路用地质雷达回波信号处理方法研究
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摘要
路用地质雷达是近些年发展起来的一种无损检测设备,与传统公路检测方法相比,路用地质雷达具有不损坏路面,探测速度快,探测过程连续,分辨率高,操作方便灵活,探测费用低,探测范围广等优点。因此,路用地质雷达在国内外的公路工程中已经得到广泛的应用。然而,与地质雷达设备的较快发展相比,路用地质雷达回波信号处理算法发展缓慢,这严重影响了路用地质雷达的推广应用,所以,对路用地质雷达回波信号处理方法进行研究具有重大的现实意义。
本文首先分析了电介质中电磁波的传播规律,讨论了地质雷达的基本原理及其体制,创建了获取路用地质雷达原始数据的方法。其次,提出了适合于路用地质雷达信号处理的降噪方法(小波变换与K-L变换相结合降噪法);研究了雷达回波信号的瞬时频率提取方法;应用时域有限差分算法,正演模拟了理想介质条件下不同形状目标体的回波图像。然后,以基于时频分析的瞬时频率提取方法和正演模拟图像为基础,建立了基于回波图像特征的目标空间位置定位方法,和基于回波信号时频特性的目标分类识别方法。最后,本文利用实测数据进行了实验,实验结果表明:所建立的方法成功实现了异常体的目标分类识别和空间位置定位,具有较大的应用前景。
Ground Penetrating Radar is a kind of equipment with lossless detecting, which has been used comprehensively for roads detecting. Comparing with traditional detecting methods of roads detecting, it has many advantages, such as no destruction to road surface, rapid detection, continuity, high resolution, flexible operation, low cost and wide detecting range. Attribute to above virtues, the road geological radar is widely used in road projects. However, the related signal processing algorithms for echo waves of road radar develop very slowly, so the research of road radar signal processing algorithms has a great meaning in actual application.
This paper firstly analyzes the electromagnetic wave transmitting rules in dielectric, illuminates the basic principles and structure of road radar, and proposes method to obtain the original data of road radar. Secondly, adopts a proper methods for noise decreasing-a combination of wavelet transformation and K-L transformation, researchs the instant frequency abstraction algorithms based on time-frequency transforming and simulates in ideal dielectric the echo wave figure of different objects by limited time difference algorithm. And on the basis of above two algorithms, this paper realizes the localization of special objects based on echo wave figure characteristics and objects classification based on echo wave of time-frequency property. Finally, tests the real data and the results show that the methods proposed by this paper are effective.
本文首先分析了电介质中电磁波的传播规律,讨论了地质雷达的基本原理及其体制,创建了获取路用地质雷达原始数据的方法。其次,提出了适合于路用地质雷达信号处理的降噪方法(小波变换与K-L变换相结合降噪法);研究了雷达回波信号的瞬时频率提取方法;应用时域有限差分算法,正演模拟了理想介质条件下不同形状目标体的回波图像。然后,以基于时频分析的瞬时频率提取方法和正演模拟图像为基础,建立了基于回波图像特征的目标空间位置定位方法,和基于回波信号时频特性的目标分类识别方法。最后,本文利用实测数据进行了实验,实验结果表明:所建立的方法成功实现了异常体的目标分类识别和空间位置定位,具有较大的应用前景。
Ground Penetrating Radar is a kind of equipment with lossless detecting, which has been used comprehensively for roads detecting. Comparing with traditional detecting methods of roads detecting, it has many advantages, such as no destruction to road surface, rapid detection, continuity, high resolution, flexible operation, low cost and wide detecting range. Attribute to above virtues, the road geological radar is widely used in road projects. However, the related signal processing algorithms for echo waves of road radar develop very slowly, so the research of road radar signal processing algorithms has a great meaning in actual application.
This paper firstly analyzes the electromagnetic wave transmitting rules in dielectric, illuminates the basic principles and structure of road radar, and proposes method to obtain the original data of road radar. Secondly, adopts a proper methods for noise decreasing-a combination of wavelet transformation and K-L transformation, researchs the instant frequency abstraction algorithms based on time-frequency transforming and simulates in ideal dielectric the echo wave figure of different objects by limited time difference algorithm. And on the basis of above two algorithms, this paper realizes the localization of special objects based on echo wave figure characteristics and objects classification based on echo wave of time-frequency property. Finally, tests the real data and the results show that the methods proposed by this paper are effective.
