城镇有机垃圾序批式两相厌氧消化工艺试验研究
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摘要
城镇垃圾特别是城镇垃圾中的可降解有机垃圾在环境中自然降解,将产生大量的有机污染物,对城镇生态环境构成直接威胁。同时有机垃圾具有热值低、易腐烂、有机质含量丰富等特点,这就使有机垃圾厌氧发酵处理成为一种切实可行的发展方向。本论文采用序批式两相厌氧消化工艺对城镇有机垃圾进行处理,主要开展了以下几个方面的工作:
①研究了厌氧喷淋与厌氧浸泡、厌氧浸泡与好氧交替作用、厌氧浸泡与兼氧交替作用、采用产甲烷相的UASB的出水厌氧浸泡等四种方式对产酸相有机垃圾水解溶出的影响,同时,还研究了添加猪粪后的有机垃圾溶出规律。试验表明,采用UASB出水浸泡的方式,对促进垃圾体内有机物的溶出效果是最佳的。其溶出的适宜时间周期为7d,溶出的COD浓度为25140～6790mg/l。在有机垃圾中添加猪粪后的溶出规律与有机垃圾溶出规律基本一致。但在溶出后期,随着添加猪粪比例的增大,溶出的COD浓度减小。
②通过试验,对产甲烷相UASB反应器的启动进行了研究。试验表明,接种污泥采用污水厂消化污泥,经单相厌氧反应器驯化后投入反应器,采用逐步增加负荷的方法,可以在60天的时间里完成产甲烷相UASB反应器的启动,使容积负荷增加到9.4±0.2kgCOD/m3.d,COD去除率达80%以上,并且形成颗粒污泥床。启动期间,UASB反应器出水pH维持在7.50～8.35之间,出水碱度维持在1457～3580mg/l之间,表明处理系统具有较强的酸碱缓冲能力;反应器出水的VFA、氨氮浓度分别为249.6～2813.2、94.8～301.9mg/l,不会影响系统的正常运行。
③在两相厌氧消化工艺运行过程中,产甲烷相的有机负荷为8～16 kgCOD/m3.d,进水的COD为10400～18725mg/l,出水COD为522～1760mg/l ,COD去除率维持在88.74～97.44%之间。产甲烷相UASB反应器出水VFA的浓度变化范围为179.7～891.1mg/l,出水氨氮浓度变化范围为65.3～226.3mg/l,说明本系统不会产生酸抑制和氨抑制现象。在整个运行期间,每降解1gCOD的产气量约为0.3～0.5L,单位容积产气量在2.06～6.58m3/m3.d之间,具有较高的产气效率。甲烷的含量在77%～87%之间,远大于常规厌氧反应器产生的沼气中的甲烷含量,具有较好的资源利用价值。
The decomposable organic wastes, included in town waste, are naturally decomposed in the environment. It leads to lots of organic pollutants, which pose a direct hazard to the environment of the town. At the same time, organic wastes have some characters, such as low heating value, putrescibility and rich content of organic mass etc. Due to the characters, anaerobic fermentation treatment of organic wastes is considered as a practical and feasible developing direction. In the paper two-phase anaerobic digestion process was employed to treat the town organic waste. This paper mainly researched several aspects as follows:
①We respectively researched the influences of several ways on hydrolysis and dissolution of acidogenic phase, such as anaerobic spaying/anaerobic immersion, anaerobic immersion/aerobic alternation, anaerobic immersion/anoxic alternation and anaerobic immersion with UASB effluent of the methanogenic phase. At the same time, we also researched the dissolution rules of organic wastes added excrement of pigs. The experiments showed that anaerobic immersion with UASB effluent was optimal for the promotion of organic components dissolution effect. The suitable period for dissolution was 7 days, while the concentration of dissolved COD was on the order of 25140～6790mg/l. The dissolution rules of organic wastes added excrement of pigs accorded with the dissolution rules of organic wastes. Simply, during the last phase of dissolution, the concentration of dissolved COD was smaller along with the proportional rising of excrement of pigs.
②By means of experiments, we researched the startup of UASB reactor. The experiments showed that digestion sludge, through single-phase anaerobic reactor domestication, was inoculated and cultivated step by step. During 60-day time, the startup of the methanogenic phase UASB reactor was realized. The volume load increased to 9.4±0.2kgCOD/m3.d and the removal rate of COD was above 80%. At the same time, granular sludge blanket was formed. During the startup process, the pH value of UASB reactor effluent was kept between 7.50 and 8.35; while the alkalinity of effluent was kept between 1457 and 3580mg/l. The results indicated that the treatment system had a strong buffering capacity to acid and alkali. The concentrations of VFA and NH4+-N were 249.6～2813.2 mg/l and 94.8～301.9mg/l, respectively, which would not influence the normal operation of the system.
