亏水灌溉土壤水溶液的NO_3-N含量均显著低于充分灌溉条件下土壤水溶液的NO_3-N含量。
（4）日光温室番茄各生育阶段耗水总量为果实成熟期>果实膨大期>开花座果期。亏水灌溉能够提高水分利用效率，且同等亏水水平下果实膨大期亏水比开花座果期亏水的水分利用效率高。亏水灌溉能够提高番茄的氮肥利用效率，且同等亏水水平下开花座果期亏水比果实膨大期亏水的氮肥利用效率高。在果实膨大期亏水的条件下，增施氮肥虽能提高番茄产量，但氮肥的利用效率随施氮量的增加而下降，故在本试验地区增施氮肥并不合理。
（5）选用3种应用最广泛的水分生产函数模型对本试验条件下温室番茄的水分生产函数进行了计算，日光温室番茄各生育阶段对亏水的敏感程度为果实成熟期>果实膨大期>开花座果期，根据回归分析的计算结果，在本试验条件下，Blank模型是较为理想的温室番茄的水分生产函数模型。
The objective of this study is to research the optimal water-and-fertilization patternwhich is water-and-fertilization saving, steady yield and good quality for tomato ingreenhouse. The experiment was conducted in the town of Qingyuan in Wuwei in the Gansuprovince Basin Agricultural Demonstration Area for Sand Industry from December2010toJuly2011. The growing index, water consumption, yield and quality of the greenhouse tomatoand the absorption of NO_3-N in soil, were monitored and analyzed.The main results are:
(1) The total yield and the First-Fruit yield of the greenhouse tomato increased underwater deficit, though it also increased the Discarding-Fruit yield, it does not matter. Increasingnitrogen increased the proportion of the Discarding-Fruit yield among the total yield of thegreenhouse tomato on the same amount of irrigation, and it decreased the proportion of theFirst-Fruit yield among the total yield. Increasing nitrogen could promote tomato mature,which increased the proportion of the earlier period yield among the total yield. As the marketprice higher in the earlier period, economic benefits of the greenhouse tomato increased. Theplant height and stem diameter of the greenhouse tomato were not affected obviously underdifferent water and nitrogen levels.
(2)Within the quality of commodity index of the greenhouse tomato, all of the indexwere not affected obviously under different water and nitrogen levels unless the index of fruitweight. Increasing nitrogen increased fruit weight of the greenhouse tomato which woulddecreased when water deficit, especially in fruiting stage. Within the quality of internal indexof the greenhouse tomato, Increasing nitrogen increased total soluble solid content on fullirrigation, while increasing nitrogen decreased total soluble solid content on water deficit.Vitamin C content improved to water deficit in fruiting stage. Increasing nitrogen properlycould decreased Nitrate content on the same amount of irrigation, but increasing nitrogenwould increased Nitrate content to water deficit.
(3) The soil moisture along soil profile was more sensitive to water deficit than nitrogen,and it was more sensitive to water deficit in fruiting stage than in flower appearing stage. Theaverage absorption of NO_3-N in the depth of0～100cm soil were not affected obviouslyunder different water and nitrogen levels in the whole growing stage of the greenhouse tomato.The absorption of NO_3-N in the depth of surface0～10cm and80～100cm soil were higher, while the absorption of NO_3-N was lower in the depth of40～60cm soil. With the nitrogenincreased, the absorption of NO_3-N was increased with the depth of soil. The absorption ofsoil water NO_3-N to water deficit were significantly lower than to full irrigation on the sameamount of nitrogen.
(4) Under the test conditions, the water consumption characteristic was: fruit maturationstage> fruiting stage> flower appearing stage. The water use efficiency was improved towater deficit especially in fruiting stage than in flower appearing stage. The water-fertilizationuse efficiency was improved to water deficit especially in flower appearing stage than infruiting stage. Increasing nitrogen increased yield of the greenhouse tomato while decreasedwater-fertilization use efficiency to water deficit in fruiting stage.
