多出口Linux网关转发性能的改进
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摘要
当多个因特网服务提供商(ISP)的网络链路存在的时候,不同ISP链路之间的互联互通所存在的问题是影响用户网络访问速度的瓶颈所在。因此,各个局域网网关都使用了多个出口。
通常,多出口网络的解决方案有:代理服务器,路由选择加NAT技术和策略路由技术等。由于能实现策略路由的路由器往往价格昂贵,作为免费的一款操作系统,Linux从2.1内核开始提供了很强大的策略路由功能,通过配置来实现策略路由的Linux系统开始部分取代了路由器作为多出口网关。而随着对Linux了解的深入,逐渐出现了通过加载内核模块,通过编程来实现灵活的策略路由的网关。
本文针对多出口Linux网关,采用内核编程来实现。首先对Linux内核网络架构进行了研究,在此基础上考虑缩短数据包在内核中的流程来提高Linux网关的转发性能。由于流程的修改,跳过了路由系统,于是在转发数据包之前重新构造了Linux的路由系统。在优化路由缓存时,将一些常用的地址存入缓存,并制定了相应的缓存替换算法。针对多出口构造了特定的路由表。通过对路由系统的优化来提高网关的转发性能。链路发生故障时能及时的进行链路切换也是普通路由器难以解决的问题。本文利用程序的灵活性实现了简单的链路冗余。
系统在大连海事大学校园网上通过测试,达到了预期效果。
Because the existence of different network lines belong to different network service providers,interconnection of different lines becomes the bottleneck of the rate of the users access the network.Therefore,many LANs begin to use multiple export gateway.
The methods to solve the problem of multiple export in general:proxy server,routing plus NAT(Network Address Translation),policy routing,etc.Because the router with the function of policy routeing always so expensive,as a free Operating System,Linux provides strong functions of policy routing from kernel 2.1.Now,the Linux OS configured with policy routing begins to substitute router as the export gateway.Along with a deeper understanding of Linux,appear some gateway with flexble policy routing function realized through kernel programming.
This thesis uses kernel programming implementing a multiple export gateway based on linux.It first researches the net framework of Linux kernel and considers shortening the journey of the packets travel in the kernel to promote the performance of the Linux gateway based on the research.Because the revision jumps over the Route System,the thesis constructs a new route system before transmitting the packet. The system reads these IP addresses that in common use to the route cache and constitutes the cache substitution arithmetic when constructing route cache.Aim at multiple export constructing special route table.Through optimizing route system to promote the performance of the gateway.It is hard that when the line in trouble choose another way in time for regular router.This thesis makes use of flexble programming realizing simple line redundancy.
The system has passed the testing and reached the expected result.
通常,多出口网络的解决方案有:代理服务器,路由选择加NAT技术和策略路由技术等。由于能实现策略路由的路由器往往价格昂贵,作为免费的一款操作系统,Linux从2.1内核开始提供了很强大的策略路由功能,通过配置来实现策略路由的Linux系统开始部分取代了路由器作为多出口网关。而随着对Linux了解的深入,逐渐出现了通过加载内核模块,通过编程来实现灵活的策略路由的网关。
本文针对多出口Linux网关,采用内核编程来实现。首先对Linux内核网络架构进行了研究,在此基础上考虑缩短数据包在内核中的流程来提高Linux网关的转发性能。由于流程的修改,跳过了路由系统,于是在转发数据包之前重新构造了Linux的路由系统。在优化路由缓存时,将一些常用的地址存入缓存,并制定了相应的缓存替换算法。针对多出口构造了特定的路由表。通过对路由系统的优化来提高网关的转发性能。链路发生故障时能及时的进行链路切换也是普通路由器难以解决的问题。本文利用程序的灵活性实现了简单的链路冗余。
系统在大连海事大学校园网上通过测试,达到了预期效果。
Because the existence of different network lines belong to different network service providers,interconnection of different lines becomes the bottleneck of the rate of the users access the network.Therefore,many LANs begin to use multiple export gateway.
The methods to solve the problem of multiple export in general:proxy server,routing plus NAT(Network Address Translation),policy routing,etc.Because the router with the function of policy routeing always so expensive,as a free Operating System,Linux provides strong functions of policy routing from kernel 2.1.Now,the Linux OS configured with policy routing begins to substitute router as the export gateway.Along with a deeper understanding of Linux,appear some gateway with flexble policy routing function realized through kernel programming.
This thesis uses kernel programming implementing a multiple export gateway based on linux.It first researches the net framework of Linux kernel and considers shortening the journey of the packets travel in the kernel to promote the performance of the Linux gateway based on the research.Because the revision jumps over the Route System,the thesis constructs a new route system before transmitting the packet. The system reads these IP addresses that in common use to the route cache and constitutes the cache substitution arithmetic when constructing route cache.Aim at multiple export constructing special route table.Through optimizing route system to promote the performance of the gateway.It is hard that when the line in trouble choose another way in time for regular router.This thesis makes use of flexble programming realizing simple line redundancy.
The system has passed the testing and reached the expected result.
引文
[1]王琦.无论任何角落,点击即时到达.China Computers Users,vol.22,pp.45-46,2006.
[2]任辰.基于GLBP和IP SLAs协议的多出口路由方法.Cernet年会,云南2006。
[3]缪元照,孟中.校园网多出口方案探讨.计算机与现代化,vol.101,pp.56-58,2004.
