钻井液固液动压分离及固液两相流运动规律研究
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摘要
本文研究了由两台等质径积激振电机自同步激励多层锥型滤网,并采用旋流分离、沉降分离、十字流分离和滤网压滤分离机理,从而实现固液两相即钻井岩屑颗粒和钻井液分离的试验装置。其主要特点是:应用了多种固液分离原理;可实现连续操作、封闭式固液动压分离。不仅提高了分离效率、有利于环保,而且还适应了低压(沙漠、海上、泡沫)钻井等新型钻井工艺技术对固控系统的要求。针对这种新型固液分离动压机开展了一系列开拓性的研究工作:
(1) 基于钻井液是不可压缩的非牛顿流体和其流变特性与理想的牛顿流体存在着很大区别的特点,分析和总结了钻井液流变模型,通过试验研究分析,提出了一种新的钻井液流变模型计算方法;同时对岩屑基本性质、固相岩屑测量与颗粒尺寸分布等作了系统的研究,为合理选择动压机固液分离理论和滤网提供了理论依据。
(2) 根据机械动力学建立了动压机的自同步数学模型,运用Hamilton原理得出了双电机自同步动压机的自同步条件和同步状态稳定性条件;并结合三向异步激振电机的数学模型建立了激振电机和动压机机电耦合数学模型。
(3) 结合动压机结构和入流方式特点,提出了研究动压机内钻井液流场的数学方法,建立了动压机流场的边界条件,建立了动压机钻井液旋流流场数学模型,研究了钻井液径向、切向、轴向运动规律,并分析了动压机内的短路流和循环流问题。
(4) 研究了动压机内的湍流问题,并得出了一种较为理想的描述动压机湍流流场的N-S方程和普朗特混合长模型;建立了动压机内的振荡流数学模型,并在以上基础上讨论了岩屑颗粒在湍流中的运动规律。
(5) 从颗粒与液相介质之间的相互作用入手,相继讨论了动压机内颗粒的受力问题、轴向沉降、离心力场沉降等问题。运用BBO方程讨论了岩屑颗粒的离心沉降问题和干涉沉降问题,得出了岩屑颗粒离心沉降末速度。
(6) 研究了钻井液液相过网动力,分析了动压机内所特有的低剪切力十字流动态过滤规律;建立了动压机滤网固相颗粒运动模型,揭示了固相颗粒在振动滤网上的运动规律。
本文的研究工作属于中国石油天然气集团公司项目“钻井液固液动态压滤分离机”研究工作的一部分。理论分析和试验结果表明,本文对钻井液固液动压分离模拟试验装置相关工作机理的研究,以及在试验装置结构设计中的应用是可行的,对“钻井液固液动态压滤分离机”的相关研究工作具有参考、指导意义。
The dissertation studies an experiment device which can separate particles from drilling fluid quickly. The experiment is excited by two vibration motors whose product of mass and radius is equal. And this device adopts a new technique which is composed of swirl, deposition, cross flow and pressure filtration. This dynamic filter pressing device has such feathers: its structure is simple, applying various separate principles, carrying out separation operation continuously and closely. These not only improve segregate efficiency and help to environmental protection, especially, they meet the demand what under-balanced (desert, sea, foam) drilling needed for solid control system. In order to clarify the working mechanism of dynamic filter pressing machine and understand the application of various solid-liquids separate theory on dynamic filter pressing machine, At the same time, provide theories to development and production the new product, this dissertation does some pioneering research work and has completed the following studies.(1) On the basis of the specialties that drilling fluid is incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and its rheologic property is very different from Newtonian fluid, this dissertation analyses and summarize the rheologic model of drilling fluid and gave out a new method of calculation to the rheologic model through experiment. At the same time, dosing well research on the basic property of rock debris, the measures of rock debris and the distributing of particle size which provide theories for choosing screen and choosing the way for separate.(2) Built up the mathematical model of self-synchronization about This dynamic filter pressing device, Make use of the principle of Hamilton ,the self-synchronizing condition and synchronizing state stability condition about The dynamic filter pressing device excited by two self-synchronizing vibration motors are gave out. The coupling mathematical model between the vibration motors and the dynamic filter pressing device is established based on the mathematical model of the three-way asynchronous vibration motors.(3) Based on the structure and the feed of the dynamic filter pressing device, a mathematical method on researching the drilling fluid field in the device is gave out. The boundary condition about the flow field is build up and the mathematical model about the drilling fluid field in the device is set forth. The law of motion of the drilling fluid at the radial direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction is studied, at the same time, the short flow and circulating flow are analyzed.(4)A problem on turbulent flow is studied in the dynamic filter pressing device, the N-S equation and the mixed-model modal are revealed, which can describe the turbulent flow field perfectly. A dominant mathematical mode in the device is build up, and on the base of above, the kinetic law of the debris is discussed.(5)Begin with the interaction between particles and drilling fluid, one after the other, the problem that particles descent at axial direction, descent in centrifugal force field, and get force in thee dynamic filter pressing device is discussed. The condition for centrifugal descent and interferential descent is discussed by making use of the BBO
equation, and the final velocity of the particle in the centrifugal force field is educed.(6)The filtered power of the drilling fluids is studied, the law of the dynamic filtering for the lower shear force is analyzed in the dynamic filter pressing device, The Kinetic model of the particle on the filter screen of the device is set up, and a kinetic law of the particle on the vibration filter screen is revealed.The researches on this dissertation are part of the project about the drilling fluids dynamic filter pressing machine sponsored by the Chinese Oil and Natural Gas Company. In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and experimental result show that the relative theoretic research on the dynamic separate model of this equipment is correct and the application for the structure design is suitable .At the same time, the work can contribute to the research of the drilling fluids dynamic filter pressing machine in the future.