(5)Water production function of greenhouse tomato was calculated by three waterproduction function model with wide range of applications, and the sequence of sensitivityindexes to water deficit of greenhouse tomato in different stages was: fruit maturation stage>fruiting stage> flower appearing stage. According to the sequence, Blank model was the bestwater production function of greenhouse tomato under the test conditions.
（1）适时、适度亏水灌溉能提高番茄的总产量和一类果的产量，舍弃果的产量也略有增加，但总体影响不大；亏水条件下过量施肥增加舍弃果产量占总产量的比重，降低一类果产量占总产量的比重；但适量增施氮肥能促进番茄早熟，从而提高前期产量的比重，由于采收前期番茄市场价格较高，因此适量增施氮肥有助于提高番茄的经济效益。开花坐果期和果实膨大期亏水及增施氮肥对日光温室番茄的株高、径粗均无显著影响。
（2）在温室番茄的商品品质指标中，除了番茄的单果重，其它指标对水氮供应的响应均不显著。增施氮肥有助于提高番茄的单果重，而亏水灌溉使番茄的单果重下降，且果实膨大期亏水对果实单果重的影响大于开花座果期。在温室番茄的内在品质指标中，充分灌溉条件下增施氮肥能提高果实可溶性固形物的含量，在亏水灌溉的条件下增施氮肥会降低果实可溶性固形物的含量；果实膨大期亏水能显著提高番茄果实的维生素C含量；灌水量相同时适量增施氮肥反而能降低番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量，施氮量相同时亏水灌溉会提高番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量。
（3）土壤沿剖面的含水率变化对水量因子比对施氮量因子更敏感，果实膨大期亏水土壤沿剖面的含水率变化比开花座果期的更剧烈。各水氮处理在0～100cm土层深度中的土壤NO_3-N分布状况基本一致，即土壤表层0-10cm和80～100cm土层的NO_3-N含量较高，40～60cm土层的NO_3-N含量较低。随着施氮量的增加，沿土层深度的NO_3-N含量也逐渐增加。在施氮量相同的条件下，亏水灌溉土壤水溶液的NO_3-N含量均显著低于充分灌溉条件下土壤水溶液的NO_3-N含量。
（4）日光温室番茄各生育阶段耗水总量为果实成熟期>果实膨大期>开花座果期。亏水灌溉能够提高水分利用效率，且同等亏水水平下果实膨大期亏水比开花座果期亏水的水分利用效率高。亏水灌溉能够提高番茄的氮肥利用效率，且同等亏水水平下开花座果期亏水比果实膨大期亏水的氮肥利用效率高。在果实膨大期亏水的条件下，增施氮肥虽能提高番茄产量，但氮肥的利用效率随施氮量的增加而下降，故在本试验地区增施氮肥并不合理。
（5）选用3种应用最广泛的水分生产函数模型对本试验条件下温室番茄的水分生产函数进行了计算，日光温室番茄各生育阶段对亏水的敏感程度为果实成熟期>果实膨大期>开花座果期，根据回归分析的计算结果，在本试验条件下，Blank模型是较为理想的温室番茄的水分生产函数模型。
The objective of this study is to research the optimal water-and-fertilization patternwhich is water-and-fertilization saving, steady yield and good quality for tomato ingreenhouse. The experiment was conducted in the town of Qingyuan in Wuwei in the Gansuprovince Basin Agricultural Demonstration Area for Sand Industry from December2010toJuly2011. The growing index, water consumption, yield and quality of the greenhouse tomatoand the absorption of NO_3-N in soil, were monitored and analyzed.The main results are:
(1) The total yield and the First-Fruit yield of the greenhouse tomato increased underwater deficit, though it also increased the Discarding-Fruit yield, it does not matter. Increasingnitrogen increased the proportion of the Discarding-Fruit yield among the total yield of thegreenhouse tomato on the same amount of irrigation, and it decreased the proportion of theFirst-Fruit yield among the total yield. Increasing nitrogen could promote tomato mature,which increased the proportion of the earlier period yield among the total yield. As the marketprice higher in the earlier period, economic benefits of the greenhouse tomato increased. Theplant height and stem diameter of the greenhouse tomato were not affected obviously underdifferent water and nitrogen levels.
