上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化技术研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术和互联网技术的发展,面向服务的体系结构(Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA)逐渐成为一种新的分布式应用程序体系结构,Web服务及其组合作为SOA的实现手段之一受到了广大厂商、组织及研究学者的关注。特别是随着传感技术的发展,地球上的万事万物变得可感知和互联互通,上下文感知的Web服务组合能够实时感知用户所处的上下文及其变化,并据此调整系统自身行为,前摄地为用户提供服务和计算资源,从而减少人机交互,改善用户体验,提高服务针对性。然而,由于Internet的环境是动态、开放、多变、难控的,静态的Web服务组合已远远不能满足人们的需求。瞬息万变的商业环境也要求企业的IT系统能够迅速适应市场需求的变化,具有动态演化的能力。面对这样的环境,将上下文感知与动态演化技术相结合,研究上下文感知的Web服务组合动态演化模型与方法具有深远的意义。
本文在分析总结国内外主流动态演化框架的基础上,对Web服务组合、BPEL、上下文感知、进程代数、动态演化等理论和技术进行了深入地学习和研究,给出了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化框架,该框架包括Web服务容器层、服务组合编排层、上下文感知层、策略层、演化层五个层次。重点研究了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化技术,描述了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化实现机制,并对框架中各功能模块的作用进行了阐述。本文还给出了一个Web服务组合的BPEL流程到CCS进程代数描述的自动映射方法,并基于业务流程的CCS模型,对上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化特性进行形式化验证,验证演化前后系统行为一致性和演化后服务间的行为相容性。最后,本文详细介绍了一个电子导游案例,展示了上下文感知Web服务组合动态演化的过程,同时采用本文提出的行为一致性和行为相容性验证机制对该系统的动态演化特性进行了实际验证。
With the development of computer technology and Internet technology, service-oriented architecture is becoming a new architecture of distributed applications. As one of the means of achieving SOA, Web services and their composition are highly praised by the majority of vendors, organizations and research scholars. Especially with the development of sensor technology, everything on earth has become aware of each other and interoperable. Context-aware Web service composition is able to perceive the contexts and their changes of the user enviroment in real time, and then adjust the system behavior and provide services and computing resources for users proactively to reduce the human-computer interaction, improve the user experience and services pertinency. However, static Web service composition has been far from satisfying the needs of people because of the dynamic, open, changing and difficult controlled Internet environment. The ever-changing business environment also requires that the IT systems are able to rapidly adapt the changes of market demand and have the ability of dynamic evolution. It is with deep meaning that we combine the technologies of context-aware and dynamic evolution to research dynamic evolution model and methods of context-aware Web service in such environment.
This paper proposes a dynamic evolution framework of context-aware Web service composition based on analyzing and summarizing the main framework of domestic and international dynamic evolution frameworks and deeply learning and researching the theory and technology of Web service composition, BPEL, context-aware, process algebra and dynamic evolution. The framework includes Web service container layer, Web service composition orchestration layer, context-awareness layer, strategy layer and evolution layer. It focuses on the dynamic evolution technology of context-aware Web service composition. This paper describes the dynamic evolution realization mechanism of context-aware Web service composition and the role of each functional module in the framework. This paper also provides an automatic mapping method from BPEL process of Web service composition to CCS process algebra description. Based on the CCS formal model of business process, behavioral consistency and behavioral compatibility of dynamic evolution of context-aware Web service composition are also verified. Finally, a case of E-guiding system is introduced to show the dynamic evolution process of context-aware Web service composition. And the dynamic evolution features of this system are verified with the behavioral consistency and behavioral compatibility verification mechanism proposed in this paper.