引文
[1]张春城.浅地层探地雷达中的信号处理技术研究[D] .成都:电子科技大学, 2005
[2]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M] .北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]魏剑涛.探地雷达的分析和研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2000
[4]孔令讲.浅地层探地雷达信号处理算法的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学, 2003.
[5] Daniels D J.S urface Penetrating Radar. London[M] .UK:Published by IEE, 1996.
[6]张安学.探地雷达目标检测与定位方法的研究[D] .西安:西安交通大学, 2005
[7] Brunzell H. Detection of shallowly buried objects using impulse radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1999, 37(2):875-886
[8] O’Neill,K. Radar sensing of thin surface layers and near-surface buried objects[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoseience and Remote Sensing, 2000,38(1):480-495
[9] Jeong Soolee.D esign of high frequency Pulse subsurface Penetrating radar for Pavement assment[D] .Texas:Texas A&M University, 2000.
[10]朱迪.车载探地雷达的数据采集及信号处理[D] .西安:西安交通大学, 2004.
[11]Siegel. R. Land mine detection[J].Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 2002, 5(4):22-28
[12]Earp , S.L., Hughes , E.S., Elkins , T.J., et al. Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buried metallic mines[J].IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 1996, 11(9):30-39
[13]Jeong Soo Lee, Cam Nguyen, et al. compact low-cost impulse Ground-Penetrating radar for nondestructive evaluation of Pavements[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2004, 53(6):1502-1509
[14]Benedetto A., Benedetto,F., et al. Reliability of signal Processing technique for Pavement damages detection and classification using Ground penetrating radar[J].IEEE Sensors Journal, 2005, 23(3):471-480
[15]吴畏,郭华,张井等.小波变换在探地雷达探测地下管线信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2003,18(3) :493-497
[16]周立功,严炎兴,张惠生等.探地雷达技术在隧道病害检测中的应用[J].施工技术, 1998,3(2) :15-16
[17]于宁,朱合华.多种安全监测及预报手段在隧道建设中的应用分析[J].探矿工程, 2003,6(6) :59
[18]赵华阁,宋元华.道路探地雷达厚度检测技术的应用与实践[J] .河南交通科技, 2000,20(2) :30
[19]Copper G.R. Signal Processing for impulse radar[R].USA:Ohio University,1992,
[20]A.E.Barnes. Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at the enve1ope Peak of a constant-phase wavelet[J].Geophysics, 1991, 56(7):1058-1060
[21]沈鹰,于东海,孙忠良.探地雷达系统的研制及其应用[J] .东南大学学报, 1996,15(2) :23-25
[22]杨健,张毅等.地质雷达在隧道工程质量检测中的应用[J] .公路,2001, 3(3) : 62-64
[23]D.J.Daniels. Surface Penetrating Radar[M] .London,United Kingdom,Published by The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1996
[24]Hakan Brunzell. Signal Processing Techniques for Detection of Buried Landmine using Ground Penetrationg Radar[D]. Sweden:Sweden University, 1998
[25]B.Scheers. Ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar with application to the detection of anti personnel landmines[D]. Brussels:Brussels University, 2001
[26]Keigo,Kam Hung Wu,et al. Step Frequency Rada[J].Appl.Phys, 1984,56(9):2572-2583
[27]David Andrew Noon. Stepped Frequency Radar Design and Signal Processing Enhances Ground Penetrating Radar Performance[D]. Australia:Australia University, 1996
[28]Egil S.Eide.Radar imaging of small objects closely below the earth surface[D]. Norwegian:Norwegian University, 2000
[29]H.Brunzell. Preprocessing of Ground Penetrating Impulse Radar Data for Improved Detection Capability[J]. IEEE IGARSS,1998, 10(1):1478-1480