(2)Within the quality of commodity index of the greenhouse tomato, all of the indexwere not affected obviously under different water and nitrogen levels unless the index of fruitweight. Increasing nitrogen increased fruit weight of the greenhouse tomato which woulddecreased when water deficit, especially in fruiting stage. Within the quality of internal indexof the greenhouse tomato, Increasing nitrogen increased total soluble solid content on fullirrigation, while increasing nitrogen decreased total soluble solid content on water deficit.Vitamin C content improved to water deficit in fruiting stage. Increasing nitrogen properlycould decreased Nitrate content on the same amount of irrigation, but increasing nitrogenwould increased Nitrate content to water deficit.
(3) The soil moisture along soil profile was more sensitive to water deficit than nitrogen,and it was more sensitive to water deficit in fruiting stage than in flower appearing stage. Theaverage absorption of NO_3-N in the depth of0～100cm soil were not affected obviouslyunder different water and nitrogen levels in the whole growing stage of the greenhouse tomato.The absorption of NO_3-N in the depth of surface0～10cm and80～100cm soil were higher, while the absorption of NO_3-N was lower in the depth of40～60cm soil. With the nitrogenincreased, the absorption of NO_3-N was increased with the depth of soil. The absorption ofsoil water NO_3-N to water deficit were significantly lower than to full irrigation on the sameamount of nitrogen.
(4) Under the test conditions, the water consumption characteristic was: fruit maturationstage> fruiting stage> flower appearing stage. The water use efficiency was improved towater deficit especially in fruiting stage than in flower appearing stage. The water-fertilizationuse efficiency was improved to water deficit especially in flower appearing stage than infruiting stage. Increasing nitrogen increased yield of the greenhouse tomato while decreasedwater-fertilization use efficiency to water deficit in fruiting stage.
(5)Water production function of greenhouse tomato was calculated by three waterproduction function model with wide range of applications, and the sequence of sensitivityindexes to water deficit of greenhouse tomato in different stages was: fruit maturation stage>fruiting stage> flower appearing stage. According to the sequence, Blank model was the bestwater production function of greenhouse tomato under the test conditions.
引文
白优爱，贺建德，陈清，李晓林.2004.京郊保护地秋季番茄的氮素供应及利用.中国蔬菜，2004(2)：7-9
柏延芳，张海，张立新.2008.氮肥对黄土高原大棚蔬菜及土壤硝酸盐累积的影响.中国生态农业学报，16(3):555-559
蔡万涛，陈阜，张海林，雷杰，文新亚.2009.不同氮肥水平对黄瓜产量、土壤硝态氮累积及土壤水溶液硝态氮含量的影响.华北农学报，24(3):189-193