本文在分析总结国内外主流动态演化框架的基础上,对Web服务组合、BPEL、上下文感知、进程代数、动态演化等理论和技术进行了深入地学习和研究,给出了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化框架,该框架包括Web服务容器层、服务组合编排层、上下文感知层、策略层、演化层五个层次。重点研究了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化技术,描述了上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化实现机制,并对框架中各功能模块的作用进行了阐述。本文还给出了一个Web服务组合的BPEL流程到CCS进程代数描述的自动映射方法,并基于业务流程的CCS模型,对上下文感知Web服务组合的动态演化特性进行形式化验证,验证演化前后系统行为一致性和演化后服务间的行为相容性。最后,本文详细介绍了一个电子导游案例,展示了上下文感知Web服务组合动态演化的过程,同时采用本文提出的行为一致性和行为相容性验证机制对该系统的动态演化特性进行了实际验证。
With the development of computer technology and Internet technology, service-oriented architecture is becoming a new architecture of distributed applications. As one of the means of achieving SOA, Web services and their composition are highly praised by the majority of vendors, organizations and research scholars. Especially with the development of sensor technology, everything on earth has become aware of each other and interoperable. Context-aware Web service composition is able to perceive the contexts and their changes of the user enviroment in real time, and then adjust the system behavior and provide services and computing resources for users proactively to reduce the human-computer interaction, improve the user experience and services pertinency. However, static Web service composition has been far from satisfying the needs of people because of the dynamic, open, changing and difficult controlled Internet environment. The ever-changing business environment also requires that the IT systems are able to rapidly adapt the changes of market demand and have the ability of dynamic evolution. It is with deep meaning that we combine the technologies of context-aware and dynamic evolution to research dynamic evolution model and methods of context-aware Web service in such environment.
This paper proposes a dynamic evolution framework of context-aware Web service composition based on analyzing and summarizing the main framework of domestic and international dynamic evolution frameworks and deeply learning and researching the theory and technology of Web service composition, BPEL, context-aware, process algebra and dynamic evolution. The framework includes Web service container layer, Web service composition orchestration layer, context-awareness layer, strategy layer and evolution layer. It focuses on the dynamic evolution technology of context-aware Web service composition. This paper describes the dynamic evolution realization mechanism of context-aware Web service composition and the role of each functional module in the framework. This paper also provides an automatic mapping method from BPEL process of Web service composition to CCS process algebra description. Based on the CCS formal model of business process, behavioral consistency and behavioral compatibility of dynamic evolution of context-aware Web service composition are also verified. Finally, a case of E-guiding system is introduced to show the dynamic evolution process of context-aware Web service composition. And the dynamic evolution features of this system are verified with the behavioral consistency and behavioral compatibility verification mechanism proposed in this paper.
引文
[1]王紫瑶,南俊杰,段紫辉等.SOA核心技术及应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[2]单建洪,卢中延等.SOA整合之道.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[3]余浩,朱成,丁鹏.SOA实践——构建基于Java Web服务和BPEL的企业级应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[4]http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/.
[5]http://www.w3.org/TR/WSDL/.
[6]http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-wsd120-20070626/.
[7]http://www.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-uddi2/part2/index.shtml.
[8]宋巍,马晓星,吕建.Web服务组合动态演化的实例可迁移性.计算机学报.2009,32(9)：1816-1831.
[9]F.Leymann.Web Services Flow Language (WSFL1.0).http://www.ibm.com/software/solutions/ webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf.May 2001.
[10]BEA Systems, IBM, Microsoft, SAP AG and Siebel Systems. Business Process Execution Language for Web Service version 1.1.http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/libra-ry/ws-bpel/.February 2005.
[11]The OWL-S Service Coallition.OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Services,version0.1.http:// www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.0/owl-s.pdf.
[12]S.Thatte.XLANG Web Services for Business Process Design.http://www.gotdotnet. com/team/ xml_wsspecs/xlang-c/default.htm,2001.
[13]A.Arkin, S.Askary, S.Fordin etal.Web Service Choreography Interface 1.0.BEA, Intaglio, SAP and Sun.http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/.August 2002.