[30]D.J.Daniels. Introduction to subsurface radar[J]. IEE Proceedings,1988, 138(4):278-320
[31]S.Valle,L.Zanzi. Very high resolution radar imaging with a stepped frequency system[J] .Conf.GPR, 2000,l(4084):464-470
[32]Donald R.Wehner. High resolution radar.[D] :UK:ARTECH HOUSE University, 1987
[33]Malek G.M.Hussain. Ultra-wideband impulse radar:an overview of the principles[J].IEEE AES System Magazine,1998, 9(1):9-14
[34]S.L.Earp,E.S.Hughes,T.J.Elkins. Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buried metallic mines[J].IEEE AES System Magazine,1996, 9(1):30-34
[35]M.E.Aderin,I.A.Burch. Countermine.hand held and vehicle mounted mine detection[R] . UK:IEE Conf.On Detection of Abandoned Land Mines,1998
[36]J.Homer,H.T. Radar imaging of shallow buried objects[J].IEEE IGARSS, 1999,l(5):2477-2479
[37]Stephane Perrin,Alain Bibaut,et al. Use of wavelets for ground-penetrating radar signal analysis and multisensor fusion in the frame of landmines detection[R]. UK,.IEEE Int.Conf.On Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,2000
[38]E.S.Eide,J.F.Hjelmstad. The development of an advanced mine detection system[R]:Norway :Norway University,1998
[39]Adnan Sahin,Eric L.Miller. Objects detection using high resolution near-field array Processing[J]. IEEE Trans GRS,2001, 39(1): 1 36-141
[40]刘振峰,郝天姚,范国章.沉积旋回的地球物理研究[J] .石油实验地质, 2004, 26(3): 258-262
[41]邱剑锋.Chirplet变换应用与推广[D] .安徽:安徽大学, 2006
[42]杨芳,高静怀. Chirplet变换中的参数选择研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2006,40(3):719-723
[43]韦宏鹄.探地雷达小波分析方法研究[D] .武汉:中国地质大学, 2000
[44]周杨,冷元宝,赵圣立.路用探地雷达的应用技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):481-486
[45]许建文.地质雷达在道路工程中的应用及其数据分析研究[D]:长沙:长沙理工大学, 2006
[46]陈东凯,探地雷达在路基路面病害检测中亟待解决的问题[J].公路工程,2007,32(5),25-30
[47]刘文伟,杜华坤,邹声杰等.工程物探在高速公路建设中的应用[J].湖南交通科技, 2004,30(2):19-20
[48]杨兆良.探地雷达信号处理及软件研制[D] .成都:成都电子科技大学, 2005
[49]D.J.Daniels. Searching for buried objects with surface penetrating radar[J]. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers 1995,29(10):133-143
[50]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M] .西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1995
[51]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M] .北京:科学出版社, 1999
[52]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.信号处理及应用[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1997
[2]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M] .北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]魏剑涛.探地雷达的分析和研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2000
[4]孔令讲.浅地层探地雷达信号处理算法的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学, 2003.
[5] Daniels D J.S urface Penetrating Radar. London[M] .UK:Published by IEE, 1996.
[6]张安学.探地雷达目标检测与定位方法的研究[D] .西安:西安交通大学, 2005
[7] Brunzell H. Detection of shallowly buried objects using impulse radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1999, 37(2):875-886
[8] O’Neill,K. Radar sensing of thin surface layers and near-surface buried objects[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoseience and Remote Sensing, 2000,38(1):480-495
[9] Jeong Soolee.D esign of high frequency Pulse subsurface Penetrating radar for Pavement assment[D] .Texas:Texas A&M University, 2000.
[10]朱迪.车载探地雷达的数据采集及信号处理[D] .西安:西安交通大学, 2004.