曹庆杰，孙权，李建设，郭鑫年，陈茹.2010.不同施氮量对设施黄瓜生长及产量的影响.北方园艺，(8):1-4
常莉飞，邹志荣.2007.调亏灌溉对温室黄瓜生长发育、产量及品质的影响.安徽农业科学，35(23):7142-7144
陈伦寿，陆景陵.2002.蔬菜营养与施肥技术.北京：中国农业出版社：108
陈平.2009.石羊河流域温室番茄节水调质及优化灌溉制度试验研究.[硕士学位论文].陕西杨凌：西北农林科技大学
葛晓光.2001.菜田土壤与施肥.北京：中国农业出版社：45
郭海涛，邹志荣，杨兴娟，周贺芳.2007.调亏灌溉对番茄生理指标、产量品质及水分生产效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究，25(3):133-137
何华，杜社妮，梁银丽，张成娥.2003.土壤水分条件对温室黄瓜需水规律和水分利用的影响.西北植物学报，23(8):1372-1376
何飞飞，肖万里，李俊良，陈清，江荣风，张福锁.2006.日光温室番茄氮素资源综合管理技术研究.植物营养与肥料学报，12(3):394-399
李邵，薛绪掌，郭文善，张伟娟，陈菲.2010.水肥耦合对温室盆栽黄瓜产量与水分利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，16(2):376-381
李俊良，朱建华，张晓晟，孟祥霞，陈清，李晓林，张福锁.2001.保护地番茄养分利用及土壤氮素淋失.应用与环境生物学报，7(2):126-129
李天来.2005.我国日光温室产业发展现状与前景.沈阳农业大学学报，36(2):131-138
李鹏，李玉浸，杨殿林，王志勇，庞凤梅.2008.供氮水平及有机无机肥料配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响.安徽农业科学，36(18):7779-7780
李俊良，陈新平，李晓林，张福锁.2003.大白菜氮肥施用的产量效应、品质效应和环境效应.土壤学报，40(2):261
李霆.2005.石羊河流域主要农作物水分生产函数及优化灌溉制度的初步研究.[硕士学位论文].陕西杨凌：西北农林科技大学
李志宏，刘宏斌，张福锁.2006.土壤硝态氮速测箱（N-kit）在小麦追肥中的应用研究.土壤通报，37(1):99-102
刘晓燕，同延安，张树兰.2010.不同施肥处理对日光温室黄瓜产量和土壤NO3-N含量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报，38(5):131-142
刘明池，张慎好，刘向莉.2005.亏缺灌溉时期对番茄果实品质和产量的影响.农业工程学报，21(S):92-95
闵炬，施卫明.2009.不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，15（1）：151-157
庞云.2006.温室无土栽培黄瓜水肥耦合效应研究初探.内蒙古农业科技，2006(6):49-50
任华中.2003.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育、品质及土壤环境的影响.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
孙小凤.2005.不同供氮水平对油白菜产量和品质的影响.土壤肥料，2005(4):11-13
苏华，金宝燕，张福墁，任华中.2005.施肥和灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展.中国蔬菜，2005（增刊）：49-52
王峰，杜太生，邱让建，董平国.2010.亏缺灌溉对温室番茄产量与水分利用效率的影响.农业工程学报，26(9):46-52
王峰，杜太生，邱让建.2011.基于品质主成分分析的温室番茄亏缺灌溉制度.农业工程学报，27(1):75-80
王实娟，王永泉，王树忠，张振贤，高丽红.2010.水氮处理对日光温室不同茬口黄瓜风味品质的影响.华北农学报，25(3):153-158
王丽娟，马刚，张岚翠.2010.水分亏缺处理对番茄果实品质及产量的影响.安徽农业科学，38(9):4499-4500
王柳，张福墁，魏秀菊.2007.不同氮肥水平对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响.农业工程学报，23(12):225-229
王平，陈新平，田长彦，张福锁.2005.不同水氮管理对棉花产量、品质及养分平衡的影响.中国农业科学，38(4):761-769
徐坤范，李明玉，艾希珍.2006.氮对日光温室黄瓜呈味物质、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，12(5):717-721
徐坤范，艾希珍，张晓慧，徐康乐.2005.氮素水平对日光温室黄瓜品质的影响.西北农业学报，14(1):162-166
徐福利，梁银丽，张成娥，杜社妮，陈志杰.2004.施肥对日光温室黄瓜和土壤硝酸盐含量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，10(1):68-72
姚磊，杨阿明.1997.不同水分胁迫对番茄生长的影响.华北农学报，12(2):102～106
袁丽萍.2004.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育及品质影响的研究.[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
虞娜，张玉龙，张玉玲，邹洪涛，党秀丽，杨丹.2009.灌溉和施肥对温室番茄产量和品质影响效应的研究.中国土壤与肥料，2009(4):31-35
于红梅，李子忠，龚元石.2007.传统和优化水氮管理对蔬菜地土壤氮素损失与利用效率的影响.农业工程学报，23(2):54-59