[14]Assaf ARKIN, Business Process Modeling Language (BPML). BPML.org. http://www.bpmi.org/bpml-spec.htm.November 2002.
[15]Sadeh N, Gandon F, Kwon OB. Ambient Intelligence:the My-Campus Experience:[Technical Report]. CMU-ISR 105-123, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, July 2005.
[16]Sheshagiri M, Sadeh N, Gandon F. Using Semantic Web Services for Context-Aware Mobile Applications. MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Context Awareness. Boston,2004.
[17]Norbert W, Agnes V, Rudiger G. Using Ontologies in Personalized Mobile Applications. In: Proc. of the 12th Annual ACM International Workshop on Geographic Information Systems,2004 Pages:2-11.
[18]YAMATO Y, NAKANO Y, SUNAGE H. Study and Evaluation of Context-Aware Service Composition and Change-Over Using BPELEngine and Semantic Web Techniques:Consumer Communications and NetWorking Conference, Las Vegas, NV,2008 [C]. IEEE.
[19]邹文科,孟祥武.基于语义Web技术的上下文感知的智能移动服务[J].计算机科学,2006,(09).
[20]LUO N, YAN J, LIU M, et al. Towards Context-Aware Composition of Web Services: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing(GCC 2006), Hunan,2006[C]. IEEE.
[21]莫同,李伟平,吴中海等.一种情境感知服务系统框架.计算机学报.2010,33(11)：2084-2092.
[22]王玉祥,乔秀全,李晓峰等.上下文感知的移动社交网络服务选择机制研究.计算机学报.2010,33(11)：2126-2135.
[23]郑笛,王俊,贲可荣.支持上下文感知的构件适配模型研究.计算机工程.2012,38(2)：39-41.
[24]Funk C, Schultheis A, Linnhoff-Popien C et al. Adaptation of Composite Services in Pervasive Computing Environments. Pervasive Services, IEEE International Conference.2007.242-249.
[25]宋巍,马晓星,胡吴等.过程感知信息系统中过程的动态演化.软件学报.2011,22(3)：417-438.
[26]张仕,赖会霞.多线程可动态演化程序的设计.福建大学学报(自然科学版).2008,24(3)：23-28.
[27]Postma A, America P, Wijnstra JG. Component replacement in a long-living architecture:The 3RDBA approach. In:Proc. Of the 4th working IEEE/IFIP Conf. on Software Architecture. Oslo: IEEE Computer Society,2009.89-100.
[28]申利民,马川,王涛.基于进程代数的构件动态演化行为一致性研究.计算机应用研究.2009,26(4).1345-1352.
[29]马晓星,余萍,陶先平等.一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台.计算机学报.2005,28(4)：467-477.
[30]陈洪龙,李仁发.基于Bigraph理论的动态演化软件相关特性分析与验证方法.小型微型计算机系统.2010,12(12).2305-2309.
[31]Georgas J C, Hoek A V D, Taylor R N. Using architectural models at runtime to manage and visualize runtime adaptation[J]. IEEE Computer 2009,42(10):52-60.
[32]张仕,林鹏.基于OSGi的服务动态演化.软件学报.2008,19(5)：1201-1211.
[33]曾晋,孙海龙,刘旭东等.基于服务组合的可信软件动态演化机制.软件学报.2010,21(2)：261-276.
[34]Carl K. C, Hsin-yi J, Hua M et al. Situ:A Situation-Theoretic Approach to Context-Aware Service Evolution. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING.2009,3(2):261-275.
[35]贾朝光,吴卿,万健.一种普适环境下动态演化模型的研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2010,30(1)：3841.
[36]黄晙.网构软件的情境感知与动态演化模型研究：(硕士学位论文).上海：上海交通大学,2009.
[37]H.Kreger. Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0). http://www.cs.uoi.gr/-zarras/ mdw-ws/WebServicesConceptualArchitectu2.pdf.
[38]R.Wolter.XML Web Services Basics.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms996507.aspx.