(1) 基于钻井液是不可压缩的非牛顿流体和其流变特性与理想的牛顿流体存在着很大区别的特点,分析和总结了钻井液流变模型,通过试验研究分析,提出了一种新的钻井液流变模型计算方法;同时对岩屑基本性质、固相岩屑测量与颗粒尺寸分布等作了系统的研究,为合理选择动压机固液分离理论和滤网提供了理论依据。
(2) 根据机械动力学建立了动压机的自同步数学模型,运用Hamilton原理得出了双电机自同步动压机的自同步条件和同步状态稳定性条件;并结合三向异步激振电机的数学模型建立了激振电机和动压机机电耦合数学模型。
(3) 结合动压机结构和入流方式特点,提出了研究动压机内钻井液流场的数学方法,建立了动压机流场的边界条件,建立了动压机钻井液旋流流场数学模型,研究了钻井液径向、切向、轴向运动规律,并分析了动压机内的短路流和循环流问题。
(4) 研究了动压机内的湍流问题,并得出了一种较为理想的描述动压机湍流流场的N-S方程和普朗特混合长模型;建立了动压机内的振荡流数学模型,并在以上基础上讨论了岩屑颗粒在湍流中的运动规律。
(5) 从颗粒与液相介质之间的相互作用入手,相继讨论了动压机内颗粒的受力问题、轴向沉降、离心力场沉降等问题。运用BBO方程讨论了岩屑颗粒的离心沉降问题和干涉沉降问题,得出了岩屑颗粒离心沉降末速度。
(6) 研究了钻井液液相过网动力,分析了动压机内所特有的低剪切力十字流动态过滤规律;建立了动压机滤网固相颗粒运动模型,揭示了固相颗粒在振动滤网上的运动规律。
本文的研究工作属于中国石油天然气集团公司项目“钻井液固液动态压滤分离机”研究工作的一部分。理论分析和试验结果表明,本文对钻井液固液动压分离模拟试验装置相关工作机理的研究,以及在试验装置结构设计中的应用是可行的,对“钻井液固液动态压滤分离机”的相关研究工作具有参考、指导意义。
The dissertation studies an experiment device which can separate particles from drilling fluid quickly. The experiment is excited by two vibration motors whose product of mass and radius is equal. And this device adopts a new technique which is composed of swirl, deposition, cross flow and pressure filtration. This dynamic filter pressing device has such feathers: its structure is simple, applying various separate principles, carrying out separation operation continuously and closely. These not only improve segregate efficiency and help to environmental protection, especially, they meet the demand what under-balanced (desert, sea, foam) drilling needed for solid control system. In order to clarify the working mechanism of dynamic filter pressing machine and understand the application of various solid-liquids separate theory on dynamic filter pressing machine, At the same time, provide theories to development and production the new product, this dissertation does some pioneering research work and has completed the following studies.(1) On the basis of the specialties that drilling fluid is incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and its rheologic property is very different from Newtonian fluid, this dissertation analyses and summarize the rheologic model of drilling fluid and gave out a new method of calculation to the rheologic model through experiment. At the same time, dosing well research on the basic property of rock debris, the measures of rock debris and the distributing of particle size which provide theories for choosing screen and choosing the way for separate.(2) Built up the mathematical model of self-synchronization about This dynamic filter pressing device, Make use of the principle of Hamilton ,the self-synchronizing condition and synchronizing state stability condition about The dynamic filter pressing device excited by two self-synchronizing vibration motors are gave out. The coupling mathematical model between the vibration motors and the dynamic filter pressing device is established based on the mathematical model of the three-way asynchronous vibration motors.(3) Based on the structure and the feed of the dynamic filter pressing device, a mathematical method on researching the drilling fluid field in the device is gave out. The boundary condition about the flow field is build up and the mathematical model about the drilling fluid field in the device is set forth. The law of motion of the drilling fluid at the radial direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction is studied, at the same time, the short flow and circulating flow are analyzed.(4)A problem on turbulent flow is studied in the dynamic filter pressing device, the N-S equation and the mixed-model modal are revealed, which can describe the turbulent flow field perfectly. A dominant mathematical mode in the device is build up, and on the base of above, the kinetic law of the debris is discussed.(5)Begin with the interaction between particles and drilling fluid, one after the other, the problem that particles descent at axial direction, descent in centrifugal force field, and get force in thee dynamic filter pressing device is discussed. The condition for centrifugal descent and interferential descent is discussed by making use of the BBO
equation, and the final velocity of the particle in the centrifugal force field is educed.(6)The filtered power of the drilling fluids is studied, the law of the dynamic filtering for the lower shear force is analyzed in the dynamic filter pressing device, The Kinetic model of the particle on the filter screen of the device is set up, and a kinetic law of the particle on the vibration filter screen is revealed.The researches on this dissertation are part of the project about the drilling fluids dynamic filter pressing machine sponsored by the Chinese Oil and Natural Gas Company. In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and experimental result show that the relative theoretic research on the dynamic separate model of this equipment is correct and the application for the structure design is suitable .At the same time, the work can contribute to the research of the drilling fluids dynamic filter pressing machine in the future.
引文
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