张国红，袁丽萍，郭英华，朱鑫，张振贤.2005.不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响.农业工程学报，21（S）：151-154
张国红.2004.施肥水平对日光温室番茄生育和土壤环境的影响.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
张东昱，陈修斌，张文斌，许耀照，闫芳.2010.荒漠化地区温室黄瓜水肥耦合效应量化指标研究.土壤通报，41(2):351-354
张剑，陈军响.2009.不同施氮水平对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.长江蔬菜，2009(1b):21-23
张晓晟.2005.京郊地区集约化蔬菜生产中氮素综合管理系统的建立和应用.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
赵长盛，苏欣，胡承孝，黄魏.2009.小白菜高产优质高效施用氮肥的研究.长江蔬菜，2009(14):70-75
赵青华，王金芬，胡焕平.2007.氮素水平对日光温室黄瓜品质的影响.北方园艺，(6):13-14
诸海焘，吕卫光，余廷园.2006.不同氮肥用量对青花菜品质和产量的影响.北方园艺，2006(1):6-7
Arvidsson J.1999. Nutrient uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction. Plant and Soil,208(l):9-19
Dorjia K, Behboudiana M.H, Zegbe-Dom’nguez J.A.2005. Water relations, growth, yield and fruitquality of hot pepper under deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying. Scientia Horticulture,104:137-149
Dogan E, Kirnak H, Berekatoglu K, etc.2008. Water stress imposed on muskmelon with subsurfaceand surface drip irrigation systems under semi-arid climatic conditions. Irrigation Science,26:131-138
Jensen M E.1968. Water consumption by agricultural plants, in kolowski(ed). Water Deficits PlantsGrowth,2:1-22
Krystyna E, Irena B.1999. Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on quality of fresh andfrozen broccoli. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin,50:93-106
Minhas R A, etc.1974. Towards the structure of production function of wheat yields with dated inputsof irrigation water. Water Resources Research,3(10):333-343
Montemurro F, Colucci R, Bari V, Ferri D, Anac D, Martin Prevel P.1999. Effects of a temporarywater and nitrogen deficit in the soil on tomato yield and quality. Improved Crop Quality by nutrientmanagement, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp127-130
Stewart B A.1981. Conjunctive use of rainfall and irrigation in semiarid regions. Advance inIrrigation,(1):1-24
Sezen S.M, Yazar A, Eker S.2006. Effect of drip irrigation regimes on yield and quality of field grownbell pepper. Agricultural Water Management,81:115-131
Sensoy S, Ertek A, Ibrahim G., etc.2007. Irrigation frequency and amount affect yield and quality offield-grown melon(Cucumis melo L.). Agricultural Water Management,88:269-274
Treeby M.T, Henriod R.E, Bevington K.B, etc.2007. Irrigation management and rootstock effects onnavel orange fruit quality. Agricultural Water Management,91:24-32
Zegbe J.A, Behboudiana M.H, Langb A, et al.2003. Deficit irrigation and partial rootzone dryingmaintain fruit dry mass and enhance fruit quality in‘Petopride’ processing tomato. Scientia Horticulture,98:505-510.