[39]Leymann F, Roller D, Schmidt M T. Web services and business process management. IBM System Journal,2002,41 (2):198～211.
[40]Zhang R Y, Wang J. ONTOS:ontology-driven Web service composition Platform. http://webster.es.uga.edu/-ruoyan/ONTOS.htm.
[41]Ponnekanti S R, Fox A, SWORD:a developer toolkit for Web service composition.In:Proc.of the 1 lth Inte. World Wide Web Conf. (WWW2002) [C], Hawaii, USA, May 2002.
[42]Hewitt E. Java SOA Cookbook.中文版.北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[43]Schilit W N. A System Architecture for Context-Aware Mobile Computing. Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia University,1995.
[44]Dey A K. Understanding and Using Context. Personal and Ubiquitous ComPuting, Springer-Verlag.2001,5(1):4-7.
[45]沈桂芳.面向感知上下文的web服务组合的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2008.
[46]Milner R. Communieation and Coneurrency. International Series in Computer Science. PrelltieeHall:1989.
[47]张秀国.基于过程网络的服务协同计算模型研究：(博士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2006.
[48]罗毅,李兴宇,关连伟等.构建演化中的系统行为一致性的研究.计算机科学.2008,35(1).662-003.
[2]单建洪,卢中延等.SOA整合之道.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[3]余浩,朱成,丁鹏.SOA实践——构建基于Java Web服务和BPEL的企业级应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[4]http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/.
[5]http://www.w3.org/TR/WSDL/.
[6]http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-wsd120-20070626/.
[7]http://www.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-uddi2/part2/index.shtml.
[8]宋巍,马晓星,吕建.Web服务组合动态演化的实例可迁移性.计算机学报.2009,32(9)：1816-1831.
[9]F.Leymann.Web Services Flow Language (WSFL1.0).http://www.ibm.com/software/solutions/ webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf.May 2001.
[10]BEA Systems, IBM, Microsoft, SAP AG and Siebel Systems. Business Process Execution Language for Web Service version 1.1.http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/libra-ry/ws-bpel/.February 2005.
[11]The OWL-S Service Coallition.OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Services,version0.1.http:// www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.0/owl-s.pdf.
[12]S.Thatte.XLANG Web Services for Business Process Design.http://www.gotdotnet. com/team/ xml_wsspecs/xlang-c/default.htm,2001.
[13]A.Arkin, S.Askary, S.Fordin etal.Web Service Choreography Interface 1.0.BEA, Intaglio, SAP and Sun.http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/.August 2002.
[14]Assaf ARKIN, Business Process Modeling Language (BPML). BPML.org. http://www.bpmi.org/bpml-spec.htm.November 2002.
[15]Sadeh N, Gandon F, Kwon OB. Ambient Intelligence:the My-Campus Experience:[Technical Report]. CMU-ISR 105-123, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, July 2005.
[16]Sheshagiri M, Sadeh N, Gandon F. Using Semantic Web Services for Context-Aware Mobile Applications. MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Context Awareness. Boston,2004.
[17]Norbert W, Agnes V, Rudiger G. Using Ontologies in Personalized Mobile Applications. In: Proc. of the 12th Annual ACM International Workshop on Geographic Information Systems,2004 Pages:2-11.
[18]YAMATO Y, NAKANO Y, SUNAGE H. Study and Evaluation of Context-Aware Service Composition and Change-Over Using BPELEngine and Semantic Web Techniques:Consumer Communications and NetWorking Conference, Las Vegas, NV,2008 [C]. IEEE.
[19]邹文科,孟祥武.基于语义Web技术的上下文感知的智能移动服务[J].计算机科学,2006,(09).
[20]LUO N, YAN J, LIU M, et al. Towards Context-Aware Composition of Web Services: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing(GCC 2006), Hunan,2006[C]. IEEE.
[21]莫同,李伟平,吴中海等.一种情境感知服务系统框架.计算机学报.2010,33(11)：2084-2092.