[4]邹华荣,黄力,基于核心交换机的网络双出口设计与实现.柳州职业技术学院学报,vol.6no.3,pp.65-68,2006.
[5]D.Clark.Policy routing in internet protocols.presented at Tech.Rep.RFC 1102,DDN Network Information Center,Menlo Park,California,1989.
[6]Epema.Worldwide Flock of Condors:Load Sharing among Workstation Clusters.J.Future Generations of Computer Systems,vol.12,pp.53-65,1996.
[7]黄敏,张卫东.基于策略路由的网络设计与实践.计算机应用,vol.22,pp.72-73,2002.
[8]催勇,吴建平.互连网络服务质量路由算法研究综述.软件学报,vol.13,pp.2065-2075,2002.
[9]X.Xiao.Internet QoS:A Big Picture.IEEE Network,vol.13,pp.8-18,1999.
[10]邵闻珠,徐燕,周淑萍.基于Linux校园网双出口的实现.计算机工程与设计,vol.27no.11,pp.2100-2104,2006.
[11]P.R.Russel,The NetFilter Project.http://www.NetFilter.org,2003.
[12]李善平,陈文智等.边干边学-Linux内核指导.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2002。
[13]唐续,刘心松.Linux网络协议栈分析及协议添加的实现.计算机科学,vol.30,pp.130-132,2002.
[14]J.Frost.BSD Sockets:A Quick And Dirty Primer:ftp:ftp.stc.com Directory:/obiNetworking/Papers File:sockets.primer.tr.Z,1990.
[15]陈惠春.Linux操作系统网络协议栈的设计与实现研究:(硕士学位论文)。成都,电子科技大学,2004。
[16]博韦.西斯特著陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[17]http://blog.csdn.net/ryman/archive/2005/04/18/352988.aspx
[18]周帆,李红艳.Linux路由实现机制分析.航天制造技术,vol.6,pp.37-41,2005.
[19]Satchell,S.T,Clifford,H.B.J.Linux IP协议栈源代码分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2000。
[20]http://hi.baidu.com/linux_kernel/blog/item/58eafaf2bc87c713b17ec55b.html
[21]http://blog.csdn.net/rwen2012/archive/2007/10/05/1811578.aspx
[22]张晨曦等.计算机体系结构.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[23]付炜.Linux下网络路由的实现.四川通信技术,vol.31,pp.30,2001.
[24]樊亮.Linux核心下高性能策略路由的实现:(硕士学位论文).大连,大连海事大学,2006.
[2]任辰.基于GLBP和IP SLAs协议的多出口路由方法.Cernet年会,云南2006。
[3]缪元照,孟中.校园网多出口方案探讨.计算机与现代化,vol.101,pp.56-58,2004.
[4]邹华荣,黄力,基于核心交换机的网络双出口设计与实现.柳州职业技术学院学报,vol.6no.3,pp.65-68,2006.
[5]D.Clark.Policy routing in internet protocols.presented at Tech.Rep.RFC 1102,DDN Network Information Center,Menlo Park,California,1989.
[6]Epema.Worldwide Flock of Condors:Load Sharing among Workstation Clusters.J.Future Generations of Computer Systems,vol.12,pp.53-65,1996.
[7]黄敏,张卫东.基于策略路由的网络设计与实践.计算机应用,vol.22,pp.72-73,2002.
[8]催勇,吴建平.互连网络服务质量路由算法研究综述.软件学报,vol.13,pp.2065-2075,2002.
[9]X.Xiao.Internet QoS:A Big Picture.IEEE Network,vol.13,pp.8-18,1999.
[10]邵闻珠,徐燕,周淑萍.基于Linux校园网双出口的实现.计算机工程与设计,vol.27no.11,pp.2100-2104,2006.
[11]P.R.Russel,The NetFilter Project.http://www.NetFilter.org,2003.
[12]李善平,陈文智等.边干边学-Linux内核指导.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2002。
[13]唐续,刘心松.Linux网络协议栈分析及协议添加的实现.计算机科学,vol.30,pp.130-132,2002.
[14]J.Frost.BSD Sockets:A Quick And Dirty Primer:ftp:ftp.stc.com Directory:/obiNetworking/Papers File:sockets.primer.tr.Z,1990.
[15]陈惠春.Linux操作系统网络协议栈的设计与实现研究:(硕士学位论文)。成都,电子科技大学,2004。
[16]博韦.西斯特著陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[17]http://blog.csdn.net/ryman/archive/2005/04/18/352988.aspx
[18]周帆,李红艳.Linux路由实现机制分析.航天制造技术,vol.6,pp.37-41,2005.
[19]Satchell,S.T,Clifford,H.B.J.Linux IP协议栈源代码分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2000。
[20]http://hi.baidu.com/linux_kernel/blog/item/58eafaf2bc87c713b17ec55b.html
[21]http://blog.csdn.net/rwen2012/archive/2007/10/05/1811578.aspx
[22]张晨曦等.计算机体系结构.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[23]付炜.Linux下网络路由的实现.四川通信技术,vol.31,pp.30,2001.
[24]樊亮.Linux核心下高性能策略路由的实现:(硕士学位论文).大连,大连海事大学,2006.