柏延芳，张海，张立新.2008.氮肥对黄土高原大棚蔬菜及土壤硝酸盐累积的影响.中国生态农业学报，16(3):555-559
蔡万涛，陈阜，张海林，雷杰，文新亚.2009.不同氮肥水平对黄瓜产量、土壤硝态氮累积及土壤水溶液硝态氮含量的影响.华北农学报，24(3):189-193
曹庆杰，孙权，李建设，郭鑫年，陈茹.2010.不同施氮量对设施黄瓜生长及产量的影响.北方园艺，(8):1-4
常莉飞，邹志荣.2007.调亏灌溉对温室黄瓜生长发育、产量及品质的影响.安徽农业科学，35(23):7142-7144
陈伦寿，陆景陵.2002.蔬菜营养与施肥技术.北京：中国农业出版社：108
陈平.2009.石羊河流域温室番茄节水调质及优化灌溉制度试验研究.[硕士学位论文].陕西杨凌：西北农林科技大学
葛晓光.2001.菜田土壤与施肥.北京：中国农业出版社：45
郭海涛，邹志荣，杨兴娟，周贺芳.2007.调亏灌溉对番茄生理指标、产量品质及水分生产效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究，25(3):133-137
何华，杜社妮，梁银丽，张成娥.2003.土壤水分条件对温室黄瓜需水规律和水分利用的影响.西北植物学报，23(8):1372-1376
何飞飞，肖万里，李俊良，陈清，江荣风，张福锁.2006.日光温室番茄氮素资源综合管理技术研究.植物营养与肥料学报，12(3):394-399
李邵，薛绪掌，郭文善，张伟娟，陈菲.2010.水肥耦合对温室盆栽黄瓜产量与水分利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，16(2):376-381
李俊良，朱建华，张晓晟，孟祥霞，陈清，李晓林，张福锁.2001.保护地番茄养分利用及土壤氮素淋失.应用与环境生物学报，7(2):126-129
李天来.2005.我国日光温室产业发展现状与前景.沈阳农业大学学报，36(2):131-138
李鹏，李玉浸，杨殿林，王志勇，庞凤梅.2008.供氮水平及有机无机肥料配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响.安徽农业科学，36(18):7779-7780
李俊良，陈新平，李晓林，张福锁.2003.大白菜氮肥施用的产量效应、品质效应和环境效应.土壤学报，40(2):261
李霆.2005.石羊河流域主要农作物水分生产函数及优化灌溉制度的初步研究.[硕士学位论文].陕西杨凌：西北农林科技大学
李志宏，刘宏斌，张福锁.2006.土壤硝态氮速测箱（N-kit）在小麦追肥中的应用研究.土壤通报，37(1):99-102
刘晓燕，同延安，张树兰.2010.不同施肥处理对日光温室黄瓜产量和土壤NO3-N含量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报，38(5):131-142
刘明池，张慎好，刘向莉.2005.亏缺灌溉时期对番茄果实品质和产量的影响.农业工程学报，21(S):92-95
闵炬，施卫明.2009.不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，15（1）：151-157
庞云.2006.温室无土栽培黄瓜水肥耦合效应研究初探.内蒙古农业科技，2006(6):49-50
任华中.2003.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育、品质及土壤环境的影响.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
孙小凤.2005.不同供氮水平对油白菜产量和品质的影响.土壤肥料，2005(4):11-13
苏华，金宝燕，张福墁，任华中.2005.施肥和灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究进展.中国蔬菜，2005（增刊）：49-52
王峰，杜太生，邱让建，董平国.2010.亏缺灌溉对温室番茄产量与水分利用效率的影响.农业工程学报，26(9):46-52
王峰，杜太生，邱让建.2011.基于品质主成分分析的温室番茄亏缺灌溉制度.农业工程学报，27(1):75-80
王实娟，王永泉，王树忠，张振贤，高丽红.2010.水氮处理对日光温室不同茬口黄瓜风味品质的影响.华北农学报，25(3):153-158
王丽娟，马刚，张岚翠.2010.水分亏缺处理对番茄果实品质及产量的影响.安徽农业科学，38(9):4499-4500
王柳，张福墁，魏秀菊.2007.不同氮肥水平对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响.农业工程学报，23(12):225-229
王平，陈新平，田长彦，张福锁.2005.不同水氮管理对棉花产量、品质及养分平衡的影响.中国农业科学，38(4):761-769
徐坤范，李明玉，艾希珍.2006.氮对日光温室黄瓜呈味物质、硝酸盐含量及产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，12(5):717-721
徐坤范，艾希珍，张晓慧，徐康乐.2005.氮素水平对日光温室黄瓜品质的影响.西北农业学报，14(1):162-166
徐福利，梁银丽，张成娥，杜社妮，陈志杰.2004.施肥对日光温室黄瓜和土壤硝酸盐含量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报，10(1):68-72
姚磊，杨阿明.1997.不同水分胁迫对番茄生长的影响.华北农学报，12(2):102～106
袁丽萍.2004.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育及品质影响的研究.[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
虞娜，张玉龙，张玉玲，邹洪涛，党秀丽，杨丹.2009.灌溉和施肥对温室番茄产量和品质影响效应的研究.中国土壤与肥料，2009(4):31-35
于红梅，李子忠，龚元石.2007.传统和优化水氮管理对蔬菜地土壤氮素损失与利用效率的影响.农业工程学报，23(2):54-59