[11]Siegel. R. Land mine detection[J].Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 2002, 5(4):22-28
[12]Earp , S.L., Hughes , E.S., Elkins , T.J., et al. Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buried metallic mines[J].IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 1996, 11(9):30-39
[13]Jeong Soo Lee, Cam Nguyen, et al. compact low-cost impulse Ground-Penetrating radar for nondestructive evaluation of Pavements[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2004, 53(6):1502-1509
[14]Benedetto A., Benedetto,F., et al. Reliability of signal Processing technique for Pavement damages detection and classification using Ground penetrating radar[J].IEEE Sensors Journal, 2005, 23(3):471-480
[15]吴畏,郭华,张井等.小波变换在探地雷达探测地下管线信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2003,18(3) :493-497
[16]周立功,严炎兴,张惠生等.探地雷达技术在隧道病害检测中的应用[J].施工技术, 1998,3(2) :15-16
[17]于宁,朱合华.多种安全监测及预报手段在隧道建设中的应用分析[J].探矿工程, 2003,6(6) :59
[18]赵华阁,宋元华.道路探地雷达厚度检测技术的应用与实践[J] .河南交通科技, 2000,20(2) :30
[19]Copper G.R. Signal Processing for impulse radar[R].USA:Ohio University,1992,
[20]A.E.Barnes. Instantaneous frequency and amplitude at the enve1ope Peak of a constant-phase wavelet[J].Geophysics, 1991, 56(7):1058-1060
[21]沈鹰,于东海,孙忠良.探地雷达系统的研制及其应用[J] .东南大学学报, 1996,15(2) :23-25
[22]杨健,张毅等.地质雷达在隧道工程质量检测中的应用[J] .公路,2001, 3(3) : 62-64
[23]D.J.Daniels. Surface Penetrating Radar[M] .London,United Kingdom,Published by The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1996
[24]Hakan Brunzell. Signal Processing Techniques for Detection of Buried Landmine using Ground Penetrationg Radar[D]. Sweden:Sweden University, 1998
[25]B.Scheers. Ultra-wideband ground penetrating radar with application to the detection of anti personnel landmines[D]. Brussels:Brussels University, 2001
[26]Keigo,Kam Hung Wu,et al. Step Frequency Rada[J].Appl.Phys, 1984,56(9):2572-2583
[27]David Andrew Noon. Stepped Frequency Radar Design and Signal Processing Enhances Ground Penetrating Radar Performance[D]. Australia:Australia University, 1996
[28]Egil S.Eide.Radar imaging of small objects closely below the earth surface[D]. Norwegian:Norwegian University, 2000
[29]H.Brunzell. Preprocessing of Ground Penetrating Impulse Radar Data for Improved Detection Capability[J]. IEEE IGARSS,1998, 10(1):1478-1480
[30]D.J.Daniels. Introduction to subsurface radar[J]. IEE Proceedings,1988, 138(4):278-320
[31]S.Valle,L.Zanzi. Very high resolution radar imaging with a stepped frequency system[J] .Conf.GPR, 2000,l(4084):464-470
[32]Donald R.Wehner. High resolution radar.[D] :UK:ARTECH HOUSE University, 1987
[33]Malek G.M.Hussain. Ultra-wideband impulse radar:an overview of the principles[J].IEEE AES System Magazine,1998, 9(1):9-14
[34]S.L.Earp,E.S.Hughes,T.J.Elkins. Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buried metallic mines[J].IEEE AES System Magazine,1996, 9(1):30-34
[35]M.E.Aderin,I.A.Burch. Countermine.hand held and vehicle mounted mine detection[R] . UK:IEE Conf.On Detection of Abandoned Land Mines,1998
[36]J.Homer,H.T. Radar imaging of shallow buried objects[J].IEEE IGARSS, 1999,l(5):2477-2479
[37]Stephane Perrin,Alain Bibaut,et al. Use of wavelets for ground-penetrating radar signal analysis and multisensor fusion in the frame of landmines detection[R]. UK,.IEEE Int.Conf.On Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,2000
[38]E.S.Eide,J.F.Hjelmstad. The development of an advanced mine detection system[R]:Norway :Norway University,1998
[39]Adnan Sahin,Eric L.Miller. Objects detection using high resolution near-field array Processing[J]. IEEE Trans GRS,2001, 39(1): 1 36-141
[40]刘振峰,郝天姚,范国章.沉积旋回的地球物理研究[J] .石油实验地质, 2004, 26(3): 258-262
[41]邱剑锋.Chirplet变换应用与推广[D] .安徽:安徽大学, 2006
[42]杨芳,高静怀. Chirplet变换中的参数选择研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2006,40(3):719-723
[43]韦宏鹄.探地雷达小波分析方法研究[D] .武汉:中国地质大学, 2000
[44]周杨,冷元宝,赵圣立.路用探地雷达的应用技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):481-486
[45]许建文.地质雷达在道路工程中的应用及其数据分析研究[D]:长沙:长沙理工大学, 2006
[46]陈东凯,探地雷达在路基路面病害检测中亟待解决的问题[J].公路工程,2007,32(5),25-30
[47]刘文伟,杜华坤,邹声杰等.工程物探在高速公路建设中的应用[J].湖南交通科技, 2004,30(2):19-20
[48]杨兆良.探地雷达信号处理及软件研制[D] .成都:成都电子科技大学, 2005
[49]D.J.Daniels. Searching for buried objects with surface penetrating radar[J]. Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers 1995,29(10):133-143
[50]秦前清,杨宗凯.实用小波分析[M] .西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1995
[51]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M] .北京:科学出版社, 1999
[52]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.信号处理及应用[M] .北京:地质出版社, 1997