[22]王玉祥,乔秀全,李晓峰等.上下文感知的移动社交网络服务选择机制研究.计算机学报.2010,33(11)：2126-2135.
[23]郑笛,王俊,贲可荣.支持上下文感知的构件适配模型研究.计算机工程.2012,38(2)：39-41.
[24]Funk C, Schultheis A, Linnhoff-Popien C et al. Adaptation of Composite Services in Pervasive Computing Environments. Pervasive Services, IEEE International Conference.2007.242-249.
[25]宋巍,马晓星,胡吴等.过程感知信息系统中过程的动态演化.软件学报.2011,22(3)：417-438.
[26]张仕,赖会霞.多线程可动态演化程序的设计.福建大学学报(自然科学版).2008,24(3)：23-28.
[27]Postma A, America P, Wijnstra JG. Component replacement in a long-living architecture:The 3RDBA approach. In:Proc. Of the 4th working IEEE/IFIP Conf. on Software Architecture. Oslo: IEEE Computer Society,2009.89-100.
[28]申利民,马川,王涛.基于进程代数的构件动态演化行为一致性研究.计算机应用研究.2009,26(4).1345-1352.
[29]马晓星,余萍,陶先平等.一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台.计算机学报.2005,28(4)：467-477.
[30]陈洪龙,李仁发.基于Bigraph理论的动态演化软件相关特性分析与验证方法.小型微型计算机系统.2010,12(12).2305-2309.
[31]Georgas J C, Hoek A V D, Taylor R N. Using architectural models at runtime to manage and visualize runtime adaptation[J]. IEEE Computer 2009,42(10):52-60.
[32]张仕,林鹏.基于OSGi的服务动态演化.软件学报.2008,19(5)：1201-1211.
[33]曾晋,孙海龙,刘旭东等.基于服务组合的可信软件动态演化机制.软件学报.2010,21(2)：261-276.
[34]Carl K. C, Hsin-yi J, Hua M et al. Situ:A Situation-Theoretic Approach to Context-Aware Service Evolution. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING.2009,3(2):261-275.
[35]贾朝光,吴卿,万健.一种普适环境下动态演化模型的研究.杭州电子科技大学学报.2010,30(1)：3841.
[36]黄晙.网构软件的情境感知与动态演化模型研究：(硕士学位论文).上海：上海交通大学,2009.
[37]H.Kreger. Web Services Conceptual Architecture(WSCA 1.0). http://www.cs.uoi.gr/-zarras/ mdw-ws/WebServicesConceptualArchitectu2.pdf.
[38]R.Wolter.XML Web Services Basics.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms996507.aspx.
[39]Leymann F, Roller D, Schmidt M T. Web services and business process management. IBM System Journal,2002,41 (2):198～211.
[40]Zhang R Y, Wang J. ONTOS:ontology-driven Web service composition Platform. http://webster.es.uga.edu/-ruoyan/ONTOS.htm.
[41]Ponnekanti S R, Fox A, SWORD:a developer toolkit for Web service composition.In:Proc.of the 1 lth Inte. World Wide Web Conf. (WWW2002) [C], Hawaii, USA, May 2002.
[42]Hewitt E. Java SOA Cookbook.中文版.北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[43]Schilit W N. A System Architecture for Context-Aware Mobile Computing. Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia University,1995.
[44]Dey A K. Understanding and Using Context. Personal and Ubiquitous ComPuting, Springer-Verlag.2001,5(1):4-7.
[45]沈桂芳.面向感知上下文的web服务组合的应用研究：(硕士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2008.
[46]Milner R. Communieation and Coneurrency. International Series in Computer Science. PrelltieeHall:1989.
[47]张秀国.基于过程网络的服务协同计算模型研究：(博士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2006.
[48]罗毅,李兴宇,关连伟等.构建演化中的系统行为一致性的研究.计算机科学.2008,35(1).662-003.