张国红，袁丽萍，郭英华，朱鑫，张振贤.2005.不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响.农业工程学报，21（S）：151-154
张国红.2004.施肥水平对日光温室番茄生育和土壤环境的影响.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
张东昱，陈修斌，张文斌，许耀照，闫芳.2010.荒漠化地区温室黄瓜水肥耦合效应量化指标研究.土壤通报，41(2):351-354
张剑，陈军响.2009.不同施氮水平对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.长江蔬菜，2009(1b):21-23
张晓晟.2005.京郊地区集约化蔬菜生产中氮素综合管理系统的建立和应用.[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学
赵长盛，苏欣，胡承孝，黄魏.2009.小白菜高产优质高效施用氮肥的研究.长江蔬菜，2009(14):70-75
赵青华，王金芬，胡焕平.2007.氮素水平对日光温室黄瓜品质的影响.北方园艺，(6):13-14
诸海焘，吕卫光，余廷园.2006.不同氮肥用量对青花菜品质和产量的影响.北方园艺，2006(1):6-7
Arvidsson J.1999. Nutrient uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction. Plant and Soil,208(l):9-19
Dorjia K, Behboudiana M.H, Zegbe-Dom’nguez J.A.2005. Water relations, growth, yield and fruitquality of hot pepper under deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying. Scientia Horticulture,104:137-149
Dogan E, Kirnak H, Berekatoglu K, etc.2008. Water stress imposed on muskmelon with subsurfaceand surface drip irrigation systems under semi-arid climatic conditions. Irrigation Science,26:131-138
Jensen M E.1968. Water consumption by agricultural plants, in kolowski(ed). Water Deficits PlantsGrowth,2:1-22
Krystyna E, Irena B.1999. Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on quality of fresh andfrozen broccoli. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin,50:93-106
Minhas R A, etc.1974. Towards the structure of production function of wheat yields with dated inputsof irrigation water. Water Resources Research,3(10):333-343
Montemurro F, Colucci R, Bari V, Ferri D, Anac D, Martin Prevel P.1999. Effects of a temporarywater and nitrogen deficit in the soil on tomato yield and quality. Improved Crop Quality by nutrientmanagement, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp127-130
Stewart B A.1981. Conjunctive use of rainfall and irrigation in semiarid regions. Advance inIrrigation,(1):1-24
Sezen S.M, Yazar A, Eker S.2006. Effect of drip irrigation regimes on yield and quality of field grownbell pepper. Agricultural Water Management,81:115-131
Sensoy S, Ertek A, Ibrahim G., etc.2007. Irrigation frequency and amount affect yield and quality offield-grown melon(Cucumis melo L.). Agricultural Water Management,88:269-274
Treeby M.T, Henriod R.E, Bevington K.B, etc.2007. Irrigation management and rootstock effects onnavel orange fruit quality. Agricultural Water Management,91:24-32
Zegbe J.A, Behboudiana M.H, Langb A, et al.2003. Deficit irrigation and partial rootzone dryingmaintain fruit dry mass and enhance fruit quality in‘Petopride’ processing tomato. Scientia Horticulture,98:505-510.