①研究了厌氧喷淋与厌氧浸泡、厌氧浸泡与好氧交替作用、厌氧浸泡与兼氧交替作用、采用产甲烷相的UASB的出水厌氧浸泡等四种方式对产酸相有机垃圾水解溶出的影响,同时,还研究了添加猪粪后的有机垃圾溶出规律。试验表明,采用UASB出水浸泡的方式,对促进垃圾体内有机物的溶出效果是最佳的。其溶出的适宜时间周期为7d,溶出的COD浓度为25140～6790mg/l。在有机垃圾中添加猪粪后的溶出规律与有机垃圾溶出规律基本一致。但在溶出后期,随着添加猪粪比例的增大,溶出的COD浓度减小。
②通过试验,对产甲烷相UASB反应器的启动进行了研究。试验表明,接种污泥采用污水厂消化污泥,经单相厌氧反应器驯化后投入反应器,采用逐步增加负荷的方法,可以在60天的时间里完成产甲烷相UASB反应器的启动,使容积负荷增加到9.4±0.2kgCOD/m3.d,COD去除率达80%以上,并且形成颗粒污泥床。启动期间,UASB反应器出水pH维持在7.50～8.35之间,出水碱度维持在1457～3580mg/l之间,表明处理系统具有较强的酸碱缓冲能力;反应器出水的VFA、氨氮浓度分别为249.6～2813.2、94.8～301.9mg/l,不会影响系统的正常运行。
③在两相厌氧消化工艺运行过程中,产甲烷相的有机负荷为8～16 kgCOD/m3.d,进水的COD为10400～18725mg/l,出水COD为522～1760mg/l ,COD去除率维持在88.74～97.44%之间。产甲烷相UASB反应器出水VFA的浓度变化范围为179.7～891.1mg/l,出水氨氮浓度变化范围为65.3～226.3mg/l,说明本系统不会产生酸抑制和氨抑制现象。在整个运行期间,每降解1gCOD的产气量约为0.3～0.5L,单位容积产气量在2.06～6.58m3/m3.d之间,具有较高的产气效率。甲烷的含量在77%～87%之间,远大于常规厌氧反应器产生的沼气中的甲烷含量,具有较好的资源利用价值。
The decomposable organic wastes, included in town waste, are naturally decomposed in the environment. It leads to lots of organic pollutants, which pose a direct hazard to the environment of the town. At the same time, organic wastes have some characters, such as low heating value, putrescibility and rich content of organic mass etc. Due to the characters, anaerobic fermentation treatment of organic wastes is considered as a practical and feasible developing direction. In the paper two-phase anaerobic digestion process was employed to treat the town organic waste. This paper mainly researched several aspects as follows:
①We respectively researched the influences of several ways on hydrolysis and dissolution of acidogenic phase, such as anaerobic spaying/anaerobic immersion, anaerobic immersion/aerobic alternation, anaerobic immersion/anoxic alternation and anaerobic immersion with UASB effluent of the methanogenic phase. At the same time, we also researched the dissolution rules of organic wastes added excrement of pigs. The experiments showed that anaerobic immersion with UASB effluent was optimal for the promotion of organic components dissolution effect. The suitable period for dissolution was 7 days, while the concentration of dissolved COD was on the order of 25140～6790mg/l. The dissolution rules of organic wastes added excrement of pigs accorded with the dissolution rules of organic wastes. Simply, during the last phase of dissolution, the concentration of dissolved COD was smaller along with the proportional rising of excrement of pigs.
②By means of experiments, we researched the startup of UASB reactor. The experiments showed that digestion sludge, through single-phase anaerobic reactor domestication, was inoculated and cultivated step by step. During 60-day time, the startup of the methanogenic phase UASB reactor was realized. The volume load increased to 9.4±0.2kgCOD/m3.d and the removal rate of COD was above 80%. At the same time, granular sludge blanket was formed. During the startup process, the pH value of UASB reactor effluent was kept between 7.50 and 8.35; while the alkalinity of effluent was kept between 1457 and 3580mg/l. The results indicated that the treatment system had a strong buffering capacity to acid and alkali. The concentrations of VFA and NH4+-N were 249.6～2813.2 mg/l and 94.8～301.9mg/l, respectively, which would not influence the normal operation of the system.
引文
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